Exploring Identity Issues in Development Areas of Vernacular Rural Settlements: A Case Study of Behramkale, Türkiye

Sustainable rural development is a challenging issue, considering the pressure of change brought by the demands of globalisation and intensified tourism activities in rural vernacular settlements. While studies in this field often focus on historical centres, research on the distinctive urban and architectural identity of “village development areas” in rural vernacular settlements remains scarce. To address this gap in the literature, a field study was conducted in the vernacular rural settlement of Behramkale, located in the Northern Aegean region of Türkiye. The study explored the continuity of architectural and urban identity and its significance. The research involved a qualitative assessment of primary data obtained through architectural surveys and archival documents collected in 2017 and 2021. Data analysis not only focused on static features of place identity but included dynamic and perceptual features of place identity. Planning policy inadequacies and the implications of top-down decisions on vernacular rural Türkiye are discussed. The key finding from the study highlights the necessity for a more participatory and site-specific approach to preserving vernacular rural heritage’s urban and architectural identity for sustainable development. In this regard, the paper proposes that an identity-based and people-centred approach should be integrated into the policies for the development areas of vernacular rural settlements. This integration aims to preserve the local architectural identity and promote a belongingness community among residents

A qualitative research method on factors affecting housing career

Konut kavramının çok boyutlu olması, çeşitli disiplinlerden birçok bilim insanının farklı bakış açıları ve farklı yöntemlerle konut konusuna yaklaşmalarına neden olmuştur. Konut çalışmaları, sosyal, ekonomik, politik, demografik bağlamda birbirleri ile etkileşim içinde olan farklı konu alanlarını içermektedir. Bununla birlikte mevcut çalışmalar daha bütünleşik ve disiplinler arası bir yaklaşıma ihtiyaç duyulduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada hanehalkı ve konut pazarı dinamiklerinin bütünleşik modelini geliştirmek, bir konut kariyeri modeli oluşturmak hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla kapsamlı bir literatür araştırması ve İstanbul ili çerçevesinde bir alan çalışması yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın zenginleşmesi ve modelin geliştirilmesi amacıyla alan araştırmasında, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden derinlemesine görüşme tekniği ve görüşme formu yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Görüşme tekniği özellikle araştırmacı çalışmalar ve ‘nasıl’, ‘neden’ sorularını yanıtlamada tercih edilmektedir. Yöntem, çalışmada yaşamlarının farklı dönemlerindeki farklı yapıda ve özellikteki hane halklarının konut kariyerlerini, deneyimlerini, konut seçim ve kararlarını açıklamak, yerleşim birimi, konut, kişilerin yaşam biçimi gibi faktörlerin neden ve nasıl hane halklarının kararlarını, tercihlerini etkilediğinin cevabını bulmak amaçlı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucu oluşturulan genel temalar ve önermeler yardımı ile model geliştirilmiştir. Bu makalede çalışmanın yöntemi üzerinde durulacaktır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Konut kariyeri, araştırma yöntemleri, nitel araştırma yöntemi.Housing has been studied from many different perspectives in which diversity could be seen in approaches. Housing studies include different areas which are integrated each other in social, politic, economic and demographic contexts. While explaining housing demand, the term of 'housing career' is used preferentially since it is a multi-dimensional concept. Housing career is used in order to explain the changes in housing consumption in connection with the residential mobility. The concept which includes topics such as resources, access to