Causality between gold-oil parity and real exchange rate: A research on 7 countries producing oil and gold

Bu çalışmanın amacı hem altın hem de petrol üretimi olan 7 ülkede (Meksika, Brezilya, Rusya, Endonezya, Avustralya, Çin ve ABD) altın-petrol paritesi ile reel döviz kuru arasındaki nedenselliği incelemektir. Bu amaçla 2008-2015 dönemine ait aylık veriler kullanılarak, Toda ve Yamamoto (TY) lineer nedensellik testi ve HatemiJ (H) simetrik nedensellik testleri yapılmıştır. TY testinden elde edilen bulgulara göre Brezilya, Rusya ve Çin’de altın-petrol paritesi ile reel döviz kuru arasında nedensellik bulunmaktadır. H testi sonuçları ise altın-petrol paritesindeki negatif ve pozitif şoklara karşı ele alınan ülkelerde reel döviz kurlarının farklı yönlerde (düşme-yükselme) tepki verdiklerini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada yapılan analizler, altın-petrol paritesi ile reel döviz kuru arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin teorik beklentilerle her zaman uyumlu olmadığını ve kullanılan analiz yöntemlerine duyarlı olduğunu göstermektedir.The aim of this study is to examine the causality between the gold-oil parity and the real exchange rate in seven countries (Mexico, Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, Australia, China and the United States), both gold and oil producers. For this purpose, Toda and Yamamoto (TY) linear causality test and Hatemi-J (H) symmetric causality tests were performed using the monthly data of 2008-2015 period. According to the findings of the TY test, there is causality between the gold-oil parity and the real exchange rate in Brazil, Russia and China. H test results show that the real exchange rates in the countries studied against to negative and positive shocks in the gold-oil parity have reacted in different directions (fall-rise). In conclusion, the analyzes done in this study show that the causality relationship between the gold-oil parity and the real exchange rate is not always consistent with the theoretical expectations and is sensitive to the analysis methods used

The Relationship Between Money Supply, Interest Rate and Inflation Rate: an Endogeneity-Exogeneity Approach

After the 2008 Financial Crisis, The Central Bank is Turkey as well as many countries, has implemented a policy of increasing the money supply. It is a known fact that the changes in the money supply are considerable extent determinative in interest rate and inflation rate such as orientations of macro economics variables. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between money supply, interest rate and inflation rate in Turkey after the 2008 Financial Crisis. In accordance with this purpose, 2008:1- 2015:12 period money supply, interest rate and inflation rate monthly data are used. Commonly in applied studies, the relationship between these variables is analysed with Cholesky Decomposition Method of Variance based Vector Autoregression Model (VAR). But this method is affected by ordering of the variables according to endogeneity-exogeneity approach, when ordering of the variables were changed, the results are changed and therefore policy proposals are changed. In analysis of the study, both Cholesky and Pesaran and Shin’s proposal method is used. According to Cholesky Variance Decomposition result at the end of the a month, when all changes in inflation is explained by inflation, this rate is 85% according to Generalized Decomposition Method of Variance result

Re-Examining of The Turkish Crude Oil Import Demand with Multi-Structural Breaks Analysis in The Long Run Period

This study examines the Turkish crude oil import demand for the period of 1970-2013. Unlike earlier studies on Turkey, we tested the income and price elasticities of crude oil demand with structual breaks. In emprical analysis, the income and the price of crude oil used as a function of crude oil import demand. We employed Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2009) test for testing unit root, Maki (2012) cointegration test employed for testing for the existence of relationships. DOLS estimation employed for the estimating the long-run income and price elasticities. The empirical results show that the partial elasticities of crude oil import demand; income is (0.18) and crude oil is (-0.25). In the light of these results, it is said that income and price elasticities of demand for crude oil import in the long-run are inelastic. Furthermore, we used dummy varibale for testing internal and external crisses affetct. We conlcuded that the external crises had major impact on import oil demand on the contrary to internal crises in the long run. Keywords: Income elasticity; Price elasticicy; Structual Breaks JEL Classifications: C22; F10; F1

