Does Cigarette Smoking Affect Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) and Embryo Transfer (ET) Outcomes?

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of smoking on controlled ovarian stimulation performance and ICSI-ET results. STUDY DESIGN: 193 ICSI cycles with ejaculated sperm were included. ICSI-ET outcome of smokers (n=54) and non-smokers (n=139) were compared. Only initial cycles stimulated via luteal long leuprolide acetate with recombinant follicle stimulating hormone or oral contraceptive plus luteal long leuprolide acetate with rFSH protocol were included. Patients with confounding factors such as female age >40, the presence of any ovarian surgery, unilateral oophorectomy or advanced endometriosis (stage III or more) were excluded. RESULTS: The number of retrieved oocyte cumulus complexes (OCC), metaphase-2 oocytes (M2), the fertilization rate, and the total number of the embryos available on day 3 were comparable among the two groups. Mean number of transferred grade 1, grade 2 and total embryos were also comparable between smokers and non-smokers groups. The cycle cancellation rates due to inadequate response to COH were similar among two groups. The clinical pregnancy rates were not statistically different for the two groups. CONCLUSION: Smoking is a well known poor prognostic factor for spontaneous conception or IVF-ET cycles. However, deleterious effect of smoking may not be directly adapted to the whole ICSI-ET cycles in patients without another risk factor threatening ovarian reserve

The Comparison of the Degree of Apoptosis in Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes Between Two Different Surgical Interventions for Tubal Ligation: A Rat Model

Objective: To compare the degree of apoptosis in ovaries and tubal epithelium observed secondary to tubal ligation either by Pomeroy’s method or bipolar electrocauterization in a rat model. Material and Methods: A total of 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 3 study groups: control (n=8), Pomeroy (n=8), and the electrocauterization group (n=8). Apoptotic cells were detected on the primary, secondary, tertiary follicles of the ovaries, and on the tubal epithelium using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling. The apoptotic index was calculated for each group by the percentage of the stained cells. Results: The apoptotic index of tubal epithelium was significantly higher in the bipolar electrocauterization group compared with the control and Pomeroy groups (3.1±0.8 vs. 1.4±1.0, p=0.018 and 2.0±1.2, p=0.03, respectively) whereas there was no significant difference between Pomeroy’s method and the control group. The apoptotic index of primary follicles was higher in the bipolar electrocauterization group compared with the control and Pomeroy’s method groups (3.4±0.5 vs. 1.2±0.4, p<0.001 and 1.8±0.8, p=0.005, respectively), but there was no significant difference between Pomeroy’s method and the control group. The apoptotic index of secondary and tertiary follicles was similar for each group. Conclusion: Pomeroy’s technique, as a permanent contraception method, is associated with lower apoptotic index on ovary and fallopian tube when compared with bipolar electrocauterization.PubMedScopu

Screening By Magnetic Resonance Imaging May Be Performed Even In Patients With Mild-Moderate Hyperprolactinemia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the degree of hyperprolactinemia and the possibility of presenting a pituitary adenoma with magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, a threshold value for prolactin level was studied in order to predict micro/macroadenoma. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 43 patients from a tertiary center, with persistent hyperprolactinemia were retrospectively evaluated. Only patients with a prolactin level more than 20ng/mL with two consecutive analyses were undertaken. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to all cases. RESULTS: Of the 43 cases, microadenoma and macroadenoma was observed in 14 (32.6%) and 1 (%2.3) patient, respectively. The mean levels of PRL among patients with normal pituary imaging and microadenomas were similar. The unique case with macroadenoma had a PRL level of 56.2ng/mL. When the patients (n=39) were enrolled according to PRL levels, such as <100 ng/mL (n=33) or ≥100 ng/mL (n=6), the possibility of carrying a microadenoma was found to be 33.3% and 50%, respectively (p>0.5). CONCLUSION: There is no consensus for the cut-off PRL level to predict micro/macroadenoma in patients with persistent hyperprolactinemia. According to limited data, micro/macroadenoma may be presented even in PRL levels less than 100ng/ml. Therefore, the possibility of micro/macroadenoma should not be underestimated in patients with mild-moderate hyperprolactinemia according to the available literature

Çeşitli sistemik hastalıklarda plasenta ve göbek kordonu damar endotellerinde hücre adezyon molekülleri

AMAÇ: Normalde, ve venöz ve/veya arteriyel trombusların görüldüğü preeklampsi, herediter anti-trombojenik faktörler tarafından oluşturulan hastalıklar ve otoimmun bozukluklarda (antifosfolipid sendromu) plasental ve göbek kordonu damar endotellerinde hücre adezyon moleküllerinin dağılımım saptamak, normalle karşılaştırarak değişiklik olanları belirlemek ve bu değişiklikler ile hastalıkların etyopatogenezinin açıklamasına moleküler düzeyde katkıda bulunmaya çalışmaktır. Literatürde benzer bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Normal ve patolojik plasenta ve göbek kordonlarından alınan doku örnekleri sıvı azotta donduruldular. Alınan kesitler çeşitli endotel adezyon molekülleri ile indirekt immunperoksidaz yöntemi ile boyanıp ışık mikroskobu ile incelendiler. BULGULAR: Endotel adezyon moleküllerinin normal ve patolojik plasenta ve göbek kordonu damarlarındaki dağılımları saptandı ve karşılaştırıldı. Patolojik dokuların hepsinde değişen oranda birden fazla adezyon molekülünün ekspresyonu görüldü. SONUÇ: İncelediğimiz patolojilerin hepsinde endotelin ekprese ettiği adezyon moleküllerinde önemli değişiklikler olmuştur. Bu da endotelin kan ile doku arasındaki geçişi kontrol ettiği mekanizmaların değiştiğini / bozulduğunu göstermektedir. Bu değişiklikler hastalığın etyopatogenezinin altında yatan moleküler mekanizmanın parçası olabilecekleri gibi, hastalığın sonucu da olabilirler. Endotel uyarımmdaki etkili faktörlerin daha başka çalışmalarla ortaya konmasından sonra bu moleküller tedavi amaçlı olarak da kullanılabileceklerdir

