Isolasi Dan Elusidasi Senyawa Kimia Dari Kulit Pohon Garcinia Tetrandra Pierre

A preliiminary study was carried out to isolate theconstituents of the stem bark of Garcinia tetran dra Pierre(Guttiferae). Several species of this family had been known asmedicinal herb, some other contain bioactive constituents andnovel compounds. The isolation were carried out by macerationin n-hexane where crude extract was purified usingchromatographic technique on SIG60 coloumn and n- hexane ethylacetate as eluents by gradient. Two pure compunds werefound and their molecular structures were determined on thebasis of combined spectroscopic methods UV, IR, 1H-NMR, l3C-NmR and MS and comparison with literature. The compouridhad been identified as xanton, 15-hydroxy-20, 21, 22, 23-tetramethyl-3H,11H-dipyrano (3, 2-a ; 2'. 3'-i) xanten-17-one(A), known as Thwaitesixanton and a triterpene as Hopenol - a(Hop-(22) (29)-en 3-0 ol) (B)

Formulasi Tablet Mengandung Ekstrak Daun Sirsak, Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis dan Ekstrak Jamur Ling Zhi serta Uji Aktivitas sebagai Antioksidan dan Imunomodulator

Investigation on formulation of film coated tablets containing combination of three active substances, i.e. extracts of soursop leaf, mangosteen rind and Ling Zhi mushroom has been carried out, which was expected to have high antioxidant and immunomodulator activities. The research consists of formulation of film coated tablets F1 containing extracts of soursop leaf-mangosteen rind-Ling Zhi mushroom (100:100:125 mg) and F2 (125:75:125 mg) in each 840 mg tablet. Full examination showed that film coated tablet F1 and F2 comply with the 4th Indonesian Pharmacopoeia, except for the dissolution test. Determination of antioxidant activity with DPPH method showed IC50 of F1 tablet was 215.93 μg/mL, IC50 of F2 tablet was 363.86 μg/mL, whereas IC50 of soursop leaf extract 602.64 μg/mL, IC50 of mangosteen rind extract 111.80 μg/mL and IC50 of Ling Zhi mushroom extract 2199.50 μg/mL. Determination of immunomodulatory activity by in vivo carbon clearance method showed a moderate phagocytic index of 1.385 for F1 tablet, 1.469 for F2 tablet, and <1 for Echinacea extract as positive control. Stability test performed based on the α-mangostin content showed that the shelf-life of F1 tablet was 1.865 years, and F2 tablet was 1.842 years. The result showed that film coated tablet F1 and F2 have both synergistic antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities as compared to their respective single extract. The result showed that the antioxidant activity and stability of film coated F1 tablet is better than F2 tablet, but the imunomodulatory activity of F2 tablet is better than F1 tablet.Telah dilakukan formulasi tablet salut selaput yang mengandung kombinasi ekstrak daun sirsak, kulit buah manggis dan jamur Ling Zhi yang diharapkan mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dan imunomodulator yang tinggi. Penelitian meliputi formulasi tablet salut selaput F1 mengandung ekstrak daun sirsak-kulit buah manggis-jamur Ling Zhi (100:100:25 mg) dan F2 (125:75:125 mg) dalam 840 mg tablet. Uji mutu menunjukkan tablet salut F1 dan F2 memenuhi persyaratan Farmakope Indonesia IV, kecuali uji disolusi. Penetapan aktivitas antioksidan metode DPPH menunjukkan IC50 tablet F1 215,93 μg/mL, tablet F2 363,86 μg/mL, sedangkan IC50 ekstrak daun sirsak 602,64 μg/mL, IC50 ekstrak kulit buah manggis 111,80 μg/mL dan IC50 ekstrak jamur Ling Zhi 2199,50 μg/mL. Aktivitas imunomodulator dengan metode in vivo bersihan karbon menunjukkan indeks fagositik sedang, yaitu tablet F1 sebesar 1,385 tablet F2 sebesar 1,469 sedangkan ekstrak Echinacea sebagai kontrol positif sebesar < 1. Uji stabilitas tablet berdasarkan kadar zat aktif α-mangostin menunjukkan masa pakai tablet F1 1,865 tahun dan tablet F2 1,842 tahun. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa tablet F1 maupun tablet F2 mempunyai aktivitas imunomodulator maupun aktivitas antioksidan yang sinergis dibandingkan ekstrak tunggalnya. Disimpulkan pula bahwa aktivitas antioksidan dan stabilitas tablet F1 lebih baik dibandingkan tablet F2, tetapi aktivitas imunomodulator tablet F2 lebih baik dibandingkan tablet F1