resources, organizations, housing tenure, physical situation of the dwellings, location and cost enables to build up a connection between mobility and life-cycle of households. It helps to understand and analyse housing demands of different households at different life-cycle stages. Studying housing careers of households is also affective in displaying how housing demand is directed and changed. There are various models consisting of various approaches in the literature, which explain housing demand and housing career. However, existing studies reveal that, a more integrative and interdisciplinary approach is required in which socio-cultural, geographical, physical, economic and psychological dimensions are interrelated. Hence, in this study, the objective is to find how housing demand is changed and directed by developing an integrated and interdisciplinary model of households and housing market dynamics. As the concept of housing career enables to look at residential mobility and housing choice from a broader and integrated perspective, this term is particularly chosen to establish the model. The model aims to deal with household dynamics in an urban area by taking into consideration economic, political and social developments, housing demand behaviours simultaneously. To this end, a comprehensive literature review was carried out, and a field study was performed within Istanbul. The field study was built on qualitative research approach, and a semi-structured interview method was chosen. Content analyse method was used in analysing the text created upon transcribing the interviews of the households. The model was developed with the help of general themes and hypothesises formed according to the research. In housing literature, qualitative research methods didn't attract as much attention as the quantitative research methods due to the general approach adopted by the researches for a long time. Many studies were carried out on similar research topics with a range of methodological approaches such as analysis of large-scale data-sets, survey work and case studies. The dominant approach in the housing literature has been to prioritize quantitative methods. However, qualitative research methods provide more detailed understanding of behaviour attitudes and experiences of individuals and help answering the questions such as "how" and "why". Qualitative research is an inquire process of understanding on distinct methodological traditions of inquiry that explore a social or human problem. As the PhD study aims to answer the question how housing demand is directed and changed; and also aims to describe the factors and processes that have impacts on households, to explain households' experiences, housing choices and housing careers and to determine how households perceive their resources, constraints, contexts and how these perceptions, personal behaviours and life styles are effective in forming housing careers, qualitative research method is found to be the best appropriate method to use. During the field study, in-depth interview technique was used. In-depth interview is a qualitative research technique which enables the highest efficiency in gathering information about personal subjects, learning about the perceptions and emotions and understanding personal opinions by reducing the impact of group. The interviews were designed to describe a sample of households, to explore the behavioural and psychological aspects of the households and the way the households are affected from local and global developments. A semi-structured interview method was adopted since this kind of format with open-ended questions is most suitable when the emphasis is on the exploration rather than hypothesis testing. Content analyse method was used in analysing the text which was created after transcribing the interviews of the households. The model was developed with the help of the general themes and hypothesises which were formed according to the research. Keywords: Housing career, research methods, qualitative research method.

