Validation of a competitive chloramphenicol enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for determination of residues in Ovine tissues

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which has been used for treatment of animals. However, in humans it leads to hematoxic side effects particularly aplastic anaemia for which a dosage-effect relationship has not yet been established. The objective of this study was to validate a developed chloramphenicol enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of chloramphenicol residues in ovine tissues. Two groups (n=5) of sheep were injected with chloramphenicol sodium succinate at 25-mg/kg bodyweight and slaughtered one and four weeks post drug administration. Overall, the mean percentage recoveries in muscle, liver and kidney were 92 %, 70% and 78% respectively. The limits of detection were 1.2 ng/g, 0.6 ng/g and 0.8 ng/g while the detection capability was 2.5 ng/g, 1 ng/g and 1 ng/g in muscle, kidney and liver respectively. This enables the method to be used effectively as a screening tool for chloramphenicol residues in livestock products especially in the liver, muscle and kidney.Keywords: Chloramphenicol, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ovine, muscle, liver, kidneyEast and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 13 (2010) 12-1

The 2022 symposium on dementia and brain aging in low- and middle-income countries: Highlights on research, diagnosis, care, and impact

\ua9 2024 The Authors. Alzheimer\u27s & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer\u27s Association.Two of every three persons living with dementia reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The projected increase in global dementia rates is expected to affect LMICs disproportionately. However, the majority of global dementia care costs occur in high-income countries (HICs), with dementia research predominantly focusing on HICs. This imbalance necessitates LMIC-focused research to ensure that characterization of dementia accurately reflects the involvement and specificities of diverse populations. Development of effective preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for dementia in LMICs requires targeted, personalized, and harmonized efforts. Our article represents timely discussions at the 2022 Symposium on Dementia and Brain Aging in LMICs that identified the foremost opportunities to advance dementia research, differential diagnosis, use of neuropsychometric tools, awareness, and treatment options. We highlight key topics discussed at the meeting and provide future recommendations to foster a more equitable landscape for dementia prevention, diagnosis, care, policy, and management in LMICs. Highlights: Two-thirds of persons with dementia live in LMICs, yet research and costs are skewed toward HICs. LMICs expect dementia prevalence to more than double, accompanied by socioeconomic disparities. The 2022 Symposium on Dementia in LMICs addressed advances in research, diagnosis, prevention, and policy. The Nairobi Declaration urges global action to enhance dementia outcomes in LMICs

Assessing the role of organic soil amendments in management of rootknotnematodes on common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L.

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of animal manures, cow and chicken manures, and green manures, Mucuna pruriens, Azadirachta indica and Tagetes minuta in root knot nematode suppression. The organic materials were mixed with soil at the rate of 5% (w/w) and placed in 5- kg plastic pots. The soil was infested with 4000 second-stage Meloidogyne juveniles and galling was assessed using a scale of 1 to 9. Galling was reduced in soil treated with organic amendments and ranged from 1.5 to 4.4 compared to 5.8 in the control. The amendments were ranked as chicken manure, neem, marigold, and cow manure in descending order of effectiveness in root-knot disease suppression. All the amendments were mo re effective than carbofuran, with the exception of cow manure. An analysis of the correlation between available ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and phosphorous (P) in amended soil done on one hand and nematode parameters on the other, showed significant (p < 0.01) negative relationships. The correlation coefficient (r = -0.85) between NH4-N and juvenile numbers in the soil was significant (p < 0.01). Similarly, phosphorous was negatively and significantly (p < 0.01) correlated to nematode egg mass (r = -0.79) and juvenile (r= -0.44) numbers. Microbial activity, measured using microbial biomass, carbon and nitrogen, was higher in organically amended soils than the control, with the highest figures being recorded on chicken manure. This is a clear demonstration of the potential of organic amendments in triggering the natural mechanisms that regulate plant nematodes in the soil. Journal of Tropical Microbiology Vol.3 2004: 14-2

Assimilation of Big Data Innovation: Investigating the Roles of IT, Social Media, and Relational Capital

In a knowledge-based economy with increasing competition, firms are under pressure to enhance their innovation capability. Social capital theory advances the idea that social capital promotes firm-level innovation. However, little is known about the process by which social capital of a firm translates into innovation outcomes such as implementation of big data initiatives. Little research has been done on what role information technology plays, if any, in this translation process. In this paper, we investigate how relational capital, a form of social capital, in the presence of social media and IT platforms, impacts innovation in the form of assimilation of big data technologies. The direct and indirect effects of the three variables: social media, relational capital and IT platform is studied. Direct effects of the three variables on big data innovation is established. Social media and IT platforms are found to significantly add to the positive relationship between relational capital and big data innovation