Hyperboloidal initial data for the vacuum Einstein equations with cosmological constant

The existence of smooth hyperboloidal initial data sets for the vacuum Einstein equations with non-zero cosmological constant is studied. Supposing that the trace of the (physical) second fundamental form of the initial hypersurface is constant, there is a correspondence between the solutions of the vacuum constraints with and without cosmological constant, respectively. This enables us to extend the results proved by Andersson and Chrusciel about the smoothness of the initial data with zero cosmological constant to the case

Bondi-type systems near space-like infinity and the calculation of the NP-constants

We relate Bondi systems near space-like infinity to another type of gauge conditions. While the former are based on null infinity, the latter are defined in terms of Einstein propagation, the conformal structure, and data on some Cauchy hypersurface. For a certain class of time symmetric space-times we study an expansion which allows us to determine the behavior of various fields arising in Bondi systems in the region of space-time where null infinity touches space-like infinity. The coefficients of these expansions can be read off from the initial data. We obtain in particular expressions for the constants discovered by Newman and Penrose (NP-constants) in terms of the initial data. For this purpose we calculate a certain expansion up to 3rd order.Comment: 35 page

Repressive efficacy of lactic acid bacteria against the human pathogenic and fish-borne spoilage microbiota of fresh Indian mackerel fish chunks

Different strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) namely Lactobacillus acidophilus NCIM 2287, Lactobacillus plantarum NCIM 2085, Lactobacillus helveticus NCIM 2126 and Lactococcus lactis NCIM 2114 were procured from the National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) Pune, India. These LAB cells were individually (107 cfu/ml) sprayed using a sterile syringe on the dressed fresh mackerel fish chunks and incubated at 37°C for two days. The growth pattern of each LAB and their antagonism against fish-borne spoilage bacteria namely, specific spoilage bacteria, halophilic bacteria, coliforms, lipolytic, proteolytic bacteria and total plate count were estimated for three days. Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by Lb. acidophilus on the second day with 4.30 log difference as compared to control. The growth of specific spoilage bacteria was decreased by Lb. plantarum spray on the first day by 1.0 log difference. Lb. helveticus inhibited S. aureus on the third day by 3.5 log difference. Out of the four LABs tried, Lb. helveticus showed the best inhibitory effect against the fish-borne bacteria. All three LABs exhibited inhibition against the fish-borne spoilage bacteria, they may thus be potentially used as bio-preservative bacteria to preserve the whole fish meat or minced meat products etc. for a shorter duration.Key words: Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, antagonism, spoilage bacteria, mackerel fish

A retrospective study of 100 cases of Eclampsia: perinatal outcomes

Background: Eclampsia is associated with devastating maternal and foetal complications. Eclampsia is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Evaluation of factors contributing to occurrence of eclampsia and death of eclamptic mother is of paramount importance. The aim of the study was to determine the perinatal mortality rate in eclamptic women. To assess the perinatal outcome with respect to time between first convulsion and delivery, time of treatment and delivery .To assess the perinatal outcome and mode of delivery. In this study we have tried to know the relationship between maternal blood group and eclampsia. Methods: A retrospective study of 100 cases of eclampsia was done in P.D.U. Medical College, Rajkot. Pregnant woman diagnosed as eclampsia during this period were included. The events and outcome of mother and fetus were recorded and analyzed.Results: Around 60% of patients were primipara and 70% patients were from rural area. On evaluation of background characteristics, 65 patients were not booked, 48% patients were hypertensive and 40% were normotensive. Out of 14 maternal deaths, five had cerebral haemorrhage, 3 had pulmonary edema, 3 had renal failure and 2 developed PPH.Conclusions: Majority of the patients were unbooked and young and primigravida. Fifteen percent of eclamptic women required cesarean delivery. Most common cause for neonatal death was prematurity and its attendant complications

Geology, Petrography, and Mineralization of Sedimentary Hosted Strata-Bounded Barite Deposit at Gunga, Khuzdar District Balochistan, Pakistan

Gunga deposit is a type of sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposit located in the northwest of Khuzdar Knot within the Kirthar Fold Belt (KFB) in the south-west of Khuzdar city. This deposit is formed during the late TriassicJurassic period due to rifting of the Gondwana supercontinent. being hosted with the Anjira Member of Jurassic Shirinab Formation, hosted the Strata bounded barite mineralization in these deposits contact with the siliceous and iron-rich gossan zones. The Baritic zone indicates the complex replacement of silica with the continuous silicification which is followed by massive to brecciated type Barite. Petrographically, barite has a very fine to coarse grain texture, anhedral to euhedral crystal shape, and forms dendritic crystal structure In the Back Scattered Electron (BSE) images, the crystal morphology of Barite exhibits well-developed elongated crystal structures with medium to coarse grain texture. Energy Dispersive X-rays (EDX) graphs indicates the high peaks of Ba, S, and O elements associated with sub-peaks rockforming mineral elements (Si, Al, Na, K, and Ca) along with sub-peaks of ore-forming mineral elements (Pb, Zn, Fe, P, and Ni

Rupture uterus: a retrospective analytical study

Background: Over 500,000 women die each year due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth, a number that has remained relatively unchanged since 1990, when the first global estimates of the burden of maternal mortality were developed (WHO 2005). Objective of present study was to find out risk factors, management, related complications and associated maternal morbidity and mortality with rupture uterus.Methods: A retrospective analytical study was performed at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India over a period of 3 years during 2014-2016. Evaluation of maternal age, parity, SE status, booking status, obstetric risk factors, duration of hospital stay, causes of rupture uterus, Management, intra-op and post-operative complications, maternal morbidity and mortality was done.Results: Total 29 cases of rupture uterus were found during study period. Most of them belong to age group of 21-30 (77.17%), Primipara (41.3%), Lower socioeconomic status (86.2%) and unbooked (65.52%) cases. Most common cause of rupture uterus was prolonged obstructed labor (51.72%) while scarred uterus (41.73%), transverse lie (3.44%) and injudicious use of oxytocin (3.44%) were others. In 16 cases obstetric Hysterectomy (55.17%) was performed while in 13 cases repair (44.82%) was done. We have found 2 cases of maternal death (6.89%) while study period with rupture uterus.Conclusions: Present retrospective analytical study has concluded that rupture uterus is a life threatening complication. Proper antenatal and intrapartum care, identification of high risk factors, promotion of skilled attendance at birth and institutional delivery are key factors in reduction and early diagnosis

Uniqueness of the mass in the radiating regime

The usual approaches to the definition of energy give an ambiguous result for the energy of fields in the radiating regime. We show that for a massless scalar field in Minkowski space-time the definition may be rendered unambiguous by adding the requirement that the energy cannot increase in retarded time. We present a similar theorem for the gravitational field, proved elsewhere, which establishes that the Trautman-Bondi energy is the unique (up to a multiplicative factor) functional, within a natural class, which is monotonic in time for all solutions of the vacuum Einstein equations admitting a smooth ``piece'' of conformal null infinity Scri.Comment: 8 pages, revte