‘More than Just Waste Paper’ – It Could Be an Indicator of a Stereotypical Image of a Scientist

The purpose of this study was to investigate the meanings assigned by pre-service teachers to the wastepaper basket and waste (crumpled) papers in their drawings of a scientist. The study was carried out with 220 pre-service teachers during the 2015-2016 academic years. A phenomenological research method was used. First, the pre-service teachers were administered the ‘Draw-A-Scientist Test’ in order to identify their images of a scientist and then they were asked to describe and explain the scientist they drew. And a semi-structured interview was performed with the 34 pre-service teachers who included a wastepaper basket and waste paper in their drawings in order to identify the meanings assigned to the wastepaper and wastepaper basket by these teachers. The data were analysed by using content analysis. The results of the analysis showed that with these figures the pre-service teachers revealed their belief that when scientists conduct research, they follow a confirmatory experimental process in a similar manner to the way school science experiments. Based on these results, it can be suggested in the analysis of the drawings that waste paper and wastepaper baskets can be regarded as indicators of the stereotypical image of scientists and of the scientific method they use

Prevention of Pleural Adhesions Using a Membrane Containing Polyethylene Glycol in Rats

Background: Recurrent thoracotomies regardless of the cause are not a rare occurrence. However, each thoracotomy results in adhesion to some extent. This adhesions increase morbidity and mortality presents a significant inconvenience for surgeons and prolongs the length of operations

An intrapleural adhesion impediment model by using a membrane consisted of polyethyleneglycol after thoracotomy

