Helium and neon isotopes in São Miguel island basalts, Azores Archipelago: New constraints on the “low 3He” hotspot origin

Lavas from the São Miguel Island, Azores Archipelago, have peculiar isotopic compositions, including radiogenic lead and strontium and un-radiogenic neodymium. The peculiar isotopic trend of São Miguel is evident in the lead-lead diagram where both 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios are high for a given 206Pb/204Pb ratio compared to other oceanic island basalts. This signature is unique among OIBs and is particularly evident in the Nordeste area, the oldest part of São Miguel island (≥1 Ma). Only a few olivine samples from the Nordeste volcanic complex have been analyzed for helium. They show radiogenic helium signatures with 4He/3He up to 174,000 (R/Ra ~4) [Moreira et al., Helium and lead isotope geochemistry in the Azores archipelago, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 169: 189–205, 1999]. However, because the Nordeste volcano has an age between 1 and 4 Ma and because these samples have low helium concentrations, these radiogenic helium isotopic ratios must be considered with caution as they can also reflect post eruptive radiogenic production. In this paper we present a detailed study of the helium and neon isotopic ratios obtained from 17 Nordeste samples in order to better constrain the helium isotopic signature of the São Miguel mantle source. By coupling helium and the other isotopic systems, we propose that the São Miguel source contains non-degassed material, enriched in U and Th, that was stored in the mantle for the last ~3 Ga. As suggested by Elliot et al. [Elliott et al., The origin of enriched mantle beneath São Miguel, Azores, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 71: 219–240, 2007], underplated magma intruded into oceanic lithosphere and subducted ~3 Ga ago is a possible explanation for the peculiar São Miguel source isotopic signatures

Migration de l'uranium, en condition d'altération météorique, dans les verses à stériles granitiques

In a time span of 50 years uranium mining in France generated 163 Mt of waste rocks. These form waste rocks piles which are subjected to enhanced weathering compared to natural granitic outcrops. Therefore, as part of the French radioactive waste and material management plan (PNGMDR), waste rocks are studied in order to assess their potential environmental impact. This study specifically focuses on the internal structure of waste rock piles complemented by geochemistry and mineralogical data, in order to develop a model that assesses the waste rock pile’s weathering state and uranium’s stability. Results show uranium (U) is mainly associated to phosphates, either in primary accessory minerals, such as monazites, or crystallized in secondary uranyl-phosphates. When U is associated to amorphous iron oxyhydroxides, phosphorous is also associated. The importance of iron oxyhydroxides and phosphorous in uranium trapping is clearly demonstrated. Both iron oxyhydroxides as well as uranyl-phosphates form efficient and stable U traps, limiting U dissolution as long as pH, redox and temperature parameters remain stable. In case of variable conditions, smectite identified in the waste rock pile might also play a role in preventing further uranium diffusion.En l’espace de cinquante ans l’exploitation minière d’uranium en France a généré 163 millions de tonnes de stériles miniers à l’échelle du territoire. Ces stériles, stockés sous forme de verses sont sujets à une altération météorique accrue par rapport à un massif granitique naturel. Dans le cadre du plan de gestion des matériaux et déchets radioactifs (PNGMDR) les stériles miniers sont l’objet d’une attention particulière visant à caractériser leur impact environnemental. Cette étude précise la géostructure des verses à stériles avec le développement d’un modèle structural typique pour aboutir à une caractérisation géochimique et minéralogique de ces stériles et permettre d’évaluer la stabilité de l’uranium. De cette étude, il apparaît très clairement que l’uranium est principalement associé aux phosphates, dans des phases héritées telles que les monazites ou sous formes d’uranyle-phosphates secondaires. Lorsque l’U est associé à des oxyhydroxydes de fer amorphes, le phosphore est également présent. Cette étude illustre le rôle majeur que peuvent jouer les oxyhydroxydes de fer et le phosphore dans le piégeage de l’uranium. Ces phases constituent un piège efficace et relativement stable, permettant de limiter les concentrations en uranium en solution à condition que les conditions environnementales restent stables. Quand bien même des changements d’équilibre auraient lieu, la présence de smectite dans les échantillons de la verse à stériles présente une barrière supplémentaire à la diffusion de l’uranium dans l’environnement