Flexible work environments’ effects on employees’ satisfaction in an intelligent office building

Çalışma mekânları içinde bulundukları dönemin sosyo-kültürel, ekonomik ve toplumsal yapısı ile şekillenen ortamlardır. Günümüzde, teknolojinin ve sürdürülebilirlik olgusunun yaşam ve iş yapma biçimlerini değiştirmesiyle çalışma mekânları yeniden kurgulanmaktadır. Çalışma mekânlarının değişmesinde en etkili unsurlardan biri esneklik kavramıdır. Esnek çalışma mekânları çalışanların iletişimini kuvvetlendirecek ve yatay hiyerarşiyi destekleyecek şekilde tasarlanmaktadır. Esnek çalışma mekanlarında açık ofis alanları aktivite odaklı alanlarla desteklenmekte ve çalışanların konsantrasyon gerektiren çalışma, toplantı ve ekip çalışması gibi ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacak şekilde planlanmaktadır. Bu durumun bir göstergesi olarak günümüz bilgi ve teknoloji çağında organizasyonlar ofis olarak akıllı binaları ve esnek çalışma mekânlarını tercih etmeye başlamışlardır. Fiziksel çevre tasarımının çalışan memnuniyeti ve verimi üzerine etkileri bilindiğinden, bu yeni tip çalışma mekânları özelinde tasarımın ve çevre kalitesinin çalışan memnuniyeti, verimi ve yapılan işin kalitesine etkileri üzerine araştırmalar dünyada, özellikle Kuzey Amerika ve Avrupa’da hız kazanmıştır. Ancak, Türkiye’deki çalışma mekânları özelinde bu gibi çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, bu boşluğu doldurmak amacı ile İstanbul’da yer alan LEED sertifikalı bir binada hizmet veren bir firmanın esnek çalışma mekânı örnek olarak seçilmiştir. Anket, görüşme ve yerinde gözlem yöntemlerine dayanan bir kullanım sonrası değerlendirme çalışması yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular esnek çalışma düzeni, fiziksel çevre koşulları ve mekânsal tasarım bağlamında çalışan memnuniyetine etkileri açısından değerlendirilmiştir.Social, cultural, and economical structures shape physical work environments. Today, workplaces are reconstructed according to the effects of sustainability and technology on the form of working. Flexibility is one of the most influential elements affecting the change of workplaces. Flexible workplaces are designed to strengthen the communication and to support the horizontal organizational structure. Open office areas are planned to meet the need for activities such as relaxation, conversation, meeting, concentration, and teamwork. In the era of the knowledge society and technology, organizations increasingly prefer smart buildings and flexible workplaces as their work environments. As a result, there is a growing literature, especially in North America and northern Europe, on the impact of flexible workplace design and indoor quality on employee satisfaction, productivity, and work quality. However, such studies are still limited in Turkey. To fill the gap, this research focuses on a flexible workplace located in a LEED -certified building in Istanbul. A post-occupancy evaluation was conducted in this office. Data collection methods included questionnaires, interviews, and participant observations. The data was analyzed based on the employees’ satisfaction from the flexible workplace.Publisher versio

