FILSAFAT DAN SIMBOLISME KETUPAT SEBUAH KAJIAN ESTETIK

Abstract To analyze “Philosophy and Symbolism of Ketupat” (Rice cake boiled in a rhombus-shaped packet of plaited young coconut leaves) a aesthetics study. The first explained the mean of philosophy as a love wisdom also at Hinduism called Tattwa is secret of divinity with Their Manifestation about secret of universe and life. Symbolism of Ketupat is extending conscience Hinduism to Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa (Powerful of god) and Their Manifestation example Ketupat Linggih, made from leave of coarse grass, usage for “Banten Panca Lingga” carried out of “Nelinggihang Dewa Pitra” ceremony or honorable ancestors. While Philosophy and symbolism of Ketupat a aesthetics study as extending a love wisdom Hinduism based on art of “Ulat-ulatan” kind of Ketupat, but a aesthetics study as strike to feel of beauty in inspirins, understanding, and stable Hinduism always based on Weda

THE EXPOSURES OF SCOTTISH CULTURE IN DIANA GABALDON’S OUTLANDER

Keywords: Culture, Scotland, Outlander, novel.Culture and society are related to each other and inseparable. Based on Koentjaraningrat (2009), culture consists of seven elements called Cultural Universal.That is, culture appears in every country around the world, including in Scotland. Theproblem of this study is on how Scottish culture is exposed in a novel.This study aims to find out the culture of Scotland in Diana Gabaldon’s novel entitled Outlander. This novel tells about the experience of an English woman named Claire Randal Fraser when she lives in Scotland. To support the analysis, sociological approach to literature about the theory of culture is applied. This theory is used toanalyze the elements of Scottish culture appear in the novel.Since the main character of this novel experienced the culture of Scotland, the result of this study shows that the culture of Scotland is mostly influenced by the culture of Celtic. The elements of culture are reflected in the novel are the Gaelicspeaking of the people of Scotland, the local genius of Scottish ancient medication, the leadership system of a Scottish clan, the necessities shared by the people of Scotland including the house, food beverages and the clothing, the Quarter Days as farming system of Scotland, the rituals and superstitions shared by the people as the belief system, and the folktales that are handed through generations.In conclusion, the culture of Celtic influences Scottish culture from the language, medication, necessities of Scottish people, farming system, superstitions and rituals, and the folktales. English culture also influences Scottish culture in the clan system. The other researchers need to do further studies in the novel Outlander by exploring the novel with historical approach to expose deeper about the history of Scotland

Methods to Increase Intake of Gliricidia Leaves (Gliricidia Sepium) by Sheep

SUMMARY Three trials were conducted to investigate the intake of oven-dried gliricidia by sheep, namely trial 1, addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG), trial 2, pretreatments, and trial 3 addition of additives. In the first trial, six rumen fistulated sheep were used to compare two dietary treatments in a change over design to study whether infusion of polyethelene glycol (PEG) into the rumen might increase intakes of gliricidia leaf as tannin in the leaf was believed to limit its intake. In the second trial, four sheep were used to compare four dietary treatments in a latin square design to study whether reheating or freezing the already oven-dried gliricidia leaf might increase its intake by the animals. On the other hand, the third trial was aimed to supplement the sheep with various supplements which are believed to be able to increase the taste of the leaf by the animals. These supplements were wheat millrun, molases, grass hay, cottonseed meal, palm kernel meal, or barley grain. For this reason, ten sheep were used to compare seven dietary treatments in a randomised complete block design. Differences between means were examined by analysis of variance using the General Linear Model procedure of the Statistical Analysis System. The results showed that neither administration of PEG into the rumen nor pretreatments (reheating or freezing) increased intake of gliricidia leaf by sheep. However, only mixing gliricidia with molasses increased the intake of the leaf by sheep over the control diet (gliricidia alone) over the six hours feeding period (43 vs 74 g DM)

Relative Palatability By Sheep And Goats Of Oven-dried Calliandra, Albizia, Gliricidia, And Leucaena Leaves