Bioaktivitas Produk Fermentasi Monascus

Monascus-fermented product has been used traditionally in Asian countries as food and medicine. Traditionally, Monascus-fermented rice was produced with cultivate Monascus sp. on steamed rice medium. During fermentation, Monascus sp. produce various metabolites. Beside pigments, Monascus sp. also produces monacolin K, monascin, dimerumic acid, etc which possess positive health impacts. Recent studies reported that Monascus sp. could grow on non rice medium i.e. soybean, dioscorea, adlay etc. This paper is a review of bioactivities of Monascus-fermented products including anti-inflammatory, anti hypercholesterolemic, anti hyperlipidemia, anti hypertensive, antioxidant and anti diabetes activities

Studi Karakteristik Dan Stabilitas Pengemulsi Dari Bubuk Lendir Okra (Abelmoshus esculentus)

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis sifat fisikokimia Bubuk Lendir Okra (BLO) dan stabilitas emulsi minyak dalam air dengan BLO sebagai pengemulsi. Lendir okra memiliki kemampuan untuk membentuk emulsi yang stabil. Lendir diekstraksi dengan metode ekstraksi cair dan microwave yang kemudian diisolasi dan dikeringkan untuk mendapatkan BLO. Rendemen BLO yang dihasilkan adalah 11,84%. Warna BLO yang dihasilkan adalah coklat kemerahan. Analisis proksimat menunjukkan bahwa BLO didominasi oleh karbohidrat. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan bahwa BLO tersusun dari galaktosa, rhamnosa, dan asam galakturonik. Protein penyusun BLO tersusun atas asam amino hidrofilik dan hidrofobik. Emulsi dengan BLO, stabil dalam berbagai kondisi kekuatan ion (0-1000 mM), suhu (suhu kamar [RT] - 90°C), dan pH (2 - 9). Dibandingkan dengan pengemulsi nabati berbasis polisakarida lainnya (Arabic Gum [AG], Guar Gum [GG], dan Xanthan Gum [XG]), daya serap air dan stabilitas emulsi BLO paling tinggi, daya serap minyak BLO tidak berbeda signifikan (p<0,05), dan aktivias emulsi BLO berada di posisi kedua terendah

Peningkatan Akseptabilitas Susu Kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) dengan Adisi Bahan Penstabil dan Jus Jahe

Rendahnya atensi masyarakat terhadap pemanfaatan kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) sebagai sumber protein alternatif disebabkan oleh rasa langu dari biji kecipir yang telah diproses. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan akseptabilitas susu kecipir dengan penambahan bahan penstabil dan jus jahe. Metode blansir dengan air panas maupun uap secara signifikan tidak mempengaruhi penerimaan konsumen terhadap aroma, rasa, viskositas, dan akseptabilitas susu kecipir secara keseluruhan. Evaluasi terhadap efek berbagai rasio biji kecipir dengan air dan konsentrasi bahan penstabil pada stabilitas susu kecipir serta tingkat penerimaan konsumen menunjukkan bahwa susu yang dibuat dengan rasio 1:8 (biji kecipir:air) memiliki laju pengendapan terendah sebesar 0,0002±0,0001 ppm/m dan sifat organoleptik yang lebih disukai konsumen. Hasil uji Consumer Rejection Threshold (CRT) untuk konsentrasi jus jahe gajah, jahe emprit, dan jahe merah yang ditambahkan ke dalam formulasi susu kecipir masing-masing adalah 26,91%, 12,27%, dan 5,57%. Tingkat akseptabilitas susu kecipir yang dibuat dengan rasio 1:8 (biji kecipir:air), 0,01% kappa karagenan, dan 12,27% jus jahe emprit meningkat secara signifikan. Hasil uji fisikokimia menunjukkan bahwa susu kecipir yang dihasilkan memiliki nilai kecerahan warna 52,75, viskositas 16,18 mPa.s, pH 6,92, kandungan total fenol 0,27 mg EAG/g sampel, kandungan flavonoid 0,24 mg EK/g sampel, kapasitas antioksidan sebesar 14,53 mg EVC/L sampel (26,62% SA), dan kandungan tanin sebesar 0,24 mg EK/g sampel. Kandungan total padatan, protein, dan lemak dalam susu kecipir; yaitu masing-masing sebesar 10,29%, 1,58%, dan 0,88% membuat produk ini memenuhi standar dan dapat disetarakan dengan produk minuman berbasis kedelai lainnya; namun kandungan nutrisinya masih lebih rendah daripada susu kedelai