Performance Comparison of Independence Tests in Two-Way Contingency Table

Several test statistics are available for testing the independence of categorical variables from two-way contingency tables. A vast majority of published articles used the Pearson’s chi-squared test for such purposes; however, this test statistic may lead to biased conclusions under certain conditions. Therefore, we aimed to compare the performance of test statistics via a comprehensive simulation study considering several factors in contingency tables. We also evaluated the performance of each test statistic on a real-life dataset. This study contributes to the literature guiding researchers to select an appropriate test statistic under different conditions

Model based process optimization of enhanced wastewater treatment plants

Avrupa Birliği’ne uyum sürecinde ele alınan atık sorunu kapsamında, alıcı ortamlara yapılacak deşarjlarda konvansiyonal parametrelerin yanısıra azot ve fosfor (besi maddesi) parametrelerinin de belli standart değerlerin altına indirilmesi gerekli hale gelmiştir. Bu nedenle, “Kentsel Atıksu Arıtımı Yönetmeliği, 2006” ile uyum sürecinde olan ülkemizde azot ve fosfor standartları mevzuatımıza dâhil edilmiştir. “Kentsel Atıksu Arıtımı Yönetmeliği, 2006” kapsamında mevcut tesislerin besi maddesi giderimine yönelik olarak geliştirilmesi, yeni kurulacak tesislerin ise besi maddesi giderecek şekilde en uygun arıtma teknolojisi kavramı çerçevesinde boyutlandırılması gereklidir. Besi maddesi giderimine yönelik en uygun arıtma teknolojisi biyolojik prosesler, bunlar arasında en ekonomik çözüm ise aktif çamur sistemleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma aktif çamur tesislerinin, Avrupa Birliği normlarında performansını sağlayabilecek optimum tasarım ve işletme süreçlerinin değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, bir örnek olarak ele alınan İstanbul Su ve Kanalizasyon İdaresi (İSKİ) Paşaköy İleri Biyolojik Atıksu Arıtma Tesisi’nde mevcut durumda atıksu karakterizasyonu ve sistem performansı deneysel olarak belirlenmiş, elde edilen bilgiler kullanılarak sürekli kullanıma uygun olacak model-bazlı tasarım ile işletme simülasyon programları hazırlanmış ve işletme optimizasyonu çerçevesinde çıkış besi maddesi konsantrasyonlarının düşürülmesi amacıyla işletme senaryoları oluşturularak önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Yürütülen senaryo analizleri ile, havalandırma tanklarındaki çözünmüş oksijen seviyelerinin uygun ayarlanması, tesisin geri devir denitrifikasyonu prensibi yerine A2O veya UCT tipi sistem şeklinde işletilmesi ile sistem veriminin arttırılabileceği ve dolayısıyla çıkış besi maddesi konsantrasyonlarının azaltılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: İleri biyolojik atıksu arıtma tesisi, atıksu karakterizasyonu, model-bazlı tasarım, işletme optimizasyonu.The Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive published in the Official Gazette No. 26047 of 08.01.2006 was adapted from the “The Council Directive (91/271/EEC)” concerning urban waste-water treatment was accepted in European Union Countries, which imposes enforcements about the collection and treatment of wastewater. This directive requires that also nitrogen and phosphorus (nutrients) to be removed together with the conventional parameters. In this context, it is very important to follow and apply the technological advances while the harmonization of legislations in Turkey with European Union Standards. Mathematical models are frequently used for the design and optimum operation of wastewater treatment systems. In order to use the activated sludge models for the process design and control, it is crucial to understand the behavior of complex biological reactions under steady and dynamic conditions. The initial step for the use of models should be, a model calibration according to the data obtained from the treatment plant and an analysis of the behavior of the treatment plant under dynamic influent and environmental conditions (Vanrolleghem et al., 2003). After the calibration of the prepared model according to the operational conditions of the treatment plant, the model can be used for the optimization of the plant, meeting the effluent quality standards, minimizing operational costs and for developing appropriate process control strategies. On the other hand the effect of changes in the process conditions on the model stability should be taken into consideration (Insel et al., 2007). The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimum design and operational criteria of advanced biological wastewater treatment plants by applying international monitoring and evaluation mechanisms that will increase the performance to norms required in the European Union. Accordingly, İSKİ Paşaköy Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant (ABWWTP) was chosen as a model plant and in the first stage on influent wastewater characterization, chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation and performance of the activated sludge system were experimentally determined. In the second stage, using the dimensions of the İSKİ Paşaköy ABWWTP units and the experimentally determined operational parameters, model calibration studies were conducted. On this context, theoretical parameters of model-based design and operational simulation programs applied for the plant were evaluated. In the last stage of the study, for operational optimization, according to the results obtained from the experimental and simulation studies conducted at İSKİ Paşaköy ABWWTP, operational scenarios were developed and suggestions were made. In the scenario analysis reduction of effluent phosphorus and total nitrogen concentration was aimed and the effect of (i) the aeration system control, (ii) recycle denitrification (iii) influent VFA concentration was analyzed and the effect of (iv) different system configurations was evaluated. The results of statistical data analysis of wastewater characterization studies conducted at İSKİ Paşaköy Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant aiming nitrogen and phosphorus removal revealed that due to low influent Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), Total Phosphorus (TP) and Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) concentrations, high efficiencies of biological phosphorus removal was not achievable. According to the scenario analysis performed for the treatment plant it has been concluded that it is possible to increase the removal efficiency of the system and achieve lower effluent total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations by setting the dissolved oxygen levels to appropriate levels and operating the systems as an A2O or a UCT type system instead of a recycle denitrification system. It has been concluded that if the scenario analyses were applied it is not possible to meet the European Union Effluent Quality Standard of 1.0 mg/l for the phosphorus parameter. Experimental and model based studies have to be conducted for the installation of a fermentation process together with different system configurations that are required to meet the effluent quality standard by biological treatment. Keywords: Paşaköy wastewater treatment plant, wastewater characterization, model based optimization, process control

Diagnosis of comorbid migraine without aura in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy based on the gray zone approach to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 criteria

BackgroundMigraine without aura (MwoA) is a very frequent and remarkable comorbidity in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy (I/GE). Frequently in clinical practice, diagnosis of MwoA may be challenging despite the guidance of current diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 (ICHD-3). In this study, we aimed to disclose the diagnostic gaps in the diagnosis of comorbid MwoA, using a zone concept, in patients with I/GEs with headaches who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert.MethodsIn this multicenter study including 809 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of I/GE with or without headache, 163 patients who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert as having a comorbid MwoA were reevaluated. Eligible patients were divided into three subgroups, namely, full diagnosis, zone I, and zone II according to their status of fulfilling the ICHD-3 criteria. A Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was performed to bring out the meaningful predictors when evaluating patients with I/GEs for MwoA comorbidity, using the variables that were significant in the univariate analysis.ResultsLonger headache duration (<4 h) followed by throbbing pain, higher visual analog scale (VAS) scores, increase of pain by physical activity, nausea/vomiting, and photophobia and/or phonophobia are the main distinguishing clinical characteristics of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GE, for being classified in the full diagnosis group. Despite being not a part of the main ICHD-3 criteria, the presence of associated symptoms mainly osmophobia and also vertigo/dizziness had the distinguishing capability of being classified into zone subgroups. The most common epilepsy syndromes fulfilling full diagnosis criteria (n = 62) in the CART analysis were 48.39% Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy followed by 25.81% epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone.ConclusionLonger headache duration, throbbing pain, increase of pain by physical activity, photophobia and/or phonophobia, presence of vertigo/dizziness, osmophobia, and higher VAS scores are the main supportive associated factors when applying the ICHD-3 criteria for the comorbid MwoA diagnosis in patients with I/GEs. Evaluating these characteristics could be helpful to close the diagnostic gaps in everyday clinical practice and fasten the diagnostic process of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GEs