Altın-Petrol Paritesi ile Döviz Kuru Arasındaki Nedensellik: Altın ve Petrol Üreten 7 Ülke Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Bu çalışmanın amacı hem altın hem de petrol üretimi olan 7 ülkede (Meksika, Brezilya, Rusya, Endonezya, Avustralya, Çin ve ABD) altın-petrol paritesi ile reel döviz kuru arasındaki nedenselliği incelemektir. Bu amaçla 2008-2015 dönemine ait aylık veriler kullanılarak, Toda ve Yamamoto (TY) lineer nedensellik testi ve Hatemi-J (H) simetrik nedensellik testleri yapılmıştır. TY testinden elde edilen bulgulara göre Brezilya, Rusya ve Çin’de altın-petrol paritesi ile reel döviz kuru arasında nedensellik bulunmaktadır. H testi sonuçları ise altın-petrol paritesindeki negatif ve pozitif şoklara karşı ele alınan ülkelerde reel döviz kurlarının farklı yönlerde (düşme-yükselme) tepki verdiklerini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada yapılan analizler, altın-petrol paritesi ile reel döviz kuru arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin teorik beklentilerle her zaman uyumlu olmadığını ve kullanılan analiz yöntemlerine duyarlı olduğunu göstermektedir

Altın-Petrol Paritesi ile Döviz Kuru Arasındaki Nedensellik: Altın ve Petrol Üreten 7 Ülke Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Bu çalışmanın amacı hem altın hem de petrol üretimi olan 7 ülkede (Meksika, Brezilya, Rusya, Endonezya, Avustralya, Çin ve ABD) altın-petrol paritesi ile reel döviz kuru arasındaki nedenselliği incelemektir. Bu amaçla 2008-2015 dönemine ait aylık veriler kullanılarak, Toda ve Yamamoto (TY) lineer nedensellik testi ve Hatemi-J (H) simetrik nedensellik testleri yapılmıştır. TY testinden elde edilen bulgulara göre Brezilya, Rusya ve Çin’de altın-petrol paritesi ile reel döviz kuru arasında nedensellik bulunmaktadır. H testi sonuçları ise altın-petrol paritesindeki negatif ve pozitif şoklara karşı ele alınan ülkelerde reel döviz kurlarının farklı yönlerde (düşme-yükselme) tepki verdiklerini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada yapılan analizler, altın-petrol paritesi ile reel döviz kuru arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin teorik beklentilerle her zaman uyumlu olmadığını ve kullanılan analiz yöntemlerine duyarlı olduğunu göstermektedir

Laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection in early-stage endometrium cancer after incomplete surgery, A case report

Erken evre endometrium kanserinde geleneksel laparotomik cerrahi evrelemenin yerine laparoskopik yaklaşım, güvenli ve etkin bir seçenek olarak sunulmaya başlanmıştır. Bu yazıda, erken evre endometrium kanseri nedeniyle başka bir merkezde eksik cerrahi uygulanan, daha sonra merkezimizde laparoskopik pelvik lenfadenektomi yapılan 39 yaşındaki bir hasta sunuldu. Laparoskopik lenfadenektomi, lenf nodu diseksiyonu gerektiren jinekolojik maligniteler için teknik olarak geçerli ve güvenli bir yöntem olarak görünmektedirLaparoscopic surgery has been suggested as a safe and effective alternative to laparotomy for the treatment of early stage endometrial cancer. In this study, we presented a 39-year-old patient who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy through laparoscopy at our center following incomplete surgery at another center for early stage endometrium cancer. Laparoscopic lymphadenectomy seems to be a safe and reliable method for gynecologic malignancies that require lymph node dissection

The status of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in western türkiye: detection of three subtypes

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a viral pathogen that causes significant economic losses in cattle, especially by causing abortions. Globally, BVDVs are classified into three genetically distinct types: BVDV-1, BVDV-2 and BVDV-3. Despite the presence of all three groups in Türkiye, BVDV-1 is by far the most prevalent. The aim of the study was to determine the genetic diversity of BVDV detected in materials from aborted fetus between 2017 and 2020 in western Türkiye. Sequence and phylogenetic analyzes were performed based on the 5"-UTR and Npro gene regions of BVDVs from samples, which tested positive using real time RT-PCR. According to pairwise similarity and cluster analysis the samples clustered into three different sub-types, with one dominant subtype 1d (n=4). The remaining samples clustered within subtype 1l (n=3) and 1f (n=2). In this study, different subtypes were found in abortion materials submitted from the same region. Since different subtypes of BVDV were identified even in a small geographical area of Türkiye, it is essential to prepare control and eradication programs through specific vaccination, diagnostic and mitigation programs coordinated by national government, to prevent the spread of these viruses

Are serum Netrin-4 levels predictive of preeclampsia?

