Formation for mission : catechesis in 'the rite of Christians initiation of adults'

Christian Spirituality, Church History and MissiologyD.Th. (Missiology

Alternative chemistries for etching of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-126).by Simon Martin Karecki.M.S

Development of novel alternative chemistry processes for dielectric etch applications

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.Includes bibliographical references.The removal of dielectric films in semiconductor processing relies almost exclusively on the use of perfluorocompounds (PFCs), which are suspected global warming agents. The two applications in semiconductor manufacture that account for the largest use and emissions of PFCs are the patterning of dielectric films and the cleaning of dielectric film plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) chambers. The work discussed in the author's Ph.D. thesis was conducted as part of a project whose goal is to identify and develop novel replacement etchants for these applications. The focus of the author's Ph.D. thesis is the patterning application. The research discussed in this document constitutes a follow up to the author's M.S. thesis, which discussed the initial stages of this project. These stages consisted primarily of preliminary screening tests involving a class of chemistries which was expected to be promising from a process standpoint at an early point in the project. The work carried out subsequently covered a far greater scope of activities and included additional preliminary screening tests with chemistries that were not covered by the author's M.S. thesis as well as extensive concept-and-feasibility tests and subsequent process development efforts using several of the more promising chemistries in a dielectric wafer patterning application. Much of this experimental work had been carried out in collaboration with industrial partners belonging to the semiconductor manufacturer, equipment supplier, and gas supplier communities. These tests were carried out on process tools housed both within MTL's Integrated Circuits Laboratory and at an industrial location, namely Motorola Inc.'s Advanced Products Research and Development Laboratory (APRDL). The project to identify and develop alternative chemistries for dielectric film removal applications is continuing after the completion of the author's thesis, with subsequent studies that will build on the results of the work done to date. The research presented in this document involved the evaluation of fluorinated compounds belonging to three principal families of modified fluorocarbon molecules: hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), iodofluorocarbons (IFCs), and unsaturated fluorocarbons (UFCs). In addition, other chemistries, namely trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA), oxalyl fluoride, and octafluorotetrahydrofuran, were also examined. The focus of much of the work was on the etching of patterned silicon oxide films in back-end-of-the-line (BEOL) applications such as via etch. In its mature phases, the work conducted relied on a two pronged approach toward evaluating new etchants: characterization of their process performance and characterization of their process emissions prior to release into the atmosphere. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was the principal means of process performance characterization, whereas Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was the principal technique employed for effluent characterization. At appropriate times, other diagnostic techniques, namely x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) were also used for film or effluent characterization. Within the HFC family, candidates were identified that exhibited generally good process results with emissions reductions ranging from -40% into the 70% range relative to a PFC based reference. More comprehensive tests with IFC compounds demonstrated that emissions reductions in the 80% range are attainable for working processes. Good performance was obtained with respect to some, but not all, key process metrics, demonstrating the potential utility of IFCs in certain dielectric etch applications, but also indicating that there were significant limitations to their use, stemming mostly from selectivity problems. In tests with UFC compounds, emissions reductions on the order of 85%, combined with good process performance, were obtained. This family of compounds showed the greatest promise from both an emissions standpoint and a process standpoint. In particular, compounds in this family showed very good mask layer and stop layer selectivity, in addition to good etch rates and good profile control. It is particularly encouraging that the use of some of these compounds, in addition to offering emissions reductions, may, in fact, offer a process advantage over conventional chemistries in applications requiring high selectivity. At the time of this writing, unsaturated fluorocarbons are viewed as a major avenue for further exploration within the ongoing PFC alternatives project.by Simon Martin Karecki.Ph.D

Reflexive competence and the construction of meaning: the contribution of higher theological studies in a globalised milieu

Globalised systems often reflect an array of ambivalent values. Persons participating in such systems need a strong sense of personal identity and the ability to have a deeper sense of meaning in their lives. Higher theological education that has a strong emphasis on reflexive competence can help learners to constructing meaning and hence enable them to participate in a globalised milieu with confidence. In this article we examine the value of using a reflective journal to enable learners to grow in their ability to integrate what they learn into their lives so that they can grow not only in knowledge, but in wisdom. South African Journal of Higher Education Vol.16(1) 2002: 145-15

Design and construction of a computing server for mining cryptocurrencies and implementing a token in blockchain technology.

Celem niniejszej pracy jest przybliżenie czytelnikowi technologii blockchain, jej podstaw technicznych jak i ekonomicznych oraz wskazanie jakie korzyści może nieść wdrożenie jej w różnych dziedzinach życia. Omówione zostaną najważniejsze projekty na niej oparte oraz najważniejsze kryptowaluty, takie jak Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple czy Litecoin. Poruszony zostanie temat bezpieczeństwa cyfrowych walut, zarówno samej technologii jak i bezpieczeństwa ich użytkowników oraz giełd internetowych.Zostaną zaprojektowane i zbudowane serwery służące do produkowania (wydobywania) dowolnej kryptowaluty. Omówione zostaną różne aspekty tj. wybór komponentów komputerowych i jego uzasadnienie, budowa serwera, instalacja oprogramowania, optymalizacja wydajności pracy, zmniejszenie zużycia energii elektrycznej, sposoby monitorowania oraz utrzymania jego ciągłej, bezawaryjnej i bezobsługowej pracy.Rozdział numer 7 wskaże czytelnikowi przykładowy sposób stworzenia własnego tokenu w technologii blockchain i upublicznienia go w Internecie. Wskazane zostaną możliwości zwiększenia popularności wykreowanego tokenu, tak aby wzrosła rzesza jego użytkowników a tym samym jego wartość.The purpose of this work is to familiarize the reader with blockchain technology, its technical and economic foundations, and to show the benefits that can bring its implementation in various areas of life. The most important projects based on it and the most important cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple or Litecoin will be discussed. The topic of digital currency security, both technology and the security of their users and online exchanges will be discussed.Servers for producing (mining) any cryptocurrency will be designed and built. Various aspects will be discussed, i.e. the choice of computer components and its justification, server construction, software installation, optimization of work efficiency, reduction of electricity consumption, methods of monitoring and maintaining its continuous, trouble-free and maintenance-free operation.The thesis will show the reader an example of how to create your own token in blockchain technology and make it public on the Internet. The possibilities of increasing the popularity of the created token will be pointed out so that the number of its users increases and thus its value

Re-thinking the role of theology in higher education: striving for deeper transformation

Since the first democratic elections of1994 every area of life in South Africa has been undergoing transformation. Higher education has not been exempt from this process. Within this context there have been attempts to minimise and sometimes, eliminate theology departments and faculties from institutions of higher learning because theology is often perceived as irrelevant. But if theology is taught in a contextual and engaging manner higher theological education can help learners reflect critically on contemporary life and the contribution they can make to society. Three modules from Unisa's Department of Missiology are examples of learning designs that are contextual and have the potential to evoke a deeper transformation in learners. (South African Journal of Higher Education: 2003 17 (3): 74-81