Pengembangan Getah Pepaya, Ekstrak Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) dan Ekstrak Umbi Bengkuang (Pachyrrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.) untuk Lotion Pencerah Kulit Berdasar Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Inhibisi Tirosinase

Whitening or skin lightening products are well known as cosmetic. In this development, papaya latex (Carica papaya L.), papaya fruit extract and yam bean tuber extracts (Pachyrrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.) were combined for skin lightening body lotion formula. Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were evaluated in the starting materials and the products. Antioxidant activity evaluation was conducted using DPPH free radical scavenging activity method. Tyrosinase inhibitory evaluation was performed based on tyrosinase enzymatic inhibitory reaction to tyrosine as substrate. Papaya latex showed the highest antioxidant activity (32.01%), followed by yam bean tuber extract (27.04%) and papaya extract (26.09%). The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of papaya latex, papaya fruit extract and yam bean tuber extracts were 68.42 %, 36.80% and 52.63 % respectively, as compared to that of arbutin (100%). Based on product appearance, color, odor, pH and viscosity, the product were stable for 128 weeks. The expired date calculation on its antioxidant activity, however, the product was stable for 77 weeks. It is recommended that the product should be stored in non transparent bottle at low temperature or at about 25-28oC.Produk pemutih dan pencerah kulit sangat dikenal sebagai kosmetik. Pada penelitian ini, kombinasi getah pepaya (Carica papaya (L.) Urb.), ekstrak buah papaya, dan ekstrak umbi bengkuang (Pachyrrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.) digunakan dalam pengembangan formula body lotion pencerah kulit. Bahan baku dan produk body lotion dievaluasi aktivitas antioksidan dan inhibisinya pada enzim tirosinase. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji berdasarkan penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH. Evaluasi inhibisi enzim tirosinase dilakukan pada tirosin sebagai substrat. Ekstrak getah pepaya menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi (32,01%), kemudian ekstrak umbi bengkuang (27,04%) dan ekstrak buah papaya (26,09%). Aktivitas inhibisi tirosinase dari getah papaya, ekstrak buah papaya dan ekstrak umbi bengkuang secara berturut-turut masing-masing adalah 68,42%, 36,80% and 52,63% , dibandingkan terhadap arbutin (100%). Dianjurkan bahwa produk disimpan dalam botol tidak transparan pada temperatur rendah atau pada sekitar 25-28oC