Uranium migration, under weathering, in granitic waste rock piles

En l’espace de cinquante ans l’exploitation minière d’uranium en France a généré 163 millions de tonnes de stériles miniers à l’échelle du territoire. Ces stériles, stockés sous forme de verses sont sujets à une altération météorique accrue par rapport à un massif granitique naturel. Dans le cadre du plan de gestion des matériaux et déchets radioactifs (PNGMDR) les stériles miniers sont l’objet d’une attention particulière visant à caractériser leur impact environnemental. Cette étude précise la géostructure des verses à stériles avec le développement d’un modèle structural typique pour aboutir à une caractérisation géochimique et minéralogique de ces stériles et permettre d’évaluer la stabilité de l’uranium. De cette étude, il apparaît très clairement que l’uranium est principalement associé aux phosphates, dans des phases héritées telles que les monazites ou sous formes d’uranyle-phosphates secondaires. Lorsque l’U est associé à des oxyhydroxydes de fer amorphes, le phosphore est également présent. Cette étude illustre le rôle majeur que peuvent jouer les oxyhydroxydes de fer et le phosphore dans le piégeage de l’uranium. Ces phases constituent un piège efficace et relativement stable, permettant de limiter les concentrations en uranium en solution à condition que les conditions environnementales restent stables. Quand bien même des changements d’équilibre auraient lieu, la présence de smectite dans les échantillons de la verse à stériles présente une barrière supplémentaire à la diffusion de l’uranium dans l’environnement.In a time span of 50 years uranium mining in France generated 163 Mt of waste rocks. These form waste rocks piles which are subjected to enhanced weathering compared to natural granitic outcrops. Therefore, as part of the French radioactive waste and material management plan (PNGMDR), waste rocks are studied in order to assess their potential environmental impact. This study specifically focuses on the internal structure of waste rock piles complemented by geochemistry and mineralogical data, in order to develop a model that assesses the waste rock pile’s weathering state and uranium’s stability. Results show uranium (U) is mainly associated to phosphates, either in primary accessory minerals, such as monazites, or crystallized in secondary uranyl-phosphates. When U is associated to amorphous iron oxyhydroxides, phosphorous is also associated. The importance of iron oxyhydroxides and phosphorous in uranium trapping is clearly demonstrated. Both iron oxyhydroxides as well as uranyl-phosphates form efficient and stable U traps, limiting U dissolution as long as pH, redox and temperature parameters remain stable. In case of variable conditions, smectite identified in the waste rock pile might also play a role in preventing further uranium diffusion

Uranium speciation in weathered granitic waste rock piles: an XAFS investigation

International audienceInvestigation of uranium migration in the waste piles of granite rock in the Limousin region of France is vital for developing strategies which address related environmental issues. Despite the fact that the concentration of uranium is far below the lower end of the cut off level in these piles, the large volume of rocks-which measure in the hundreds of metric tons-and their conditions of repository make this type of waste a source of concern for the international community. In this work, X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques (XAFS) were employed in order to identify the speciation of uranium in the different categories of samples collected from various regions of the rock piles which had undergone 50 years of weathering. The samples, such as weathered granite, arena and technosoils, were studied in order to probe the transformation of the U bearing complex. XANES indicates U(VI) valence with uranyl species in all samples. Using a linear combination analysis and shell fitting approach, distinct speciation of uranium was observed in the different categories of samples. In the weathered rock and arena samples with relics of magmatic U minerals, uranyl phosphates comparable to autunite are shown to be dominantly linked with monodentate PO 4 3À. However, the samples collected from technosoils are found to have a mixture of U-phosphate and U-clay minerals (phyllosilicates and silicates). Irrespective of the collection location, all the samples were found to contain U(VI)-oxo species The equatorial O ligands occur as two shells with an average separation of 0.14-0.21Å21˚21Å. Moreover, all the samples have an Al/Si/P shell around 3.1 ˚ A. A detailed EXAFS curve fit analysis shows that disorder afflicts the entire range of samples which can be attributed to either inhomogeneous binding sites on the disordered clay minerals or to the presence of a mixture of uranium-bearing minerals. XAFS investigations highlight the uranyl overriding forms of U (as U sorbed on clay minerals and secondary uranyl phosphates or silicates) contribute to the retention of U, even in oxidizing conditions known to enhance the mobility of U