Türkpetrol Vakfı Koleksiyonu’ndaki yazma eserler ve yazı âletleri

ÖZETTürk sanatının gelişmesi ve Türk sanat eserlerinin korunmasını esas gâye edinmiş olan Türkpetrol Vakfı, 1969’da A. Aydın Bolak’ın (1925–2004) girişimleri ile kurulmuş, 1978 senesinden îtibâren koleksiyonunu oluşturmaya başlamıştır. Türkpetrol Vakfı Koleksiyonu’ndaki Yazma Eserler ve Yazı Âletleri başlıklı tezimiz, beş ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk üç bölümde, hat, tezhip, cild sanatı ve bu sanatlarda kullanılan âlet ve malzemeler ile ilgili genel bilgiler verilmiştir. IV. bölümde, koleksiyonda eseri olan ve adını belirleyebildiğimiz sanatkârlarla ilgili biyografik yazılara yer verilmiştir. V. Bölüm, katalog çalışmamızı içermektedir. Türkpetrol Vakfı Yazma Eser Koleksiyonu’nda; 71 aded eser vardır. Bunlardan 64 adedi kitap, 7 adedi murakkaadır. Kitaplar bölümünde 33 aded mushaf, 9 aded Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’den bâzı sûreler içeren kitaplar, 5 aded duâ mecmûası, 4 aded vakfiye, 2 aded Delâil-i Şerîf, 2 aded Fetvâ Mecmûası, 1 aded mushaf sayfası, 1 aded Mesnevî-i Şerîf, 1 aded Hümâyunnâme, 1 aded Bostân, 1 aded Gülistân, 1 aded Kādirî Evrâdı, 1 aded Muhammediye, 1 aded Kıraat İcâzetnâmesi vardır. Murakkaalar bölümünde 4 aded düz murakaa, 3 aded körüklü murakkaa mevcuttur. Türkpetrol Vakfı Koleksiyonu’ndaki Cildler ve Kitap Mahfazaları Kataloğu’nda 5 aded kitap kabı, 9 aded kitap mahfazası, 2 aded murakkaa kutusu ve 1 aded murakkaa kabı; Yazı Âletleri ve Cild Kalıpları Kataloğu’nda 108 aded yazı âlet ve malzemesi, 162 aded cild bezeme sanatında kullanılan âlet ve malzeme; Muhtelif Eserler Kataloğu’nda 1 aded ruganî tezhipli yay, 1 aded şemse cüzdan ve Hattat Sâmi Efendi’ye (1838–1912) âit ince marangozluk âletleri ve sigara takımı incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, tez konumuzun sınırları içinde olan eserler tek tek incelenmiş, eb’adı, ait oldukları dönem, imzâları okunabilenlerin sanatkârları, belirlenmiştir. Yazma eserler sayfa sayfa incelenmiş, istinsah yeri ve tarihi, varsa müellifi, dili, yazı cinsi, satır/sütun sayısı, varak sayısı, kâğıt ve mürekkep cinsi, bezemeli sayfaları tesbit edilmiştir. Bezemelerin yapıldıkları dönem, motif, desen ve renk anlayışı, kullanılan teknikler belirlenip değerlendirilmiştir. Kitap kaplarının malzemesi, bezemelerinde kullanılan teknikler de tesbit edilmiştir. Sonuç, kaynakça, fotoğraf listesi ve kısaltmalar, tezin en sonunda yer almaktadır. SUMMARY Foundation of Türkpetrol, whose sole aim is to develop Turkish art and to preserve Turkish work of arts, was founded in 1969 by the initiatives of Aydın Bolak (1925-2004) and have commenced to constitute its collection since the year 1978. In our Foundation of Türkpetrol Collection, Manuscripts and Calligraphy Tools titled thesis consists of 5 principal parts. First three parts present general information about calligraphy, art of book illumination, bookbinding and the tools and materials that are used in these arts. Part four includes biographies of the artists whose names we were able to define and whose creations are in the collection. Part five includes our catalogue works. In Foundation of Türkpetrol’s Manuscript Collection, there are 71 masterpieces. 64 of those are books, 7 of them are murakkaas. In the book section, there are 33 mushafs, 9 books that include some sûres from Kur’ân-ı Kerîm, 5 journals of pray, 4 vakfiyes, 2 Delâil-i şerîfs, 2 journals of Fetvâ, a page of mushaf, a Mesnevî-i Şerîf, a Hümâyunnâme, a Bostân, a Gülistân, a Kādirî Evrâdı, a Muhammediye and a licence of Kıraat. In Murakka section, there are 4 plain murakkaas and 3 hooded murakkaas. In Foundation of Türkpetrol Collection’s Catalogue of Covers and Book Cases, 5 book covers, 9 book cases, 2 murakkaa boxes, a murakkaa cover. In the Catalogue of Calligraphy Tools and Cover Patterns; 108 calligraphy tools and materials, 162 tools that are used in bookbinding. In the Various Works of Arts’s Catalogue; a lacquered ornamented bow, a şemse wallet, and slim carpenter tools that belongs to Hattat Sâmi Efendi (1838–1912) and a cigarette case are examined.In this study, the work of arts that are included in our thesis subject are examined one by one and their sizes, the era to which they belong, their artists whose signatures can be read, are identified. Manuscripts are examined page by page, the place and the time of printing, the author if there is any, the language, the font, the number of lines, the number of varaque pages the type of paper and ink, the ornamental pages are detected.The era in which the ornamentals are done, motives, pattern and colour concepts, the techniques used are identified and evaluated. The materials of the book covers and the techniques that are used in their decorations are also detected. Conclusion, bibliography, list of the pictures and abbreviations are located at the end of the thesis

