Calcium-Dependent Persistent Facilitation of Spike Backpropagation in the CA1 Pyramidal Neurons

Sodium-dependent action potentials initiated near the soma are known to backpropagate over the dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons in an activity-dependent manner. Consequently, later spikes in a train have smaller amplitude when recorded in the apical dendrites. We found that depolarization and resultant Ca²⁺ influx into dendrites caused a persistent facilitation of spike backpropagation. Dendritic patch recordings were made from CA1 pyramidal neurons in mouse hippocampal slices under blockade of fast excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Trains of 10 backpropagating action potentials induced by antidromic stimulation showed a clear decrement in the amplitude of later spikes when recorded in the middle apical dendrites. After several depolarizing current pulses, the amplitude of later spikes increased persistently, and all spikes in a train became almost equal in size. BAPTA (10 mM) contained in the pipette or low-Ca^(2+) perfusing solution abolished this depolarization-induced facilitation, indicating that Ca²⁺ influx is required. This facilitation was present in Gα_q knock-out mice that lack the previously reported muscarinic receptor-mediated enhancement of spike backpropagation. Therefore, these two forms of facilitation are clearly distinct in their intracellular mechanisms. Intracellular injection of either calmodulin binding domain (100 μM) or Ca²⁺/calmodulin-kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor 281–301 (10 μM) blocked the depolarization-induced facilitation. Bath application of a membrane-permeable CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 (10 μM) also blocked the facilitation, but KN-92 (10 μM), an inactive isomer of KN-93, had no effect. These results suggest that increases in [Ca²⁺)]_i cause persistent facilitation of spike backpropagation in the apical dendrite of CA1 pyramidal neuron by CaMKII-dependent mechanisms

Dynamical study of the water penetration process into a cellulose acetate film studied by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microspectroscopy

The penetration process of water into a cellulose acetate film was traced in real time by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microspectroscopy. The Cdouble bond; length as m-dashO stretch mode was red-shifted due to hydrogen-bond formation. We also found that two Raman bands at 1605 cm−1 and 1665 cm−1 emerged only in the early stage of the water penetration process. Based on the combined analysis of the experimental and computational studies, these bands at 1605 cm−1 and 1665 cm−1 were assigned as the OH bend mode due to hydrogen-bonded penetrated water and hydrogen-bonded OH groups in pyranose rings, respectively

Immunoregulatory effects triggered by immunobiotic Lactobacillus jensenii TL2937 strain involve efficient phagocytosis in porcine antigen presenting cells

Background: Immunobiotic Lactobacillus jensenii TL2937 modulates porcine mononuclear phagocytes from Peyer?s patches (PPMPs) and induces a differential production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 activation. Objective: In view of the important role played by phagocytosis in the activation of antigen presenting cells (APCs), the aim of the present work was to examine the interaction of TL2937 with porcine PPMPs focusing on phagocytosis. In addition, this study aimed to investigate whether the effects of L. jensenii TL2937 in porcine blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) are similar to those found in PPMPs considering that MoDCs do not recapitulate all functions of mucosal APCs. Results: studies showed a high ability of porcine CD172a+ PPMPs to phagocytose L. jensenii TL2937. Interestingly, our results also revealed a reduced capacity of the non-immunomodulatory L. plantarum TL2766 to be phagocytosed by those immune cells. Phagocytosis of L. jensenii TL2937 by porcine PPMPs was partially dependent on TLR2. In addition, we demonstrated that TL2937 strain was able to improve the expression of IL-1, IL-12 and IL-10 in immature MoDCs resembling the effect of this immunobiotic bacterium on PPMPs. Moreover, similarly to PPMPs those immunomodulatory effects were related to the higher capacity of TL2937 to be phagocytosed by immature MoDCs. Conclusions: Microbial recognition in APCs could be effectively mediated through ligand-receptor interactions that then mediate phagocytosis and signaling. For the immunobiotic strain TL2937, TLR2 has a partial role for its interaction with porcine APCs and it is necessary to investigate the role of other receptors. A challenge for future research will be advance in the full understanding of the molecular interactions of immunobiotic L. jensenii TL2937 with porcine APCs that will be crucial for the successful development of functional feeds for the porcine host. This study is a step in that direction.Fil: Tsukida, Kohichiro. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Takahashi, Takuya. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Iida, Hikaru. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Kanmani, Paulraj. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Suda, Yoshihito. Miyagi University; JapónFil: Nochi, Tomonori. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Ohwada, Shuichi. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Aso, Hisashi. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Ohkawara, Sou. Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. Agricultural & Veterinary Division; JapónFil: Makino, Seiya. Meiji Co., Ltd. Division of Research and Development; JapónFil: Kano, Hiroshi. Meiji Co., Ltd. Division of Research and Development; JapónFil: Saito, Tadao. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Villena, Julio Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Kitazawa, Haruki. Tohoku University; Japó

