Determination of the bundle price for digital information goods

The fast emergence of Internet as a media to distribute digital information goods created many new opportunities for the packaging and pricing of these goods. The pricing of information goods introduces a challenge since the cost structure of information goods differs from that of conventional physical goods in that they can be costly to introduce but are relatively cheap to reproduce. The bundling strategy for digital information goods helps producers to extract more value from customers and can result in cost savings due to the presence of economies of scale. This study aims to determine the optimum price a producer of digital information goods has to charge for a bundle in order to maximize his gross margin. The bundle pricing model is constructed for both uniform and exponential distributions of the fraction of information goods in the bundle that has positive value for the customers

Kurumsallaşmada insan kaynakları yönetiminin rolü ve bir örnek olay çalışması

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Yönetim biliminin tarihsel gelişimine bakıldığında bugün, organizasyonlar için en değerli kaynağın insan kaynağı olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu süreçte insana atfedilen değerler ve tutumlar teorik çerçeve içerisinde sürekli yükselişteyken, günümüzdeki bazı uygulamalarda görülen geçmiş zihniyet takıntısı ve yönetim anlayışıyla, bu yükselen değerin örtüşmediği açıkça görülmektedir.Çalışmamızda, günümüz küreselleşme dalgası içerisinde zihinleri en çok yoran ve de en çok karıştırılan kurumsallaşma kavramının aile şirketlerinde nasıl yapılandırıldığı ve insan kaynakları yönetiminin kurumsallaşma içerisinde ne tür bir rol üstlendiği, gemi inşaat sektöründe kurumsallaşma için çalışmalarda bulunan bir aile işletmesinde yapılan örnek olay araştırması ile incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda öncelikle teorik açıdan aile şirketlerinin yapısı incelenmiş, ardından kurumsallaşmanın ne şekilde gerçekleştirildiği ve bu süreçte ne tür zorlukların yaşandığı, insan kaynakları yönetiminin kurumsallaşma için nasıl bir zemin hazırladığı ve organizasyon içerisinde ne gibi öncelikli görevleri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tüm bu bilgiler ışığında bir örnek olay ile teorik çerçevede dile getirilen kurumsallaşma sürecinin, insan kaynakları yönetiminin üstlendiği roller sayesinde ne derece etkin uygulandığı ortaya koyulmuştur. Örnek olayda nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan görüşme yöntemi kullanılmış olup, birim yöneticilerine yöneltilen sorulardan alınan cevaplar ışığında işletme için gelecek dönemlerde alınan kararlar ile ilgili bilgi toplanmaya çalışılmıştır.İnceleme sonucunda kurumsallaşmanın, özellikle KOBİ olarak nitelendirilen aile şirketlerinde eksik anlaşıldığı ve çoğunlukla profesyonel yönetim kavramı ile karıştırıldığı tespit edilmiştir. İşletmenin stratejik hedefleri arasında birçok nitelikli kararları olmasına rağmen bir sistem anlayışının geliştirilmediği, salt birimlerin başarısının ve performansının yükseltilmesinin ön planda tutulduğu görülmüştür. Kurumsallaşma için gerekli olan sistem yaklaşımı, şeffaflaşma, örgütsel öğrenme gibi kavramların işletmenin yeniden yapılanma, organizasyonel bütünlük ve ortak vizyon oluşturma sürecinde hedefleri arasında görülmediği tespit edilmiştir.When looking over the historical development of management science, it is known that the most valuable source for organizations is human. Even though in this process, the values and behaviors that are attributed to human are permanently increased within the theoretical frame, it is evidently seen the out of date mentality obsession and management conception does not match up with this rising value.In our study, how the institutionalization concept that is mostly wearing brains and is mostly confused within today?s globalization waves is configured in the family corporations and what kind of role the human resources management has in the institutionalization process has been tried to examine with a case study investigation carried out in a family business company which has been working on institutionalization at ship building sector. In this context, the structure of family companies have primarily been studied in theoretical point of view and subsequently it has been determined how the institutionalization was realized and what kind of difficulties were experienced in this process, what a background the human resources department has prepared for the institutionalization and what kind of preferential duties do they have. In the light of all such information, with a case study, it has been revealed to what extent the theoretically expressed institutionalization process has effectively been implemented thanks to roles played by the human resources management. For the case study, the interview method as one of the qualitative research methods has been used, and in the light of replies to the questions to unit managers, it is endeavored to gather information relevant to the resolutions made for the next periods.As a consequence of study, the institutionalization is incompletely understood particularly in the family companies qualified as KOBI (Small and Middle Sized Enterprises) and mostly confused with professional management concept. It is found out that a system comprehension could not be developed although there are many qualified decisions amongst strategical targets of the company and that only increasing performance of units were prioritized. It is also identified that the concepts such as system approach, transparence, organizational learning needed for institutionalization are not involved into the objectives of the business in the process of reconfiguration, organizational entirety and establishment of common vision

Post-operative Dressing for Paediatric Hypospadias Repair

The optimal dressing is still unclear, despite hypospadias being one of the most prevalent surgical operations. Children’s dressing for hypospadias surgery was searched on PubMed as “dressing for hypospadias,” “postoperative dressing for pediatric hypospadias,” and “dressing AND hypospadias.” Experimental studies, animal studies, reviews, letters, and repetitive publications were excluded from the study. By evaluating these reviewed publications, factors affecting hypospadias dressing, such as surgeon, country, dressing type, characteristics, and why it is preferred, will be revealed. As a result, 17 articles were examined, and the advantages of each were established by examining the results. The type of hypospadias, the surgeon’s choice, and its ease of removal stand out as the crucial factors in treating hypospadias in children, along with the degree of development of the nation