Türkpetrol Vakfı Koleksiyonu’ndaki yazma eserler ve yazı âletleri

Türk sanatının gelişmesi ve Türk sanat eserlerinin korunmasını esas gâye edinmiş olan Türkpetrol Vakfı, 1969’da A. Aydın Bolak’ın (1925–2004) girişimleri ile kurulmuş, 1978 senesinden îtibâren koleksiyonunu oluşturmaya başlamıştır. Türkpetrol Vakfı Koleksiyonu’ndaki Yazma Eserler ve Yazı Âletleri başlıklı tezimiz, beş ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk üç bölümde, hat, tezhip, cild sanatı ve bu sanatlarda kullanılan âlet ve malzemeler ile ilgili genel bilgiler verilmiştir. IV. bölümde, koleksiyonda eseri olan ve adını belirleyebildiğimiz sanatkârlarla ilgili biyografik yazılara yer verilmiştir. V. Bölüm, katalog çalışmamızı içermektedir. Türkpetrol Vakfı Yazma Eser Koleksiyonu’nda; 71 aded eser vardır. Bunlardan 64 adedi kitap, 7 adedi murakkaadır. Kitaplar bölümünde 33 aded mushaf, 9 aded Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’den bâzı sûreler içeren kitaplar, 5 aded duâ mecmûası, 4 aded vakfiye, 2 aded Delâil-i Şerîf, 2 aded Fetvâ Mecmûası, 1 aded mushaf sayfası, 1 aded Mesnevî-i Şerîf, 1 aded Hümâyunnâme, 1 aded Bostân, 1 aded Gülistân, 1 aded Kādirî Evrâdı, 1 aded Muhammediye, 1 aded Kıraat İcâzetnâmesi vardır. Murakkaalar bölümünde 4 aded düz murakaa, 3 aded körüklü murakkaa mevcuttur. Türkpetrol Vakfı Koleksiyonu’ndaki Cildler ve Kitap Mahfazaları Kataloğu’nda 5 aded kitap kabı, 9 aded kitap mahfazası, 2 aded murakkaa kutusu ve 1 aded murakkaa kabı; Yazı Âletleri ve Cild Kalıpları Kataloğu’nda 108 aded yazı âlet ve malzemesi, 162 aded cild bezeme sanatında kullanılan âlet ve malzeme; Muhtelif Eserler Kataloğu’nda 1 aded ruganî tezhipli yay, 1 aded şemse cüzdan ve Hattat Sâmi Efendi’ye (1838–1912) âit ince marangozluk âletleri ve sigara takımı incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, tez konumuzun sınırları içinde olan eserler tek tek incelenmiş, eb’adı, ait oldukları dönem, imzâları okunabilenlerin sanatkârları, belirlenmiştir. Yazma eserler sayfa sayfa incelenmiş, istinsah yeri ve tarihi, varsa müellifi, dili, yazı cinsi, satır/sütun sayısı, varak sayısı, kâğıt ve mürekkep cinsi, bezemeli sayfaları tesbit edilmiştir. Bezemelerin yapıldıkları dönem, motif, desen ve renk anlayışı, kullanılan teknikler belirlenip değerlendirilmiştir. Kitap kaplarının malzemesi, bezemelerinde kullanılan teknikler de tesbit edilmiştir. Sonuç, kaynakça, fotoğraf listesi ve kısaltmalar, tezin en sonunda yer almaktadır. SUMMARY Foundation of Türkpetrol, whose sole aim is to develop Turkish art and to preserve Turkish work of arts, was founded in 1969 by the initiatives of Aydın Bolak (1925-2004) and have commenced to constitute its collection since the year 1978. In our Foundation of Türkpetrol Collection, Manuscripts and Calligraphy Tools titled thesis consists of 5 principal parts. First three parts present general information about calligraphy, art of book illumination, bookbinding and the tools and materials that are used in these arts. Part four includes biographies of the artists whose names we were able to define and whose creations are in the collection. Part five includes our catalogue works. In Foundation of Türkpetrol’s Manuscript Collection, there are 71 masterpieces. 64 of those are books, 7 of them are murakkaas. In the book section, there are 33 mushafs, 9 books that include some sûres from Kur’ân-ı Kerîm, 5 journals of pray, 4 vakfiyes, 2 Delâil-i şerîfs, 2 journals of Fetvâ, a page of mushaf, a Mesnevî-i Şerîf, a Hümâyunnâme, a Bostân, a Gülistân, a Kādirî Evrâdı, a Muhammediye and a licence of Kıraat. In Murakka section, there are 4 plain murakkaas and 3 hooded murakkaas. In Foundation of Türkpetrol Collection’s Catalogue of Covers and Book Cases, 5 book covers, 9 book cases, 2 murakkaa boxes, a murakkaa cover. In the Catalogue of Calligraphy Tools and Cover Patterns; 108 calligraphy tools and materials, 162 tools that are used in bookbinding. In the Various Works of Arts’s Catalogue; a lacquered ornamented bow, a şemse wallet, and slim carpenter tools that belongs to Hattat Sâmi Efendi (1838–1912) and a cigarette case are examined. In this study, the work of arts that are included in our thesis subject are examined one by one and their sizes, the era to which they belong, their artists whose signatures can be read, are identified. Manuscripts are examined page by page, the place and the time of printing, the author if there is any, the language, the font, the number of lines, the number of varaque pages the type of paper and ink, the ornamental pages are detected. The era in which the ornamentals are done, motives, pattern and colour concepts, the techniques used are identified and evaluated. The materials of the book covers and the techniques that are used in their decorations are also detected. Conclusion, bibliography, list of the pictures and abbreviations are located at the end of the thesis

Tezhip sanatında Sultan III. Selim dönemi (1789-1807)