Suppression of androgen receptor signaling induces prostate cancer migration via activation of the CCL20–CCR6 axis

金沢大学博士(医学）博士論文　要旨Abstract/本文Full 以下に掲載：cancer science 114(4) pp.1479-1490 2023. Wiley. 共著者：Hiroshi Kano, Kouji Izumi, Kaoru Hiratsuka, Ren Toriumi, Ryunosuke Nakagawa, Shuhei Aoyama, Taiki Kamijima, Takafumi Shimada, Renato Naito, Suguru Kadomoto, Hiroaki Iwamoto, Hiroshi Yaegashi, Shohei Kawaguchi, Takahiro Nohara, Kazuyoshi Shigehara, Yoshifumi Kadono, Yohei Saito, Kyoko Nakagawa-Goto, Kazuaki Yoshioka, Hiroki Nakata, Wen-Jye Lin, Atsushi Mizokamidoctoral thesi

Modulation of porcine intestinal epitheliocytes immunetranscriptome response by Lactobacillus jensenii TL2937

In order to evaluate probiotic strains applicable for the beneficial immunomodulation of the porcine gut (immunobiotics), we previously developed a porcine intestinal epitheliocyte cell line (PIE cells). Here, transcriptomic studies using PIE cells were performed considering that this information would be valuable for understanding the mechanisms involved in the protective activity of the immunobiotic strain Lactobacillus jensenii TL2937 against intestinal inflammatory damage in pigs. In addition, those studies would provide criteria for selecting biomarkers for the screening of new immunobiotic strains. We performed microarray analysis to investigate the transcriptomic response of PIE cells to the challenge with heat-stable Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and, the changes induced by L. jensenii TL2937 in that response. The approach allowed us to obtain a global overview of the immune genes involved in the response of PIE cells to heat-stable ETEC PAMPs. We observed that L. jensenii TL2937 differently modulated gene expression in ETEC PAMPs-challenged PIE cells. Microarray and RT-PCR analysis indicated that the most remarkable changes in PIE cells transcriptomic profile after heat-stable ETEC PAMPs challenge were observed in chemokines, adhesion molecules, complement and coagulation cascades factors. In addition, an anti-inflammatory effect triggered by TL2937 strain in PIE cells was clearly demonstrated. The decrease in the expression of chemokines (CCL8, CXCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11), complement (C1R, C1S, C3, and CFB), and coagulation factors (F3) by L. jensenii TL2937 supports our previous reports on the immunoregulatory effect of this strain. These results provided clues for the better understanding of the mechanism underlying host-immunobiotic interaction in the porcine host. The comprehensive transcriptomic profiles of PIE cells provided by our analyses successfully identified a group of genes, which could be used as prospective biomarkers for the screening and evaluation of new anti-inflammatory immunobiotics for the prevention of inflammatory intestinal disorders in pigs.Fil: Kobayashi, Hisakazu. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Albarracín, Leonardo Miguel. Tohoku University; Japón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Sato, Nana. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Kanmani, Paulraj. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Kober, Humayun A.K.M.. Tohoku University; Japón. Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. Department of Dairy and Poultry Science; BangladeshFil: Ikeda-Ohtsubo, Wakako. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Suda, Yoshihito. Miyagi University; JapónFil: Nochi, Tomonori. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Aso, Hisashi. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Makino, Seiya. Meiji Co., Ltd. Food Science Research Labs.; JapónFil: Kano, Hiroshi. Meiji Co., Ltd. Food Science Research Labs.; JapónFil: Ohkawara, Sou. Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. Agricultural and Veterinary Division; JapónFil: Saito, Tadao. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Villena, Julio Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Tohoku University; JapónFil: Kitazawa, Haruki. Tohoku University; Japó

