14 research outputs found
Tiantai Buddhist elaborations on the hidden and visible
A crucial feature of Tiantai (怩ć°) Buddhist thought certainly is its elaboration on the hidden and visible, called âroot and tracesâ (ben ji æŹè·Ą), as the concept of non-duality (bu er äžäș) of these opposites is part of what constitutes the highest level of Buddhist doctrine in Tiantai doxography, called âround/ perfect teachingâ (yuanjiao ćæ). Such elaboration is inextricably bound up with paradoxical discourse, which functions as a linguistic strategy in Tiantai practice of liberating the mind from its self-induced deception. Observation of paradoxes in the elaboration on the hidden and visible could be called practice qua doctrinal exegesis, because Tiantai masters try to integrate self-referential observation in mind-contemplation (guanxin è§ćż) with interpretation of sĆ«tra and ĆÄstra. For Tiantai Buddhists, the ultimate meaning of the Buddhadharma (fofa äœæł) itself is independent from speech and script and only accessible to the liberated mind, yet it cannot fully be comprehended and displayed apart from the transmission of the canonical word. To observe the paradox in non-duality of the hidden and visible is what triggers practice qua doctrinal exegesis and entails liberation (jietuo è§Łè«) according to the âround/ perfect teaching.â
The article traces the formation of paradoxical discourse in Chinese Madhyamaka, particularly referencing the Tiantai elaboration on the hidden and visible and its diverse sources of inspiration, which includes both Chinese indigenous traditions of thought (Daoism and Xuanxue) and translated sĆ«tra and ĆÄstra literature from India
Philosophical Aspects of Sixth-Century Chinese Buddhist Debates on âMind and Consciousness"
In this book, an international team of fourteen scholars investigates the Chinese reception of Indian Buddhist ideas, especially in the sixth and seventh centuries. Topics include Buddhist logic and epistemology (pramÄáča, yinming); commentaries on Indian Buddhist texts; Chinese readings of systems as diverse as Madhyamaka, YogÄcÄra and tathÄgatagarbha; the working out of Indian concepts and problematics in new Chinese works; and previously under-studied Chinese evidence for developments in India. The authors aim to consider the ways that these Chinese materials might furnish evidence of broader Buddhist trends, thereby problematizing a prevalent notion of âsinificationâ, which has led scholars to consider such materials predominantly in terms of trends ostensibly distinctive to China. The volume also tries to go beyond seeing sixth- and seventh-century China primarily as the age of the formation and establishment of the Chinese Buddhist âschoolsâ. The authors attempt to view the ideas under study on their own terms, as valid Buddhist ideas engendered in a rich, âliminalâ space of interchange between two large traditions.In this book, an international team of fourteen scholars investigates the Chinese reception of Indian Buddhist ideas, especially in the sixth and seventh centuries. Topics include Buddhist logic and epistemology (pramÄáča, yinming); commentaries on Indian Buddhist texts; Chinese readings of systems as diverse as Madhyamaka, YogÄcÄra and tathÄgatagarbha; the working out of Indian concepts and problematics in new Chinese works; and previously under-studied Chinese evidence for developments in India. The authors aim to consider the ways that these Chinese materials might furnish evidence of broader Buddhist trends, thereby problematizing a prevalent notion of âsinificationâ, which has led scholars to consider such materials predominantly in terms of trends ostensibly distinctive to China. The volume also tries to go beyond seeing sixth- and seventh-century China primarily as the age of the formation and establishment of the Chinese Buddhist âschoolsâ. The authors attempt to view the ideas under study on their own terms, as valid Buddhist ideas engendered in a rich, âliminalâ space of interchange between two large traditions
Acknowledgements
In this book, an international team of fourteen scholars investigates the Chinese reception of Indian Buddhist ideas, especially in the sixth and seventh centuries. Topics include Buddhist logic and epistemology (pramÄáča, yinming); commentaries on Indian Buddhist texts; Chinese readings of systems as diverse as Madhyamaka, YogÄcÄra and tathÄgatagarbha; the working out of Indian concepts and problematics in new Chinese works; and previously under-studied Chinese evidence for developments in India. The authors aim to consider the ways that these Chinese materials might furnish evidence of broader Buddhist trends, thereby problematizing a prevalent notion of âsinificationâ, which has led scholars to consider such materials predominantly in terms of trends ostensibly distinctive to China. The volume also tries to go beyond seeing sixth- and seventh-century China primarily as the age of the formation and establishment of the Chinese Buddhist âschoolsâ. The authors attempt to view the ideas under study on their own terms, as valid Buddhist ideas engendered in a rich, âliminalâ space of interchange between two large traditions.In this book, an international team of fourteen scholars investigates the Chinese reception of Indian Buddhist ideas, especially in the sixth and seventh centuries. Topics include Buddhist logic and epistemology (pramÄáča, yinming); commentaries on Indian Buddhist texts; Chinese readings of systems as diverse as Madhyamaka, YogÄcÄra and tathÄgatagarbha; the working out of Indian concepts and problematics in new Chinese works; and previously under-studied Chinese evidence for developments in India. The authors aim to consider the ways that these Chinese materials might furnish evidence of broader Buddhist trends, thereby problematizing a prevalent notion of âsinificationâ, which has led scholars to consider such materials predominantly in terms of trends ostensibly distinctive to China. The volume also tries to go beyond seeing sixth- and seventh-century China primarily as the age of the formation and establishment of the Chinese Buddhist âschoolsâ. The authors attempt to view the ideas under study on their own terms, as valid Buddhist ideas engendered in a rich, âliminalâ space of interchange between two large traditions