ÖZETOsmanlı Devleti’nde “Batılılaşma” olarak adlandırılan hareketin ilk dönemlerinden olan; sosyal, siyâsî ve askerî alanda birçok ıslahatın yapıldığı; şartlar gereği Batı ile ilişkilerin yeniden düzenlendiği Sultan III. Selim Dönemi, sanat eserleri açısından da dikkat çekicidir. Çalışmamızın amacı bu devrin tezhip sanatını uygulanan teknik, renk, kullanılan malzeme, motif ve desen tasarımı açısından inceleyip değerlendirmek ve tezhip sanatı ile irtibatlı olarak diğer tezyînî sanatlarla birlikte bir üslûp birliğinin varlığını tespit etmektir. İkinci bölüm katalog çalışmasıdır. Burada 23 eser incelenmiştir. İstanbul Üniversitesi Nâdir Eserler Kütüphânesi, Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Kütüphânesi ve Arşivi, Türkpetrol Vakfı Koleksiyonu, Süleymâniye Kütüphânesi, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri’nden Abdurrahmanü’l-Uveys Koleksiyonu, Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi, DEMSA Koleksiyonu ve Millet Yazma Eser Kütüphânesi’nden seçilen eserler, tezhip sanatı açısından detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmış, fotoğraf ve çizimlerle anlatılmıştır. Katalogdaki yazma eserler sayfa sayfa incelenmiş, istinsah yeri ve tarihi, varsa müellifi ve sanatkârları, dili, yazı cinsi, satır/sütun sayısı, varak sayısı, kâğıt ve mürekkep cinsi, bezemeli sayfaları tesbit edilmiştir. Bezemelerdeki motif, desen ve renk anlayışı, kullanılan teknikler belirlenmiştir. Üçüncü bölüm olan Değerlendirme’de III. Selim Dönemi tezhîbînin, baş ve son devreleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca dönem tezhîbi kendinden önceki ve sonraki dönemler ile karşılaştırılmış; görülen rokoko ve barok üslûbundaki motif ve desenler ile Avrupa kaynaklı eserlerdeki bezemeler karşılaştırılıp aralarındaki benzerliklere dikkat çekilmiş; devrin tezyînî sanatlarındaki benzerlikler örneklerle ortaya konmuştur. Tezhip sanatında kullanılan malzeme, teknik, renkler, kompozisyon çeşitleri, motifler, sayfa tasarımları, sûrebaşları/fasılbaşları, satır arası tezhîbi/beyne’s-sütûr, pervazlar, Mushaf gülleri, duraklar ve tığlar görsel malzemelerle desteklenerek incelenmiştir. Kısaltmalar Giriş bölümünden önce; Sonuç, Kaynakça, Görsel Malzeme Listesi ve Özgeçmiş tezin en sonunda yer almaktadır. ABSTRACTThe period of Sultan Selim III which was one of the early stages of the movement named as westernization in the Ottomon Empire; social, politics and military affairs, where relations with the west have been rearranged is also striking in terms of works of art. The aim of our work is to examine and to evaluate art of book illumination in terms of applied technique, colour ,used material , motif and pattern design and to determine the existence of a stylistic union with other decorative arts.Our thesis named as “In The Art of Book Illumination, The Period of Sultan Selim III (1789-1807)” consists of three main sections. In the first section, the years of being a prince in Selim’s life, his education and personality, years of Sultanate, culture and art environment of the period were handled with general lines; literary, musical and architectural studies are also mentioned. In this period, how and in what ways Western influences seen in Turkish decoration were brought to Turkey, the situation of the Nakkaşhâne (İmperial Studio) and artisans were also inforomed. Under the title of " Art of book illumination and the other decorative arts in the period of Sultan Selim III”, art of book illumination bookbinding, miniature and painting art, wall paintings, glass art, art of metalworking and stone work in this period, applied designs are explained with photographed examples. The second section is about the catalog work. 23 works of art have been examined here. Selected works from Istanbul University Library Maintaining a Rare Collection of Manuscripts, Topkapı Palace Museum Library and Archive, Türkpetrol Foundation Collection, Süleymâniye Library, Abdurrahmanü'l-Uveys Collection from United Arab Emirates, Prime Ministry Ottoman Archive, DEMSA Collection and Millet Library Maintaining Manuscripts have been handled with details in terms of the art of book illumination and are described with photographs and drawings. The manuscripts were examined and language, writing style, number of lines / columns, number of leaves, type of paper and ink, decorated pages, motifs, designs, colors, techniques used have been determined. In the third section, art of book illumination of the period is compared with the former and the following periods. In addıtıon early and late terms of this period are compared