2-[(2-Bromo­phen­yl)imino­meth­yl]-6-methyl­phenol

In the title compound, C14H12BrNO, is a Schiff base which adopts the phenol–imine tautomeric form in the solid state. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 34.26 (9)° and an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring

Timokinon uygulamasının ratların pankreas dokusunda somatostatin salgısı üzerine etkileri]

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of thymoquinone (TQ), which is the bioactive phytochemical constituent of the seeds oil of Nigella sativa, on somatostatin secretion in the rat pancreatic tissue by immunohistochemical method. Animals (n=30) were divided into 3 groups as follows: control, sham and thymoquinone. While Thymoquinone group received 8 mg/kg of TQ which injected for 14 days, only isotonic saline was injected to the sham group for same time. The control group received nothing. Crossman's triple staining was applied to tissue sections to examine histology. Streptavidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex method was used to investigate somatostatin immunoreactivity in the pancreatic tissue. Specific somatostatin immunoreactivities were observed in endocrine cells (islets of Langerhans) in all groups. It was determined that somatostatin secretion increased in the thymoquinone group compared to control and sham. In conclusion, thymoquinone administration was concluded to increase the secretion of somatostatin that is known to regulate certain hormones such as growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, secretin and gastrin.Namik Kemal University Commission for the Scientific Research (NKUBAP)Namik Kemal University [NKUBAP.00.M9.AR.14.02]This study was supported by Namik Kemal University Commission for the Scientific Research (NKUBAP) (Project No. NKUBAP.00.M9.AR.14.02

Diyabetik Ratlarda Fesleğen (Ocimum sanctum) Uygulamasının Böbrek Dokusunda Tümör Nekrozis Faktör-α ve İnterlökin 1β Salınımı Üzerine Etkileri

This study aims to examine the changes of the Ocimum sanctum treatment on the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) in the kidney tissue of the rats, in which the experimental diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ). Forty Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into 5 groups: Diabetes, Diabetes + Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum sanctum, Control, and Sham. The immunohistochemical localization of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in the kidney tissue was determined by using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method. Strong TNF-alpha immunoreactivity was determined in the renal cortex of the rats in the Diabetes and Diabetes + Ocimum sanctum groups on 14th days, low immunoreactivity was determined in the rats in Ocimum sanctum, Sham, and Control groups. While strong IL-1 beta immunoreactivity was observed in the renal cortex of the Diabetes group, moderate IL-1 beta immunoreactivity was observed in the renal cortex of the Diabetes + Ocimum sanctum and low immunoreactivity was determined in the Ocimum sanctum, Sham, and Control groups. In this study, it was assessed how the polymorphisms, occurring in the cytokine genes of Ocimum sanctum in the rats, in which experimental diabetes was induced, and TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, which was demonstrated to have an important role in the complication development in the diabetic patients affected the renal tissue.Ondokuz Mayis UniversityOndokuz Mayis UniversityHistopathological results was evaluation Prof. Dr. Mahmut Sozmen in the patology Depertment Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University. Thanks to Mahmut Sozmen for contribution

Hızlı Otomatik İsimlendirme ve Okuduğunu Anlama İlişkisinde Okuma Becerisinin Aracılık Etkisi

This study aims to explore the explanatory and predictive relations between Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) and Reading and Comprehension Skills in a structural model and to examine the mediatory status of reading skills in a possible relationship. The participants of the research were 177 primary school second-grade students (98 girls and 79 boys) attending a state primary school in a city center of the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. The structural equation modeling was utilized as latent variables were tested in the study, and it allowed for identifying the error in the variables. As the analysis results showed, it is argued that RAN has a directly predictive effect on the reading skill and the reading skill strongly predicts the comprehension skill. It was also seen that the reading skill had a fully mediatory role in the relationship between RAN and comprehension. It can be argued according to the results that students with better RAN performance have better reading skills and students with good reading skills achieve better reading comprehension.Bu çalışma ile Hızlı Otomatik İsimlendirme (HOİ), Okuma ve Anlama becerileri arasındaki açıklayıcı ve yordayıcı ilişkilerin bir yapısal model üzerinde ortaya konması ve olası ilişkide, okuma becerilerinin aracılık durumunun incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını, Türkiye’nin Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan bir il merkezindeki bir devlet ilkokulunda öğrenimlerini sürdüren 98’i kız, 79’u erkek olmak üzere toplam 177 ikinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada test edilen değişkenlerin gizil olmasından ve değişkenlerdeki hatanın belirlenmesine olanak sağladığından dolayı yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre HOİ’nin okuma becerisi üzerinde doğrudan yordayıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu; okuma becerisinin ise anlama becerisi üzerinde oldukça güçlü bir yordayıcı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, okuma becerisinin HOİ ve anlama arasındaki ilişkide tam aracı bir role sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlara göre daha iyi HOİ performansına sahip olan öğrencilerin okuma becerilerinin de iyi olduğu; iyi okuma becerisine sahip öğrencilerin de okuduklarını daha iyi anladıkları ileri sürülebilir