SUMMARY This experiment was conducted to assess the palatability of the lesser known fodder trees such as calliandra, and albizia which may have potential to be included in farming systems in the tropics the experiment. It was conducted in The University of Queensland, Gatton College in 1996 using six sheep and six goats in a Latin Square design involving pair-wise comparisons of four types of fodder trees, calliandra, albizia, gliricidia and leucaena. Variables measured were intake rates of each of fodder tree examined and differences between means were examined by the general linear model procedure of the Statistical Analysis System. The results showed that the overall intake rate of tree leaves examined was affected by animal species (P<0.0017) and tree types (P< 0.001). Rates of intake of gliricidia were consistently low and those of leucaena were consistently high, by both species of animals. Goats ate more quickly overall than sheep, but both species ate gliricidia much less rapidly than the others. Rates of intake of both calliandra and albizia were altered by the type of leaf fed as the pair. Intakes of calliandra were faster when paired with gliricidia than with albizia, and were reduced further when paired with leucaena. Rates of albizia intake were similarly influenced by the fodder which was paired with it. Fodder trees can be ranked with increasing order of palatability such as gliricidia, calliandra, albizia and leucaena

Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83125 Telephon 633603

ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to assess the intake and digestibility of low quality rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay cv. Callide offered to sheep. Four rumen fistulated sheep were assigned to four dietary treatments with 21 days for each period namely, rhodes grass hay was fed alone ad lib. (treatment 1), rhodes grass hay was supplemented with 200 g/d oven-dried leucaena (treatment 2), rhodes grass hay was supplemented with 200 g/d leucaena plus 8 g/d urea (treatment 3) and rhodes grass hay was suplemented with 200 g/d leucaena plus 150 g/d sucrose (treatment 4). This experiment used a latin square design and variables measured were dry matter, organic matter intake and digestibilities of OM, NDF and N by the method of total collection, N balance, ruminal parameters such as rumen pH and ammonia, and rumen microbial protein synthesis. Differences between means were analysed by the General Linear Model procedure of the Statistical Analysis System. The results showed that although leucaena supplementation increased total DM intake total OM and digestible OM intake did not change. Supplementation increased ammonia-N concentration, N balance and efficiency of microbial N synthesis, especially with urea (P<0.05). It can be concluded that leucaena supplementation of 16% of DMI may need additional N source such as urea for better microbial N synthesis, however the need for ruminally fermentable organic matter may not be required unless rumen ammonia-N is not limiting

Contrasting Ability of Steroidal (ICI 182 780) and Non-steroidal (EM-800) Antiestrogens to Inhibit Reproductive Organ Growth in Male and Female Mice

The changes in mammary, uterine and seminal vesicle growth were intended to identify the in vivo activity of estrogen antagonists. Using the combinations of hormone agonist and antagonist, we tested and compared four model systems, the young intact and adult gonadectomized male and female mice. Steroidal antiestrogen ICI 182 780 (ICI) always behaved as an antiestrogen: ICI alone or in combination with estradiol (E) or progesterone (Prog) decreased mammary and uterine growth in prepubertal and adult ovariectomized (OV-X) females and decreased mammary growth in prepubertal adult castrated males treated with E. In prepubertal males ICI alone or in combination with Prog or E also increased seminal vesicle weights. Nonsteroidal antiestrogen EM-800 (EM) alone, on the other hand, had no effect on mammary and uterine growth in prepubertal females, and in adult OV-X females uterine growth was even stimulated by EM alone, and a combination of EM plus Prog stimulated not only uterine growth but also mammary growth ( the estrogenic effects). EM synergized with E in decreasing seminal vesicle weights in E treated prepubertal males. However, EM decreased E stimulated mammary growth in prepubertal and adult gonadectomized females and males and E stimulated uterine growth in prepubertal and adult OV-X females. EM increased Prog stimulated seminal vesicle weights in prepubertal males (the antiestrogenic effects). Antiestrogen, growth, mammary gland, uterus, seminal vesicles, mice Estrogens and progesterone regulate the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system. Despite the classical contention that estrogen is the female hormone, compelling evidence indicates a pivotal role of estrogen in the regulation of development and function of several systems in the male Many of the biological effect of estrogens are mediated by their binding to nuclear receptors. Nuclear hormone receptors represent an evolutionary conserved class of transcription factors being present from flies to mammal