About the Authors
In this book, an international team of fourteen scholars investigates the Chinese reception of Indian Buddhist ideas, especially in the sixth and seventh centuries. Topics include Buddhist logic and epistemology (pramÄáča, yinming); commentaries on Indian Buddhist texts; Chinese readings of systems as diverse as Madhyamaka, YogÄcÄra and tathÄgatagarbha; the working out of Indian concepts and problematics in new Chinese works; and previously under-studied Chinese evidence for developments in India. The authors aim to consider the ways that these Chinese materials might furnish evidence of broader Buddhist trends, thereby problematizing a prevalent notion of âsinificationâ, which has led scholars to consider such materials predominantly in terms of trends ostensibly distinctive to China. The volume also tries to go beyond seeing sixth- and seventh-century China primarily as the age of the formation and establishment of the Chinese Buddhist âschoolsâ. The authors attempt to view the ideas under study on their own terms, as valid Buddhist ideas engendered in a rich, âliminalâ space of interchange between two large traditions.In this book, an international team of fourteen scholars investigates the Chinese reception of Indian Buddhist ideas, especially in the sixth and seventh centuries. Topics include Buddhist logic and epistemology (pramÄáča, yinming); commentaries on Indian Buddhist texts; Chinese readings of systems as diverse as Madhyamaka, YogÄcÄra and tathÄgatagarbha; the working out of Indian concepts and problematics in new Chinese works; and previously under-studied Chinese evidence for developments in India. The authors aim to consider the ways that these Chinese materials might furnish evidence of broader Buddhist trends, thereby problematizing a prevalent notion of âsinificationâ, which has led scholars to consider such materials predominantly in terms of trends ostensibly distinctive to China. The volume also tries to go beyond seeing sixth- and seventh-century China primarily as the age of the formation and establishment of the Chinese Buddhist âschoolsâ. The authors attempt to view the ideas under study on their own terms, as valid Buddhist ideas engendered in a rich, âliminalâ space of interchange between two large traditions
Index
In this book, an international team of fourteen scholars investigates the Chinese reception of Indian Buddhist ideas, especially in the sixth and seventh centuries. Topics include Buddhist logic and epistemology (pramÄáča, yinming); commentaries on Indian Buddhist texts; Chinese readings of systems as diverse as Madhyamaka, YogÄcÄra and tathÄgatagarbha; the working out of Indian concepts and problematics in new Chinese works; and previously under-studied Chinese evidence for developments in India. The authors aim to consider the ways that these Chinese materials might furnish evidence of broader Buddhist trends, thereby problematizing a prevalent notion of âsinificationâ, which has led scholars to consider such materials predominantly in terms of trends ostensibly distinctive to China. The volume also tries to go beyond seeing sixth- and seventh-century China primarily as the age of the formation and establishment of the Chinese Buddhist âschoolsâ. The authors attempt to view the ideas under study on their own terms, as valid Buddhist ideas engendered in a rich, âliminalâ space of interchange between two large traditions.In this book, an international team of fourteen scholars investigates the Chinese reception of Indian Buddhist ideas, especially in the sixth and seventh centuries. Topics include Buddhist logic and epistemology (pramÄáča, yinming); commentaries on Indian Buddhist texts; Chinese readings of systems as diverse as Madhyamaka, YogÄcÄra and tathÄgatagarbha; the working out of Indian concepts and problematics in new Chinese works; and previously under-studied Chinese evidence for developments in India. The authors aim to consider the ways that these Chinese materials might furnish evidence of broader Buddhist trends, thereby problematizing a prevalent notion of âsinificationâ, which has led scholars to consider such materials predominantly in terms of trends ostensibly distinctive to China. The volume also tries to go beyond seeing sixth- and seventh-century China primarily as the age of the formation and establishment of the Chinese Buddhist âschoolsâ. The authors attempt to view the ideas under study on their own terms, as valid Buddhist ideas engendered in a rich, âliminalâ space of interchange between two large traditions
Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Background: Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes. Methods: We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18â85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)25â75 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)of 300â5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated reninâangiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders)were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for â„30 days)or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 sustained for â„90 days, chronic dialysis for â„90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure)in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01858532. Findings: Between May 17, 2013, and July 13, 2017, 11 087 patients were screened; 5117 entered the enrichment period, and 4711 completed the enrichment period. Of these, 2648 patients were responders and were randomly assigned to the atrasentan group (n=1325)or placebo group (n=1323). Median follow-up was 2·2 years (IQR 1·4â2·9). 79 (6·0%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 105 (7·9%)of 1323 in the placebo group had a primary composite renal endpoint event (hazard ratio [HR]0·65 [95% CI 0·49â0·88]; p=0·0047). Fluid retention and anaemia adverse events, which have been previously attributed to endothelin receptor antagonists, were more frequent in the atrasentan group than in the placebo group. Hospital admission for heart failure occurred in 47 (3·5%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 34 (2·6%)of 1323 patients in the placebo group (HR 1·33 [95% CI 0·85â2·07]; p=0·208). 58 (4·4%)patients in the atrasentan group and 52 (3·9%)in the placebo group died (HR 1·09 [95% CI 0·75â1·59]; p=0·65). Interpretation: Atrasentan reduced the risk of renal events in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease who were selected to optimise efficacy and safety. These data support a potential role for selective endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. Funding: AbbVie
Doxographical Appropriation of NÄgÄrjunaâs CatuáčŁkoáči in Chinese Sanlun and Tiantai Thought
This article reconstructs the Chinese âpractice qua exegesisâ which evolved out of the doxographical appropriation of the Indian Buddhist catuáčŁkoáči (four edges), a heuristic device for conceptual analysis and a method of assorting linguistic forms to which adherents of Madhyamaka ascribed ambiguous potential. It could conceptually clarify Buddhist doctrine, but also produce deceptive speech. According to the Chinese interpreters, conceptual and linguistic forms continue to be deceptive until the mind realizes that all it holds on or distinguishes itself from is its own fabrication. Liberation from such self-induced deceptions requires awareness of the paradox that the desire to leave them behind is itself a way of clinging to them. Chinese Sanlun and Tiantai masters tried to uncover this paradox and to disclose to practitioners how the application of the catuáčŁkoáči, on the basis of such awareness, enables proper conceptual analysis in exegesis. From this approach followed the Chinese habit of construing doxographies in which hermeneutical and soteriological intent coincide. Understanding the inner unity of doctrinal manifoldness in the translated sĆ«tra and ĆÄstra literature from India via exegesis also made it possible to apprehend the ineffable sense of liberation
A Distant Mirror : Articulating Indic Ideas in Sixth and Seventh Century Chinese Buddhism
In this book, an international team of fourteen scholars investigates the Chinese reception of Indian Buddhist ideas, especially in the sixth and seventh centuries. Topics include Buddhist logic and epistemology (pramÄáča, yinming); commentaries on Indian Buddhist texts; Chinese readings of systems as diverse as Madhyamaka, YogÄcÄra and tathÄgatagarbha; the working out of Indian concepts and problematics in new Chinese works; and previously under-studied Chinese evidence for developments in India. The authors aim to consider the ways that these Chinese materials might furnish evidence of broader Buddhist trends, thereby problematizing a prevalent notion of âsinificationâ, which has led scholars to consider such materials predominantly in terms of trends ostensibly distinctive to China. The volume also tries to go beyond seeing sixth- and seventh-century China primarily as the age of the formation and establishment of the Chinese Buddhist âschoolsâ. The authors attempt to view the ideas under study on their own terms, as valid Buddhist ideas engendered in a rich, âliminalâ space of interchange between two large traditions.In this book, an international team of fourteen scholars investigates the Chinese reception of Indian Buddhist ideas, especially in the sixth and seventh centuries. Topics include Buddhist logic and epistemology (pramÄáča, yinming); commentaries on Indian Buddhist texts; Chinese readings of systems as diverse as Madhyamaka, YogÄcÄra and tathÄgatagarbha; the working out of Indian concepts and problematics in new Chinese works; and previously under-studied Chinese evidence for developments in India. The authors aim to consider the ways that these Chinese materials might furnish evidence of broader Buddhist trends, thereby problematizing a prevalent notion of âsinificationâ, which has led scholars to consider such materials predominantly in terms of trends ostensibly distinctive to China. The volume also tries to go beyond seeing sixth- and seventh-century China primarily as the age of the formation and establishment of the Chinese Buddhist âschoolsâ. The authors attempt to view the ideas under study on their own terms, as valid Buddhist ideas engendered in a rich, âliminalâ space of interchange between two large traditions