The therapeutic effects of coenzyme Q10 on surgically induced endometriosis in Sprague Dawley rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of endometriosis rat models. Twenty seven Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups; Control Group (n = 7; Endometriosis group), Reference Group (n = 6; Endometriosis + Buserelin acetate, 20 mg/kg), CoQ10 Group-I (n = 7; Endometriosis + CoQ10, 50 mg/kg) and CoQ10 Group-II (n = 7; Endometriosis + CoQ10, 100 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, all the rats were sacrificed, and the volume and histoarchitecture of endometrial implants were evaluated. The mast cells were determined by Toluidine blue and collagen fiber density was analysed by Masson's Trichrome staining. Tumour necrosis factor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in peritoneal fluid and VEGF and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Terminal deoxynucleotidil transferase-mediated dUTP Nick end labelling (TUNEL) was also used for the detection of apoptotic cells. The CoQ10 treatment significantly decreased the volume of endometriotic implants, VEGF, and MMP-9 immunoreactivity and increased TUNEL-positive cells. The findings of the study suggest that CoQ10 can be used in endometriosis treatment by suppressing the endometriotic implants.IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? Endometriosis is a gynaecological disorder and previous studies have shown that different treatments with antioxidants cause significant regression in the endometriotic implants. What the results of this study add? In this study, CoQ10 reduced intra-abdominal adhesion scores and volume of the endometriotic implants. In addition, CoQ10 treatment affected mast cell, TNF-alpha, VEGF, and MMP-9. What of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? CoQ10 treatments may be possible to apply, it can contribute to science in terms of a new therapeutic treatment for endometriosis. Further studies are required to evaluate the Coenzyme Q10's effects on pain and subfertility in endometriosis.Projects of Scientific Investigation at Gazi University [01/2019-17]This study was supported by the Projects of Scientific Investigation at Gazi University [grant number 01/2019-17]

Histology Laboratory Guide Book

Histology and Embryology education and research are fundamental cornerstones of medical science. Histology, which is the basis of many fields of preclinical and clinical medicine, defines the visual components of cells, tissues and organs at the microscope level. This book, which we have published in the third extended version, provides students with a selection of micrographs created from archive preparations that Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Histology and Embryology has been carefully created for more than 50 years. This selection has been prepared with the common effort of our academic staff, research assistants and technicians. The purpose of the book is to guide medical and health sciences students while examining the original preparations under the microscope in the laboratory, to match the functional properties associated with the structure of healthy cells with histochemical staining properties. Each chapter in the book contains brief information of micrographs on the basis of organs, tissues and cells under the relevant technical title. In this edition; we would respectfully like to thank the founder of our department and the first woman dean of medical school of our country, Prof. İlhan Kerse and, all of our retired professors who greatly contributed to our education by showing us the way of science. We also thank our former heads of department Prof. Ülken Örs, Prof. Esin Aşan, Prof. Ayşe Nur Çakar, Prof. Attila Dağdeviren, Prof. Sevda Fatma Müftüoğlu and Prof. Fevziye Figen Kaymaz. On behalf of our department, we wish all our students sincere success.Histoloji ve Embriyoloji, tıp biliminin vazgeçilmez temel taşlarından birisini oluşturur. Tıbbın birçok preklinik ve klinik alanına esas oluşturan histoloji, hücre, doku ve organların mikroskop düzeyinde görsel bileşenlerini tanımlar. Beşinci genişletilmiş basımını yaptığımız bu kitap, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Histoloji ve Embriyoloji Anabilim Dalı’nın 50 yılı aşkın süredir özenle oluşturduğu arşiv preparatlarından derlenmiş mikrograf seçkisini öğrencilere sunmaktadır. Bu seçki, anabilim dalımız öğretim üyeleri, araştırma görevlileri ve teknisyenlerinin ortak emeği ile hazırlanmıştır. Kitabın amacı; tıp ve sağlık bilimleri öğrencilerine laboratuvarda bu preparatları mikroskop altında incelerken rehberlik etmek, sağlıklı hücrelerin yapıları ile ilişkili işlevsel özelliklerini, histokimyasal boyanma özellikleriyle eşleştirmelerini sağlamaktır. Kitaptaki her bölüm, ilgili teknik başlık ya da sisteme ait preparat mikrografları hakkında organ, doku, hücre temelinde kısa bilgiler vermektedir. Bu baskıda; anabilim dalımızın kurucusu ve ülkemizin ilk kadın tıp fakültesi dekanı Sn. Prof. Dr. İlhan Kerse başta olmak üzere, bizlere bilimin yolunu göstererek yetişmemize katkıda bulunan anabilim dalı başkanlarımız Sn. Prof. Dr. Ülken Örs, Sn. Prof. Dr. Esin Aşan, Sn. Prof. Dr. Ayşe Nur Çakar, Sn. Prof. Dr. Attila Dağdeviren, Sn. Prof. Dr. Sevda Fatma Müftüoğlu, Sn. Prof. Dr. Fevziye Figen Kaymaz’a ve tüm emekli hocalarımıza teşekkür ediyoruz. Anabilim dalımız adına tüm öğrencilerimize içten başarı dileklerimizle