Malathion ve Onosma nigricaule (Boraginaceae)'nin fare böbrek dokusunda katalaz (CAT) ve süperoksit dismutaz-2 (Mn-SOD) salınımı üzerine etkileri]

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the plant extract, which is obtained from Onosma nigricaule due to the oxidation parameters caused in mice by malathion that is used as an insecticide in agriculture, on catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase-2 (Mn-SOD) in kidney tissues by immunohistochemical technique. A total of 48 male mice (Mus musculus) were used in our study. Mice were divided 6 groups (control group, maize oil group, normal saline group, Onosma nigricaule group, malathion group, Onosma nigrcaule+malathion group). Hematoxylin-eosin and triple staining methods were used for histological and pathological examinations. The localization of CAT and Mn-SOD in the renal tissue was determined using the method of streptavidinbiotin- peroxidase. CAT immunoreactivity was determined with a weak intensity in epithelium of renal tubulus proximalis of mice in the malathion group, with a moderate intensity in Onosma nigricaule+ malathion group and with a higher intensity in tubulus proximalis of other groups. A cytoplasmic Mn-SOD immunoreactivity was determined with weak intensity in renal medulla of mice in malathion group, with moderate intensity in renal medulla of mice in Onosma nigricaule plant extract+ malathion group, maize oil group, and normal saline group and with highly intensity in control and Onosma nigricaule groups. It was concluded that Onosma nigricaule might play a protective role as an antioxidant against the oxidant features of malathion.Kafkas University, BAPKafkas University [2013-KSYO-78]This research was supported by a grant from the Kafkas University, BAP (Project No: 2013-KSYO-78

2-[(E)-2-Hy­droxy-5-(trifluoro­meth­oxy)benzyl­idene­amino]-4-methyl­phenol

The title compound, C15H12F3NO3, is a Schiff base which adopts the cis-quinoid form in the solid state. The dihedral angle between the least-squares planes of the benzene rings being 3.6 (1)°. The F atoms of the –CF3 group are disordered over two sets of sites with refined occupancies of 0.61 (5) and 0.39 (5). An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

The Types of Injury, Regions and Frequency in Athletes Participating Universities Taekwondo Championchip

This study aims to determine the rates of injuries, the types of injuries and what part of the body is mostly injured in professional taekwondo sportsmen during competitions. This study involves 287 sportsmen participated in the interuniversity Taekwando championship in Ordu. Injuries during a match of the championship was determined by a team. The characteristics and types of injuries, the sportsmen’s verbal expressions were registered by a pre-determined team, and it was mentioned about how these injuries occurred, in which part of the body the injuries were seen. Among 287 sportsmen in this study, 178 sportsmen were male, 109 ones were female. 46 universities took part in this championship. The championship lasted three days and total 271 competitions were done. 539 injuries were determined in total. The mostly seen type of injury was hematoma (43%), the mostly injured part was in lower extremities 416 (77%), most of the injuries were ones seen in defense (36%). No injuries were not observed in neck, shoulder, spine or trunk and cerebral injuries were not also observed. As a result of the study, it was explained that most of the injuries seen in the taekwondo competitions did not require the medical intervention and the lower extremities were mostly injured in these competitions. In the light of these findings, it could be said that these parts be protected during the competitions and the defense techniques be different

Kızıl tilkilerde (vulpes vulpes) testis, penis ve prostat’ın arteriyel vaskülarizasyonu, makroanatomik ve histolojik yapısı