Objective: To investigate the levels of anti-angiogenic factors, namely sFlt-1 and Netrin-4, in patients with preeclampsia (PE). Material and methods: Cord-blood (UC) sFlt-1 and Netrin-4 concentrations were measured in 30 patients with severe PE, 30 patients with PE and 30 control infants and their mothers (MS). Results: Maternal sFlt-1 levels were significantly higher in the severe PE and PE groups than in the control group. There were no statistical differences among the three groups in maternal and fetal Netrin-4 levels. But Netrin-4 levels were found to be the lowest in the control group and higher in the PE and severe PE groups. The correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between maternal sFlt-1 levels and maternal Netrin-4 levels (p = 0.012, and r = 0.263), maternal sFlt-1 levels and fetal sFlt-1 levels (p = 0.012, and r = 0.263). Conclusions: There was a positive correlation found between maternal sFlt-1 levels and maternal Netrin-4 levels. We are of the opinion that elevation in levels of Netrin-4 might be secondary to placental hypoxia occurring in PE. The present study led to the consideration of anti-angiogenic biomarkers (sFlt-1 and Netrin-4) on automated platforms for clinical use as an aid in establishing the diagnosis and prognosis of PE

Welcome to the December 2023 Issue (Vol:29, No:4) and Current News of the European Journal of Therapeutics

Dear Colleagues, In this editorial, we would like to share with you important developments in the European Journal of Therapeutics (Eur J Ther). First of all, as the editorial team, we would like you to know that we hold frequent meetings to benefit our esteemed colleagues and continue to work with great devotion in line with our goal of taking the journal further. We have previously shared with you that we have applied to many indexes. It is with great pleasure that we would like to inform you that in the last few months, more of our index applications have been approved. Index Copernicus, as a result of this application, the ICV 2022 value of our journal was determined to be 100 (approved 2023-10-31) [1] BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine) (approved 2023-11-30) [2] Sherpa Romeo (approved 2023-09-27) [3] MIAR (approved 2023-10-16) [4] All indexes in our journal are currently included on the journal web page [5]. As the editorial team, we would like to inform you that we have determined a policy on this issue for our journal [6], taking into account the recommendations of important international ethics committees such as the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) [7] and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) [8], which have recently become a trendy topic of discussion about AI chatbots and academic studies prepared with the support of such tools. As you know, when our journal was founded in 1990 [9], it was published in two yearly issues. It is an essential responsibility for us to carry our journal, which continued its publication life with three issues a year in 2009 [10] and four issues a year in 2014 [11]. With your valuable support, we would like to announce that we will increase our journal to 6 issues a year as of 2024 (February, April, June, August, October and December) with the rapidly growing progress of our journal. Unfortunately, we cannot share the names of the referees who made significant contributions to our journal in 2023 due to the changes in the article submission interface during the year and the inaccessibility of some data in the previous interface. However, we would like to emphasize again that we are grateful to all of them for their valuable contributions. Moreover, to expand our journal's referee list, we would like to remind you that competent academics who volunteer in this regard can fill out the “Become a Reviewer for the European Journal of Therapeutics” form [12]. Finally, we would like to point out that we have strengthened our editorial team with an academician competent in dentistry, Fatih Sari, DDS, PhD. Fatih Sari, DDS, PhD, is a new Editorial Board Member of the Eur J Ther. Dr. Sari is an Associate Professor in the Department of Prosthodontics at the Gaziantep University Faculty of Dentistry. He is a Vice Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry and Head of Clinical Departments. Dr. Sari is a prosthodontist and a member of the Turkish Dental Association. He has experience in implant-supported fixed prostheses, Cad/Cam applications and dental materials. We look forward to being able to offer you a large number of high-quality and valuable articles over the coming year. In addition, we would like to thank the readers, authors and reviewers of the Eur J Ther for their continuous support. Sincerely yours

Collet-Sicard Syndrome Associated with Occipital Condyle Fracture and Epidural Hematoma

A 31-year-old male was presented with a very rare case of ipsilateral palsies of the nerves IX through XII (Collet-Sicard syndrome) after a closed head injury. An occipital condyle fracture that was associated with epidural hematoma was diagnosed by computed tomography. The patient was conservatively managed, and following the treatment, partial neurological recovery ensued. The phenomenon of occipital condyle fracture involving the last four cranial nerve palsies is relatively rare. Although 3 cases of Collet-Sicard syndrome that were caused by an occipital condyle fracture has been reported, the association between condyle fracture and epidural hematoma has never been described before