Crop Updates 2007 - Lupins, Pulses and Oilseeds

This session covers forty eight papers from different authors: 2006 REGIONAL ROUNDUP 1. South east agricultural region, Mark Seymour1 and Jacinta Falconer2, 1Department of Agriculture and Food, 2Cooperative Bulk Handling Group 2. Central agricultural region, Ian Pritchard, Department of Agriculture and Food 3. Great Southern and Lakes region, Rodger Beermier, Department of Agriculture and Food 4. Northern agricultural region, Wayne Parker and Martin Harries, Department of Agriculture and Food LUPINS 5. Development of anthracnose resistant and early flowering albus lupins (Lupinus albus L) in Western Australia, Kedar Adhikari and Geoff Thomas, Department of Agriculture and Food 6. New lupins adapted to the south coast, Peter White, Bevan Buirchell and Mike Baker, Department of Agriculture and Food 7. Lupin species and row spacing interactions by environment, Martin Harries, Peter White, Bob French, Jo Walker, Mike Baker and Laurie Maiolo, Department of Agriculture and Food 8. The interaction of lupin species row spacing and soil type, Martin Harries, Bob French, Laurie Maiolo and Jo Walker, Department of Agriculture and Food 9. The effects of row spacing and crop density on competitiveness of lupins with wild radish, Bob French and Laurie Maiolo, Department of Agriculture and Food 10. The effect of time of sowing and radish weed density on lupin yield, Martin Harries and Jo Walker, Department of Agriculture and Food 11. Interaction of time of sowing and weed management in lupins, Martin Harries and Jo Walker, Department of Agriculture and Food 12. Delayed sowing as a strategy to manage annual ryegrass, Bob French and Laurie Maiolo, Department of Agriculture and Food 13. Is delayed sowing a good strategy for weed management in lupins? Bob French, Department of Agriculture and Food 14. Lupins aren’t lupins when it comes to simazine, Peter White and Leigh Smith, Department of Agriculture and Food 15. Seed yield and anthracnose resistance of Tanjil mutants tolerant to metribuzin, Ping Si1, Bevan Buirchell1,2 and Mark Sweetingham1,2, 1Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, Australia; 2Department of Agriculture and Food 16. The effect of herbicides on nodulation in lupins, Lorne Mills1, Harmohinder Dhammu2 and Beng Tan1, 1Curtin University of Technology and 2Department of Agriculture and Food 17. Effect of fertiliser placements and watering regimes on lupin growth and seed yield in the central grain belt of Western Australia, Qifu Ma1, Zed Rengel1, Bill Bowden2, Ross Brennan2, Reg Lunt2 and Tim Hilder2, 1Soil Science & Plant Nutrition UWA, 2Department of Agriculture and Food 18. Development of a forecasting model for Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus in lupins, T. Maling1,2, A. Diggle1, D. Thackray1,2, R.A.C. Jones2, and K.H.M. Siddique1, 1Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, The University of Western Australia; 2Department of Agriculture and Food 19. Manufacturing of lupin tempe,Vijay Jayasena1,4, Leonardus Kardono2,4, Ken Quail3,4 and Ranil Coorey1,4, 1Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia, 2Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Indonesia, 3BRI Australia Ltd, Sydney, Australia, 4Grain Foods CRC, Sydney, Australia 20. The impact of lupin based ingredients in ice-cream, Hannah Williams, Lee Sheer Yap and Vijay Jayasena, Curtin University of Technology, Perth WA 21. The acceptability of muffins substituted with varying concentrations of lupin flour, Anthony James, Don Elani Jayawardena and Vijay Jayasena, Curtin University of Technology, PerthWA PULSES 22. Chickpea variety evaluation, Kerry Regan1, Rod Hunter1, Tanveer Khan1,2and Jenny Garlinge1, 1Department of Agriculture and Food, 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 23. Advanced breeding trials of desi chickpea, Khan, T.N.1, Siddique, K.H.M.3, Clarke, H.2, Turner, N.C.2, MacLeod, W.1, Morgan, S.1, and Harris, A.1, 1Department of Agriculture and Food, 2Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, 3TheUniversity of Western Australia 24. Ascochyta resistance in chickpea lines in Crop Variety Testing (CVT) of 2006, Tanveer Khan1 2, Bill MacLeod1, Alan Harris1, Stuart Morgan1and Kerry Regan1, 1Department of Agriculture and Food, 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 