Tıbbi teknolojideki gelişmeler sayesinde maligniteler erkenden saptanabilmekte ve hastaların cerrahi tedaviden faydalanmaları artmaktadır. Dünyada ve kliniğimizde bir hasta için herhangi bir nedenden dolayı üçten fazla tekrarlayan torakotomi uygulaması nadir değildir. Her cerrahi girişim az ya da çok yapışıklıkla sonuçlanır. Ancak batın cerrahisinin aksine göğüs cerrahisindeki yapışıklıklar erken dönem ciddi komplikasyonlara yol açmazken, tekrarlayan torakotomi uygulamalarında morbidite ve mortaliteyi artırmakta, cerrahları oldukça zorlamakta ve ameliyat süresini artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmamızdaki amacımız, yapışıklık engelleyici bir ajan olan Prevadh®'ın rat modelinde etkinliğinin araştırmaktı. Çalışmamızda aynı koloniden 20 adet yetişkin, erkek ve ortalama 250-300 gr ağırlığında Wistar Albino ratlar kullanılmıştır. Ratlar rasgele olarak üç gruba bölünmüştüræ Sham, kontrol ve çalışma grubu (sırasıyla grup A, B ve C). Grup A'ya sadece sol torakotomi yapılmıştır. Grup B'ye sol torakotomi yapılıp yapışıklık modeli oluşturulmuş, Grup C'ye sol torakotomi yapıldıktan sonra yapışıklık modeli oluşturulmuş, plevra ile akciğer arasına Prevadh® yerleştirilmiştir. Yirmi birinci günde ratlar sakrifiye edilmiş ve yapışıklıklar makroskopik ve histopatolojik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sham, kontrol ve çalışma grubunda yapışıklık uzunluk ortalaması sırasıyla 3.0 ± 2.2, 10.0 ± 2.0 ve 0.0 cm bulundu. Yapışıklık şiddeti skoru ortalaması sham, kontrol ve çalışma grubunda sırasıyla 1.5 ± 1.0, 3.4 ± 0.7 ve 1.0 ± 0.0 olarak bulundu. Yapışıklık uzunluk ortalaması bakımından her üç grup arasında istatistiksel anlamlılık saptanırken, yapışıklık şiddeti ortalaması açısından sham-kontrol grubu ve çalışma -kontrol grubu arasında istatistiksel anlamlılık saptanmıştır (p 0.05). Bu sonuçlara göre, makroskopik olarak sham ve kontrol grubunda yapışıklık tespit edilirken, Prevadh® uygulanan çalışma grubunda yapışıklık saptanmamıştır. Kontrol grubunda mezotel çoğalması azalırken, sham ve çalışma grubunda mezotel çoğalması belli bir düzeye ulaşabilmiştir. Sonuç olarak batın cerrahisinde klinik çalışmalarda kullanılan Prevadh®'ın, torakotomi sonrası yapışıklıkları da etkin bir şekilde önlediği rat modellinde gösterilmiştir. Ancak bunun klinik çalışmalarla desteklenmesi gerekmektedir. Thanks to the advances in medical technology, malignancies can be detected earlier and the patients' getting benefits from surgical treatment increase. It is not rare to repeat thoracotomy more than three times due to any reason for a patient both on the world and in our clinic. Every surgical intervention results in an adhesion more or less. Howeveræ unlike abdominal surgery, while the adhesions in chest surgery do not lead to serious early period complications, they increase the morbidity and mortality in repeated thoracotomy applications, and thus create difficulty for surgeons and lengthens the operation time. Our purpose in this study was to investigate the efficiency of Prevadh®, which is an adhesion preventing agent, in a rat model. In our study, 20 adult male Wistar albino rats with a mean weight of 250-300 gr from the same colon were used. Rats were divided into three groups randomlyæ Sham, control and study group (A, B and C respectively). The rats in Group A underwent only left thoracotomy. In Group B, left thoracotomy was performed and an adhesion model was formed. In Group Cæ after performing left thoracotomy, an adhesion model was formed, and Prevadh® was placed between the pleura and lung. Rats were sacrificed on the 21st day, and the adhesions were evaluated macroscopically and histopathologically. The mean adhesion length in Group A and Group B were 3.0 ± 2.2 and 10.0 ± 2.0 cm, while it was 0.0 cm in Group C. The mean score of adhesion intensity in Group A, B and C was found to be 1.5 ± 1.0, 3.4 ± 0.7 and 1.0 ± 0.0 respectively. Though there was a statistically significance among the three groups from the point of mean adhesion length, there was a statistically significance between Group A and Group B, and Group B and Group C from the point of mean adhesion intensity (p 0.05). According to these results, although an adhesion was detected in Group A and Group C macroscopically, no adhesion was observed in the Group C to which Prevadh® was applied. While the multiplication of mesothelium decreases in Group B, it reaches to a certain extent in Group A and Group C. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that Prevadh®, used in clinical studies in abdominal surgery, can efficiently prevent adhesions after thoracotomy in rats. Yet, it should be supported through further clinical studies

The effect of the visiting-scientist approach supported by conceptual change activities on the images of the scientist

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of the visiting-scientist approach supported by conceptual change activities on high school students' images of scientists and perceptions of gender and risks that scientists take. Twenty-five students attending 10th grade in the 2017-2018 academic years participated in the study. A quasi-experimental model with a pretest and a post-test without a control group, one of the quantitative research techniques, was used. In the implementation, activities based on conceptual change and the visiting-scientist approach of were carried out. To determine students' scientist images, A 'Draw-a-Scientist-Test' and a 'Scientist-in-Images-Scale' were administered before and after the implementation, and interviews exploring their drawings were conducted. Similarly, the 'Gender-of-Scientists-Perception-Scale' and 'Risks-of-Being-a-Scientist-Perception-Scale' were conducted to determine students' perceptions of the gender of scientists, and the risks encountered by the scientists. A descriptive analysis approach was used for the analysis of qualitative data collected before and after the implementation, and a Paired-Sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for the analysis of quantitative data. As a result of the analysis, it was found that, after the implementation, students thought of the scientist less stereotypically and their roles less risky than they believed before.Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [118B397]This work was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [Grant Number 118B397].WOS:0006144722000012-s2.0-8510067171

A practical technique in laparoscopic diaphragm pacing surgery: Retrospective analyse of 43 patients