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

An interesting and rare cause of post-operative intussusception: Roux limb intussusception

Intussusception is a common disease in children. Most intussusception is idiopathic and approximately 1% develops postoperatively. We present a case of a 6-year-old male patient who underwent surgery for a type 1 common bile duct cyst. In his post-operative 2nd month, the patient presented with a complaint of abdominal pain after eating, but his pain was not accompanied by nausea or vomiting. No pathological findings were evident in the examination or an abdominal X-ray of the patient. Intussusception was detected by ultrasonography and computed tomography. We wanted to introduce this interesting intussusception that originated from the Roux limb that was not seen before

Examination of the Trait Anxiety Levels among Male Basketball Players in the Ages from 13 to 15 in View of Various Variables

Bu araştırmanın amacı; 13-15 yaş arası milli takım adayı erkek basketbolcuların Sürekli Kaygı düzeylerinin tespiti ve kişisel değişkenlere göre farklılıklarının araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmaya; milli takıma aday 81 ilden seçilen ve yaş ortalamaları 13,84 ± 0,592, spor yaşı ortalamaları 5,12± 1,80 olan 102 sporcunun tamamı gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; "Kişisel Bilgi Formu" ile beraber Spielberger ve ark tarafından geliştirilen, Öner ve Le Compte tarafından Türkçe'ye uyarlanan "Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, yüzde ve frekans değerleri alınarak t- testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), parametrik olmayan değerler için Krusukal Wallis Testi kullanılmış ve p<0.05 düzeyinde anlamlılık aranmıştır. Araştırma bulgularında; basketbolcuların sürekli kaygılarının yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, aile gelir değişkeni, anne-baba eğitim düzeyi değişkeni ve okul türü değişkeni ile sürekli kaygıları arasında anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Yaş, spor yılı ve oynadıkları mevki değişkenler ile sürekli kaygı puanları arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunamamıştırWhat was intended with this study was to ascertain the Trait Anxiety levels of national team-nominee male basketball players between the ages of 13-15, and to investigate the differences thereof in view of personal variables. The study was participated by the whole of 102 national team-nominee sportspersons, having been selected from 81 cities, with an age average of 13.84 ± 0.592, and with a sports age average of 5.12± 1.80. As being the data collection tools, alongside the "Personal Information Form", the "Trait Anxiety Scale", which has been developed by Spielberg et al., and been adapted to Turkish by öner & Le Compte, was used in the study. While the t-test and Single Direction Variance Analyses (ANOVA) were used in the analysis of the data, upon taking the percentage and frequency values, Krusukal Wallis Test was further used for non-parametric values, and the relevance at p<0.05 level was sought. From the findings of the research, the trait anxieties were found out to be high. Besides, a meaningful relevance between the variables of family income, educational levels of the parents, and school type with the trait anxieties was further ascertained. On the other hand, no meaningful relevance was found out between the variables of age, sports year, and the positions in play with the trait anxiety score

13-15 Yaş arası erkek basketbolcuların sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi

Bu araştırmanın amacı; 13-15 yaş arası milli takım adayı erkek basketbolcuların Sürekli Kaygı düzeylerinin tespiti ve kişisel değişkenlere göre farklılıklarının araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmaya; milli takıma aday 81 ilden seçilen ve yaş ortalamaları 13,84 ± 0,592, spor yaşı ortalamaları 5,12± 1,80 olan 102 sporcunun tamamı gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ile beraber Spielberger ve ark tarafından geliştirilen, Öner ve Le Compte tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, yüzde ve frekans değerleri alınarak t- testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), parametrik olmayan değerler için Krusukal Wallis Testi kullanılmış ve p<0.05 düzeyinde anlamlılık aranmıştır. Araştırma bulgularında; basketbolcuların sürekli kaygılarının yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, aile gelir değişkeni, anne-baba eğitim düzeyi değişkeni ve okul türü değişkeni ile sürekli kaygıları arasında anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Yaş, spor yılı ve oynadıkları mevki değişkenler ile sürekli kaygı puanları arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunamamıştır.What was intended with this study was to ascertain the Trait Anxiety levels of national team-nominee male basketball players between the ages of 13-15, and to investigate the differences thereof in view of personal variables. The study was participated by the whole of 102 national team-nominee sportspersons, having been selected from 81 cities, with an age average of 13.84 ± 0.592, and with a sports age average of 5.12± 1.80. As being the data collection tools, alongside the “Personal Information Form“, the “Trait Anxiety Scale“, which has been developed by Spielberg et al., and been adapted to Turkish by öner & Le Compte, was used in the study. While the t-test and Single Direction Variance Analyses (ANOVA) were used in the analysis of the data, upon taking the percentage and frequency values, Krusukal Wallis Test was further used for non-parametric values, and the relevance at p<0.05 level was sought. From the findings of the research, the trait anxieties were found out to be high. Besides, a meaningful relevance between the variables of family income, educational levels of the parents, and school type with the trait anxieties was further ascertained. On the other hand, no meaningful relevance was found out between the variables of age, sports year, and the positions in play with the trait anxiety scores

Ovarian masses in infant-juvenile age.

The appropraite surgical treatment to pediatric patients with ovarian lesions are heterogeneous and ovarian preservation is desirable in children. The aim of this study is to the discuss findings related to a set of patients who were operated on for ovarian lesions

Prevalence of oral abnormalities in a Turkish newborn population

Objective