Bilateral synchronous spermatocytic seminoma: a rare case report from rural India and literature review

Spermatocytic Seminoma is an unusual germ cell tumour known to arise from testis only. It is associated with good prognosis. Testicular tumours as such are uncommon in Asia as compared to western countries. In the literature only five cases of bilateral synchronous Spermatocytic Seminoma have been reported. Fifty years male patient presented to us with bilateral scrotal swelling and evaluation revealed neoplastic aetiology of bilateral testicular enlargement. Left side radical orchidectomy was performed initially which histopathologically revealed spermatocytic seminoma. Subsequently right side radical orchidectomy was performed after intra-op frozen section confirmation of neoplastic nature. Histopathology revealed same pathology as on left side. Immunohistochemistry of specimen from both testes was again conclusive of spermatocytic seminoma. We hereby report this rare case of Bilateral Synchronous Spermatocytic Seminoma. This is the first case report from entire Asian continent except for Japan.Pan African Medical Journal 2012; 13:3

Role of PPAR-δ in the development of zymosan-induced multiple organ failure: an experiment mice study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-beta/delta is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that regulates gene expression in many important biological processes. It is expressed ubiquitously, especially white adipose tissue, heart, muscle, intestine, placenta and macrophages but many of its functions are unknown. Saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids activate PPAR-beta/delta, but physiological ligands have not yet been identified. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of PPAR-beta/delta activation, through the use of GW0742 (0,3 mg/kg 10% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) i.p), a synthetic high affinity ligand, on the development of zymosan-induced multiple organ failure (MOF).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Multiple organ failure (MOF) was induced in mice by administration of zymosan (given at 500 mg/kg, i.p. as a suspension in saline). The control groups were treated with vehicle (0.25 ml/mouse saline), while the pharmacological treatment was the administration of GW0742 (0,3 mg/kg 10% DMSO i.p. 1 h and 6 h after zymosan administration). MOF and systemic inflammation in mice was assessed 18 hours after administration of zymosan.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Treatment with GW0742 caused a significant reduction of the peritoneal exudate formation and of the neutrophil infiltration caused by zymosan resulting in a reduction in myeloperoxidase activity. The PPAR-beta/delta agonist, GW0742, at the dose of 0,3 mg/kg in 10% DMSO, also attenuated the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by zymosan. In pancreas, lung and gut, immunohistochemical analysis of some end points of the inflammatory response, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine, poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR), TNF- and IL-1as well as FasL, Bax, Bcl-2 and apoptosis, revealed positive staining in sections of tissue obtained from zymosan-injected mice. On the contrary, these parameters were markedly reduced in samples obtained from mice treated with GW0742</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In this study, we have shown that GW0742 attenuates the degree of zymosan-induced non-septic shock in mice.</p

Thrombosis, Bleeding, and the Observational Effect of Early Therapeutic Anticoagulation on Survival in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19

This article is made available for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.Background: Hypercoagulability may be a key mechanism of death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective: To evaluate the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and major bleeding in critically ill patients with COVID-19 and examine the observational effect of early therapeutic anticoagulation on survival. Design: In a multicenter cohort study of 3239 critically ill adults with COVID-19, the incidence of VTE and major bleeding within 14 days after intensive care unit (ICU) admission was evaluated. A target trial emulation in which patients were categorized according to receipt or no receipt of therapeutic anticoagulation in the first 2 days of ICU admission was done to examine the observational effect of early therapeutic anticoagulation on survival. A Cox model with inverse probability weighting to adjust for confounding was used. Setting: 67 hospitals in the United States. Participants: Adults with COVID-19 admitted to a participating ICU. Measurements: Time to death, censored at hospital discharge, or date of last follow-up. Results: Among the 3239 patients included, the median age was 61 years (interquartile range, 53 to 71 years), and 2088 (64.5%) were men. A total of 204 patients (6.3%) developed VTE, and 90 patients (2.8%) developed a major bleeding event. Independent predictors of VTE were male sex and higher D-dimer level on ICU admission. Among the 2809 patients included in the target trial emulation, 384 (11.9%) received early therapeutic anticoagulation. In the primary analysis, during a median follow-up of 27 days, patients who received early therapeutic anticoagulation had a similar risk for death as those who did not (hazard ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.92 to 1.35]). Limitation: Observational design. Conclusion: Among critically ill adults with COVID-19, early therapeutic anticoagulation did not affect survival in the target trial emulation

Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ in acute myocardial infarction, septic shock and sepsis

PhDPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are ligand activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. In this thesis, I have investigated the anti-inflammatory role of PPAR-β/δ in animal models of regional myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury and multiple organ injury/dysfunction associated with endotoxaemia and septic shock. Using a selective PPAR-β/δ agonist, GW0742, I have demonstrated that selective activation of PPAR-β/δ protects the rat heart against injury caused by regional I/R when administered, as late as, on reperfusion of the previously ischaemic myocardium. Additionally, I have demonstrated that genetic deletion of PPAR-β/δ greatly exacerbates the multiple organ injury/dysfunction caused by endotoxaemia in the mouse. Moreover, treatment of wild-type mice with GW0742 attenuated the multiple organ injury/dysfunction caused by endotoxaemia. Thus, activation of PPAR-β/δ affords a protective effect against multiple organ injury/dysfunction in endotoxic shock. I extended the above study by investigating the effect of PPAR-β/δ activation in a clinically relevant model of caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial sepsis by evaluating survival in mice over 10 days. I demonstrated that treatment with GW0742, several hours after the induction of polymicrobial sepsis, improved survival. Furthermore, I have demonstrated this organ protective effect of PPAR-β/δ activation in a rat model of severe acute endotoxaemia. Finally, I have shown that the protective effects of PPAR-β/δ activation in animal models of acute regional myocardial I/R injury and endotoxic shock are secondary to an anti-inflammatory mechanism involving the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signalling pathway, which leads to the inhibition of the activation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and nuclear factor (NF)-B activity, subsequently reducing the expression of NF-B-driven gene transcription of a number of pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, in this thesis, I have demonstrated an anti-inflammatory protective role for PPAR-β/δ in models of regional myocardial I/R injury, septic shock and systemic inflammation

A CLASSIFICATION AND CODING SYSTEM FOR MICRO-ASSEMBLY

Abstract This paper presents the development of a standard classification and coding system for micro-scale assembled devices that can link micro-assembly concepts and technologies to the attributes of the assembly components and their interrelationships that define the assembled device/product. The proposed system is based on an n-digit coding of both individual parts as well as the assembly. The coding scheme identifies a form code, a material code and a process code for both parts and the assembly and then partitions each into the relevant attributes. A specific example of coding of the parts of a miniature spin bearing has been considered to illustrate the applicability of the coding system

A Classification and Coding System for Micro-Assembly

This paper presents the development of a standard classification and coding system for micro-scale assembled devices that can link micro-assembly concepts and technologies to the attributes of the assembly components and their interrelationships that define the assembled device/product. The proposed system is based on an n-digit coding of both individual parts as well as the assembly. The coding scheme identifies a form code, a material code and a process code for both parts and the assembly and then partitions each into the relevant attributes. A specific example of coding of the parts of a miniature spin bearing has been considered to illustrate the applicability of the coding system.edition: 260status: publishe

Method Development and Validation for Multicomponent Analysis of Emtricitabine and Ritonavir in Bulk Drug by RP-HPLC

A simple, sensitive, economic and specific reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Emtricitabine and Ritonavir in bulk drug. Chromatographic conditions consisted of&nbsp;&nbsp; C-18 Column (Shim-pack) 250 x 4.6 mm, particle size 5 µm , mobile phase combination of methanol and water (80:20), flow rate 1ml per minutes, run time 15 minutes and UV detection at 251nm. . The retention time for Emtricitabine and Ritonavir were found to be&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.25 and 7.8 min and average percentage recoveries 99.42% and 99.63% respectively. The validation parameters were found to comply with ICH guidelines. These methods can be further employed in future for the routine determination of Emtricitabine and Ritonavir in bulk drug and formulation. Keyword: Emtricitabine, Ritonavir, RP-HPLC, accuracy and linearity