25. Yield evaluation of ascochyta blight resistant Kabuli chickpeas, Kerry Regan1and Kadambot Siddique2, 1Department of Agriculture and Food, 2Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia 26. Pulse WA Chickpea Industry Survey 2006, Mark Seymour1, Ian Pritchard1, Wayne Parker1and Alan Meldrum2, 1Department of Agriculture and Food, 2Pulse Australia 27. Genes from the wild as a valuable genetic resource for chickpea improvement, Heather Clarke1, Helen Bowers1and Kadambot Siddique2, 1Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, 2Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia 28. International screening of chickpea for resistance to Botrytis grey mould, B. MacLeod1, Dr T. Khan1, Prof. K.H.M. Siddique2and Dr A. Bakr3, 1Department of Agriculture and Food, 2The University of Western Australia, 3Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute 29. Balance® in chickpea is safest applied post sowing to a level seed bed, Wayne Parker, Department of Agriculture and Food, 30. Demonstrations of Genesis 510 chickpea, Wayne Parker, Department of Agriculture and Food 31. Field pea 2006, Ian Pritchard, Department of Agriculture and Food 32. Field pea variety evaluation, Kerry Regan1, Rod Hunter1, Tanveer Khan1,2 and Jenny Garlinge1, 1Department of Agriculture and Food, 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 33. Breeding highlights of the Australian Field Pea Improvement Program (AFPIP),Kerry Regan1, Tanveer Khan1,2, Phillip Chambers1, Chris Veitch1, Stuart Morgan1 , Alan Harris1and Tony Leonforte3, 1Department of Agriculture and Food, 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia, 3Department of Primary Industries, Victoria 34. Field pea germplasm enhancement for black spot resistance, Tanveer Khan, Kerry Regan, Stuart Morgan, Alan Harris and Phillip Chambers, Department of Agriculture and Food 35. Validation of Blackspot spore release model and testing moderately resistant field pea line, Mark Seymour, Ian Pritchard, Rodger Beermier, Pam Burgess and Leanne Young, Department of Agriculture and Food 36. Yield losses from sowing field pea seed infected with Pea Seed-borne Mosaic Virus, Brenda Coutts, Donna O’Keefe, Rhonda Pearce, Monica Kehoe and Roger Jones, Department of Agriculture and Food 37. Faba bean in 2006, Mark Seymour, Department of Agriculture and Food 38. Germplasm evaluation – faba bean, Mark Seymour1, Terri Jasper1, Ian Pritchard1, Mike Baker1 and Tim Pope1,2, 1Department of Agriculture and Food, , 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 39. Breeding highlights of the Coordinated Improvement Program for Australian Lentils (CIPAL), Kerry Regan1, Chris Veitch1, Phillip Chambers1 and Michael Materne2, 1Department of Agriculture and Food, 2Department of Primary Industries, Victoria 40. Screening pulse lentil germplasm for tolerance to alternate herbicides, Ping Si1, Mike Walsh2 and Mark Sweetingham1,3, 1Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, 2West Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, 3Department of Agriculture and Food 41. Genomic synteny in legumes: Application to crop breeding, Phan, H.T.T.1, Ellwood, S.R.1, Hane, J.1, Williams, A.1, Ford, R.2, Thomas, S.3 and Oliver R1, 1Australian Centre of Necrotrophic Plant Pathogens, Murdoch University, 2BioMarka, University of Melbourne, 3NSW Department of Primary Industries 42. Tolerance of lupins, chickpeas and canola to Balanceâ(Isoxaflutole) and Galleryâ (Isoxaben), Leigh Smith and Peter White, Department of Agriculture and Food CANOLA AND OILSEEDS 43. The performance of TT Canola varieties in the National Variety Test (NVT),WA,2006,Katie Robinson, Research Agronomist, Agritech Crop Research 44. Evaluation of Brassica crops for biodiesel in Western Australia, Mohammad Amjad, Graham Walton, Pat Fels and Andy Sutherland, Department of Agriculture and Food 45. Production risk of canola in different rainfall zones in Western Australia, Imma Farré1, Michael Robertson2 and Senthold Asseng3, 1Department of Agriculture and Food, 2CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, 3CSIRO Plant Industry 46. Future directions of blackleg management – dynamics of blackleg susceptibility in canola varieties, Ravjit Khangura, Moin Salam and Bill MacLeod, Department of Agriculture and Food 47. Appendix 1: Contributors 48. Appendix 2: List of common acronym