Social Movements and International Relations: A Relational Framework

Social movements are increasingly recognized as significant features of contemporary world politics, yet to date their treatment in international relations theory has tended to obfuscate the considerable diversity of these social formations, and the variegated interactions they may establish with state actors and different structures of world order. Highlighting the difficulties conventional liberal and critical approaches have in transcending conceptions of movements as moral entities, the article draws from two under-exploited literatures in the study of social movements in international relations, the English School and Social Systems Theory, to specify a wider range of analytical interactions between different categories of social movements and of world political structures. Moreover, by casting social movement phenomena as communications, the article opens international relations to consideration of the increasingly diverse trajectories and second-order effects produced by social movements as they interact with states, intergovernmental institutions, and transnational actors

Christoph Cüppers , Leonard van der Kuijp et Ulrich Pagel (éd.), Handbook of Tibetan Iconometry. A Guide to the Arts of the 17th Century, With a Chinese Introduction by Dobis Tsering Gyal, Leiden– Boston, Brill (Brill’s Tibetan Studies Library, vol. 28), 2012.

T. Kapstein Matthew. Christoph Cüppers , Leonard van der Kuijp et Ulrich Pagel (éd.), Handbook of Tibetan Iconometry. A Guide to the Arts of the 17th Century, With a Chinese Introduction by Dobis Tsering Gyal, Leiden– Boston, Brill (Brill’s Tibetan Studies Library, vol. 28), 2012.. In: Arts asiatiques, tome 68, 2013. pp. 154-155

Jérôme Ducor et Helen Loveday, Le Sūtra des Contemplations du Buddha Vie-Infinie. Essai d’interprétation textuelle et iconographique. Turnhout, Brepols (Bibliothèque de l’École des Hautes Études, Sciences religieuses, vol. 145), 2011

T. Kapstein Matthew. Jérôme Ducor et Helen Loveday, Le Sūtra des Contemplations du Buddha Vie-Infinie. Essai d’interprétation textuelle et iconographique. Turnhout, Brepols (Bibliothèque de l’École des Hautes Études, Sciences religieuses, vol. 145), 2011. In: Arts asiatiques, tome 67, 2012. pp. 176-178

Jérôme Ducor et Helen Loveday, Le Sūtra des Contemplations du Buddha Vie-Infinie. Essai d’interprétation textuelle et iconographique. Turnhout, Brepols (Bibliothèque de l’École des Hautes Études, Sciences religieuses, vol. 145), 2011

T. Kapstein Matthew. Jérôme Ducor et Helen Loveday, Le Sūtra des Contemplations du Buddha Vie-Infinie. Essai d’interprétation textuelle et iconographique. Turnhout, Brepols (Bibliothèque de l’École des Hautes Études, Sciences religieuses, vol. 145), 2011. In: Arts asiatiques, tome 67, 2012. pp. 176-178

The Development of Tibetan Scholasticism: Shakya Chokden’s History of Madhyamaka Thought in Tibet

Serdok Paṇchen Shakya Chokden (1428–1507) stands out as one of the most remarkable thinkers of Tibet. The enormous body of his collected works is notable for the diversity and originality of the writings it contains, and for their exceptional rigor. One of the few Tibetan intellectuals affiliated with both the Sakyapa and Kagyiipa orders, which were often doctrinal and political rivals (see chapters 7 and n), he was also among the sharpest critics of Jé Tsongkhapa (chapter 16), the founder of the Gelukpa order that would come to dominate Tibet under the Dalai Lamas. For this reason Shakya Chokden’s works were eventually banned by the Central Tibetan government. They are known to us today primarily thanks to a beautifully produced eighteenth-century manuscript from Bhutan, where the Central Tibetan ban did not extend and the religious leadership was congenial to the blend of Sakyapa and Kagyüpa perspectives that lent Shakya Chokden’s texts much of their unique flavor