Vibration Damping of Beams and Plates by Mastic Deadner

Mastic deadner is widely used for the vibration reduction of thin plates and beams because of its easy treatment and low cost. In this paper, the damping capacity of the mastic deadner is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The vibrations of a beam and a plate covered with the mastic deadner under an external exciting force were analyzed by making use of an eigenfunction expansion method. Experiments with the beams and the plates were carried out, and the relation between the vibration amplitude and the thickness of the mastic deadner was investigated. From the theoretical and the experimental results, the following conclusions were obtained. The vibration amplitudes at the natural frequencies are remarkably decreased by the mastic deadner. The loss factor of the plate covered with the mastic deadner is proportional to the square of the ratio of the thickness of the mastic deadner to that of the basic beam and plate. The vibration amplitude at the natural frequency is inversely proportional to the square of the thickness ratio

Biosorption of Uranium and Rare Earth Elements Using Biomass of Algae

In order to investigate the behavior of rare earth elements (REEs) and uranium (U) in marine organism, the concentrations of REEs and U in some brown algae samples taken on the coast of Niigata Prefecture were determined. In addition, laboratory model experiment to uptake these elements using living and dried algae (Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum hemiphyllum) was also carried out to survey the uptake and bioaccumulation mechanism of REEs and U in algae. Consequently, the following matters have been mainly clarified. (1) The order of the concentration of REEs for each organ in Sargassum hemiphyllum is “main branch” > “leaf” > “vesicle,” however for U, the order is “leaf” > “vesicle” > “main branch.” (2) The concentration of REEs in Sargassum hemiphyllum may be strongly affected by suspended solid in seawater. (3) The uptake and/or accumulate mechanism of REEs in brown algae may be different from that of U

Medidas de controle

The control measures preconized by Ministério da Saúde/Fundaçao Nacional de Saúde for 1990/1991, started to have a new focus when significant advances were evidenced in the two last decades and after internal meetings with participation of the cientific community interested in accompanting the actions directed to the control of schistosomiasis in our country. Since then, the priority started to be the suppressing of the occurence of advanced clinical forms, having as an objective, the detection and treatment of all carrier of Schistosoma mansoni. Beyond the control measures, factors that may interfere in the application of those measures were also boarded, the diverse phasis of field operations, the work methodology and results obtained in the first semester of 1991

Solar Lyman-Alpha Polarization Observation of the Chromosphere and Transition Region by the Sounding Rocket Experiment CLASP

We are planning an international rocket experiment Chromospheric Lyman-Alpha Spectro-Polarimeter (CLASP) is (2015 planned) that Lyman line (Ly(alpha) line) polarization spectroscopic observations from the sun. The purpose of this experiment, detected with high accuracy of the linear polarization of the Ly(alpha) lines to 0.1% by using a Hanle effect is to measure the magnetic field of the chromosphere-transition layer directly. For polarization photometric accuracy achieved that approx. 0.1% required for CLASP, it is necessary to realize the monitoring device with a high throughput. On the other hand, Ly(alpha) line (vacuum ultraviolet rays) have a sensitive characteristics that is absorbed by the material. We therefore set the optical system of the reflection system (transmission only the wavelength plate), each of the mirrors, subjected to high efficiency of the multilayer coating in accordance with the role. Primary mirror diameter of CLASP is about 30 cm, the amount of heat about 30,000 J is about 5 minutes of observation time is coming mainly in the visible light to the telescope. In addition, total flux of the sun visible light overwhelmingly large and about 200 000 times the Ly(alpha) line wavelength region. Therefore, in terms of thermal management and 0.1% of the photometric measurement accuracy achieved telescope, elimination of the visible light is essential. We therefore, has a high reflectivity (> 50%) in Ly line, visible light is a multilayer coating be kept to a low reflectance (<5%) (cold mirror coating) was applied to the primary mirror. On the other hand, the efficiency of the polarization analyzer required chromospheric magnetic field measurement (the amount of light) Conventional (magnesium fluoride has long been known as a material for vacuum ultraviolet (MgF2) manufactured ellipsometer; Rs = 22%) about increased to 2.5 times were high efficiency reflective polarizing element analysis. This device, Bridou et al. (2011) is proposed "that is coated with a thin film of the substrate MgF2 and SiO2 fused silica." As a result of the measurement, Rs = 54.5%, to achieve a Rp = 0.3%, high efficiency, of course, capable of taking out only about s-polarized light. Other reflective optical elements (the secondary mirror, the diffraction gratingcollector mirror), subjected to high-reflection coating of Al + MgF2 (reflectance of about 80%), less than 5% in the entire optical system by these (CCD Science was achieved a high throughput as a device for a vacuum ultraviolet ray of the entire system less than 5% (CCD of QE is not included)