The aim of this study was to examine arterial vascularization and the macroanatomic and histological structures of the testis, penis, and prostate gland in the red fox. Five male red foxes were provided by the Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center of Kafkas University, Turkey. The arteries supplying the prostate, penis, and testes in the animals were exposed by dissection, the mean length, width, and weight of these organs were measured. After the anatomical features of the testis, penis, and prostate were assessed, tissue samples of each blocked in paraffin then handling standard histological procedures. The internal iliac artery was divided into two branches the caudal gluteal artery, which is the thicker branch and leads dorsally, and the internal pudendal artery, which is the thinner branch and leads ventrally. The testicular artery is asymmetrically separated from both sides of the abdominal aorta at the 5th lumbar vertebra, passes through the spermatic canal, and ends in the testes. It is thought that the findings of this study will contribute information to the literature on artificial insemination, castration, prostate, and urolithiasis surgeries on carnivores.Bu çalışmanın amacı kızıl tilkilerde testis, penis ve prostat’ın arteriyel vaskularizasyonu, makroanatomik ve histolojik yapısını incelemektir. Kafkas Üniversitesi Yaban Hayatı Koruma ve Kurtarma Merkezi’nden 5 adet erkek kızıl tilki temin edildi. Testis, penis ve prostat’ı besleyen arterler diseke edildi. Bu organların ortalama uzunluğu, genişliği, ağırlığı ölçüldü. Testis, penis ve prostat’ın anatomik özellikleri değerlendirildikten doku örneklerine standart histolojik prosedür uygulanarak parafinde bloklandı. İnternal iliac arter, daha kalın dorsal’e yönelen caudal gluteal arter ve daha ince ventral’e yönelen internal pudendal arter olarak ikiye ayrılıyordu. A. testicularis’ler L5 hizasında abdominal aorta’nın iki tarafından asimetrik olarak ayrılıyordu. Spermatik kanal boyunca seyredip testislerde sonlanıyordu. Sunulan çalışmanın bulgularının kızıl tilkiler ve carnivorlarda yapılacak olan suni tohumlama, kastrasyon, prostat ve ürolithiasis operasyonlarına katkıda bulunacağına inanmaktayız

Türkiye’de Yükseköğretimin Uluslararasılaşması: Bir Endeks Oluşturma Çalışması

The aim of this study is to test the validity and reliability of the Internationalization Index of Higher Education in Turkey, which provides a ranking of institutions of higher education in Turkey according to their degree of internationalization. The item discrimination, construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses), and internal consistencies of the index’s indicators and subindicators were tested using data obtained from 300 faculty members. The findings obtained showed that the index was made up of five indicators—(i) university research performance, (ii) curricular efficiency, (iii) international linkages, (iv) student support, and (v) urban sufficiency—as well as of 33 subindicators, and that the index was valid and reliable. The study then made use of the Delphi method to establish the weight of the index’s indicators and subindicators. In sum, it can be said that the study effectively constitutes a proof toward utilization of the Internationalization Index of Higher Education in Turkey for the ranking of institutions of higher education in terms of internationalization.Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de yükseköğretim kurumlarının uluslararasılaşma derecelerine göre sıralanmasını sağlayan Türkiye’de Yükseköğretimin Uluslararasılaşma Endeksinin geçerlik ve güvenirliğini sınamaktır. Endeks gösterge ve alt göstergelerinin madde ayırt ediciliği, yapı geçerliği (açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi) ve iç tutarlıkları 300 öğretim üyesinden elde edilen veriler kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular endeksin, (i) üniversite araştırma performansı, (ii) eğitim programı yeterliği, (iii) uluslararası bağlantılar, (iv) öğrenci desteği ve (v) şehir yeterliği olmak üzere beş gösterge ve 33 alt göstergeden oluştuğunu, geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışmada daha sonra Delphi tekniği kullanılarak endeks gösterge ve alt göstergelerinin ağırlıkları belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye’de Yükseköğretimin Uluslararasılaşma Endeksi’nin yükseköğretim kurumlarının uluslararasılaşmalarına göre sıralanmasına yönelik olarak kullanılması için bir kanıt niteliğinde olduğu söylenebilir

Staging of Schizophrenia with the Use of PANSS: An International Multi-Center Study

Introduction: A specific clinically relevant staging model for schizophrenia has not yet been developed. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the factor structure of the PANSS and develop such a staging method.Methods: Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries contributed 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Analysis of covariance, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Discriminant Function Analysis, and inspection of resultant plots were performed.Results: Exploratory Factor Analysis returned 5 factors explaining 59% of the variance (positive, negative, excitement/hostility, depression/anxiety, and neurocognition). The staging model included 4 main stages with substages that were predominantly characterized by a single domain of symptoms (stage 1: positive; stages 2a and 2b: excitement/hostility; stage 3a and 3b: depression/anxiety; stage 4a and 4b: neurocognition). There were no differences between sexes. The Discriminant Function Analysis developed an algorithm that correctly classified >85% of patients.Discussion: This study elaborates a 5-factor solution and a clinical staging method for patients with schizophrenia. It is the largest study to address these issues among patients who are more likely to remain affiliated with mental health services for prolonged periods of time.<br /