Introduction: Diaphragm pacing stimulation (DPS) is a treatment method used in respiratory failure occurs in diseases such as high-level cervical spinal cord injury, central hypoventilation syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 43 patients, who had undergone DPS implantation surgery were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical technique (Group 1: classical surgical technic and Group 2: modified surgical technic) applied. The patients with previous abdominal surgery or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy were excluded from the study. Results: The mean operation duration was significantly shorter in modified DPS implantation technic (105.1 min in Group 1 and 87.4 min in Group 2) (P < 0.001). Capnothorax is seen 11% of the cases in classical surgery procedure. In the modified group, capnothorax was not observed. Pneumothorax rate was found similar in both groups. Post-operative atelectasis was determined 16% of the cases in classical surgery procedure and also in the modified group atelectasis was not observed. The complications were higher in classical surgery procedure group but not differed statistically in this study. Total hospitalisation duration was significantly shorter in the modified surgical technique group compared to the other group (8.0 days in Group 1 and 6.0 days in Group 2) (P = 0.03). Conclusion: With modification in DPS implantation surgery, shorter operation and hospitalisation durations, and less complications may be achieved

Pneumocephalus in a patient with multiple stab wounds

Pneumocephalus is a complication of trauma to the chest and many iatrogenic interventions. It may arise due to systemic air embolism or retrograde cerebral venous air embolism which is an extremely rare complication. We report a 26-years-old female patient who presented to the Emergency Department suffering of multiple stab wounds. She was in a state of shock and after first aid and evaluation she was operated successfully. In the early postoperative period generalized tonic clonic convulsions were observed following cardiopulmonary resuscitation due to sudden cardiovascular collapse. Brain computerized tomography demonstrated free air in intracranial and extracranial venous structures. Pneumocephalus was diagnosed which may be due to a wide spectrum of etiologies including thorax or spinal stab wounds, tube thoracostomy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation or even central venous catheterization. Unfortunately, the patient ended up with brain death despite all effort. In conclusion, we recommend physicians to be aware of this catastrophic complication while taking care of patients with stab wounds. Keywords: Air embolism, Intracranial gas, Pneumocephalus, Stab wound

Prevention of Pleural Adhesions Using a Membrane Containing Polyethylene Glycol in Rats

<p><b>Background:</b> Recurrent thoracotomies regardless of the cause are not a rare occurrence. However, each thoracotomy results in adhesion to some extent. This adhesions increase morbidity and mortality presents a significant inconvenience for surgeons and prolongs the length of operations.</p><p><b>Objective: </b>We investigated the efficacy of Prevadh&#174;, an anti-adhesion agent to prevent intrapleural adesions following thoracotomy in a rat model.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> Twenty male adult Wistar Albino rats were divided into a sham group (Group A, <i>n</i> = 4), a control group (Group B, <i>n</i> = 8), and a study group (Group C, <i>n</i> = 8). Only left thoracotomy was performed in Group A. Group B underwent left thoracotomy, induction of adhesion, and 1 ml saline solution was administered to the thoracic cavity. However, in Group C underwent left thoracotomy, induction of adhesion, and Prevadh&#174; was placed between the pleura and the lung. The rats were sacrificed on day 21, and adhesions were analyzed using both macroscopic and histopathological methods. The results were statistically analyzed. A value of <i>P</i>&#60;0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><b>Results: </b>Mean lengths of adhesion differed statistically significantly among all three groups, while mean intensity of adhesion differed between Group A and Group B, and between Group B and Group C (<i>P</i>&#62;0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference between Group A and Group C in mesothelium proliferation score (<i>P</i>&#62;0.05). No statistically significant differences were found among the groups in terms of pleural thickness, macrophage and mononuclear cell infiltration (<i>P</i>&#62;0.05).</p><p><b>Conclusions: </b>Prevadh&#174; was shown in a rat model to effectively prevent post-thoracotomy adhesions.</p

The effect of intercostal nerve block on epidural analgesia in patients undergoing thoracotomy

Background: In this study, we investigated the effect of intraoperative multiple-segment intercostal nerve block (INB) on postoperative epidural morphine consumption and analgesia quality in the patients undergoing thoracotomy