3,462 research outputs found
Evolution of Social Security in the Lap of Public Action: Recounting the Experience of Kerala
This paper is part of a large study on the Social Protection in Rural India and China. In this paper, we attempt at a critical appraisal of the historical development and experience of social security initiatives in Kerala, India. We situate the development experience of Kerala in a conceptual framework of participatory development, which we interpret in a broad context of organization and mobilization of people at specific junctures of historical progress of a society. Thus participatory development, in our view is participation in the progressive process of realization of human rights and thus in development; that is, public action, with an effective public demand and a wiling public supply, conditioned by the legitimate function of the state. It is also attempted to categorize the on-going social security schemes according to the definitional framework of our study, that is, in terms of the definitional division of social security into basic and contingent social security.Social security; Kerala; development; contingency
In the Vacuum of Public Action Social Security in Orissa: A Long Way to Go
This paper is part of a large study on the Social Protection in Rural India and China. In this paper, we attempt at a critical appraisal of the historical development and experience of social security initiatives in Orissa, India. Unlike in the context of Kerala, an unfavourable dynamics of historical conjunction of ecological, economic, social, and institutional conditions in Orissa has worked itself out to contribute to the high level of insecurity there. We argue that the failure of Orissa was in its inability to develop the forces of organization and mobilization into its logical end of participatory development process for a secured life on account of some unfavourable historical conjunction. It is also attempted in this paper to categorize the on-going social security schemes according to the definitional framework of our study, that is, in terms of the definitional division of social security into basic and contingent social security.Social security; Orissa; Development; Contingency
Social Security in India: The Long Lane Treaded and the Longer Road Ahead Towards Universalization
This paper is part of a large study on the Social Protection in Rural India and China. In this paper, we attempt at a critical appraisal of the historical development and experience of social security initiatives at the all India level. Based on the findings of the review, we visualize a road map to a more comprehensive and participatory initiatives in provision of social security by the state, while stressing the role of the civil society, non-governmental organizations and mass organizations. It is also attempted to categorize the on-going social security schemes according to the definitional framework of our study, that is, in terms of the definitional division of social security into basic and contingent social security.Social security; India; poverty; development; contingency
The welfare fund model of social security for informal sector workers : the Kerala experience
This paper examines the evolution of the institution of ‘Welfare
Funds’ for informal sector workers in the State of Kerala in India. The
Kerala experience, which is now thirty years old, reflects what the workers
in the informal sector could achieve in countries like India given the
contemporary political context and the democratic political framework
of the State. But it required sustained collective action on the part of the
workers. The paper finds that while the Welfare Fund Model of collective
care arrangements for the informal sector workers in Kerala showed
considerable innovation in its design and organisation, its functioning
is embedded in the bureaucratic system giving rise to a number of
problems. Even then the Model offers a minimum of social security to
the informal sector workers who are unprotected. Therefore the question
of replicating this Model with suitable modifications to other States in
India as well as to other countries, where there are no social security
arrangements for informal sector workers, is worth pursuing.
JEL Classification : I 30, I 38, J 50
Key words : collective care, informal sector workers, Kerala, social
security, welfare funds
An efficient method to avoid path lookup in file access auditing in IO path to improve file system IO performance
One of the biggest challenges in metadata management schemes that sit outside the filesystem layer is their ability to index meaningful path information of files that are being referenced in an external system like a database or in a metadata journal file. Path to a file is a critical requirement that allows both meaningful interpretation of the locality of the file and its metadata and also secondly allows for more efficient user mode services that can transform the file or its metadata. Additionally path information is very essential in compliance systems where audit logs need to tell what happened to a file and where it is located. However when the data path is being audited from layers such as protocols, it becomes harder to reconstruct the entire path information for all the files given that the protocol layers do not directly integrate with the underlying Filesystem. The protocol layers would then need to rely on system cache to get the path data and sometimes this may not be possible making it required for the protocol to actually do an expensive reverse path walk, reconstructing the path. This actually heavily degrades the performance of the system. In this paper we discuss a mechanism that allows us to record enough information about the file using the unique ID of itself and its parent in the protocol layer such that if and when required the path information can be reconstructed based on a reliable reverse lookup in a database or a file based journal system. The idea is to have enough information to reconstruct the path at a later time and outside the system where the information was initially originated from. The paper also talks of keeping this system consistent under all conditions
First record of Polka-dot ribbonfish Desmodema polystictum (Pisces: Trachipteridae) from Indian waters
Polka-dot ribbonfish Desmodema polystictum was recorded for the first time from Indian waters. A single specimen of
D. polystictum (107 cm total length and weighing 480 g) was collected from Tharuvaikulam landing centre, north to
Tuticorin, on the south-east coast of India during September 2010. The distinguishing characters of the species from other
species of the family are discussed. Morphometric and meristic characters of D. polystictum are presented in this paper.
With the present report, the distribution area of this species now extends to the Indian waters
Interference Alignment in Regenerating Codes for Distributed Storage: Necessity and Code Constructions
Regenerating codes are a class of recently developed codes for distributed
storage that, like Reed-Solomon codes, permit data recovery from any arbitrary
k of n nodes. However regenerating codes possess in addition, the ability to
repair a failed node by connecting to any arbitrary d nodes and downloading an
amount of data that is typically far less than the size of the data file. This
amount of download is termed the repair bandwidth. Minimum storage regenerating
(MSR) codes are a subclass of regenerating codes that require the least amount
of network storage; every such code is a maximum distance separable (MDS) code.
Further, when a replacement node stores data identical to that in the failed
node, the repair is termed as exact.
The four principal results of the paper are (a) the explicit construction of
a class of MDS codes for d = n-1 >= 2k-1 termed the MISER code, that achieves
the cut-set bound on the repair bandwidth for the exact-repair of systematic
nodes, (b) proof of the necessity of interference alignment in exact-repair MSR
codes, (c) a proof showing the impossibility of constructing linear,
exact-repair MSR codes for d < 2k-3 in the absence of symbol extension, and (d)
the construction, also explicit, of MSR codes for d = k+1. Interference
alignment (IA) is a theme that runs throughout the paper: the MISER code is
built on the principles of IA and IA is also a crucial component to the
non-existence proof for d < 2k-3. To the best of our knowledge, the
constructions presented in this paper are the first, explicit constructions of
regenerating codes that achieve the cut-set bound.Comment: 38 pages, 12 figures, submitted to the IEEE Transactions on
Information Theory;v3 - The title has been modified to better reflect the
contributions of the submission. The paper is extensively revised with
several carefully constructed figures and example
Numerical control of laser processing and simulation of microstructures and temperature profiles - a fuzzy approach
The use of high power density laser beam for surface modification of many important alloys often leads to appreciable changes in the composition & tribological properties. These changes are dependent on process variables such as beam size, energy, scan rate, laser
mode and the Chemistry and metallurgy of steel. Appro-ximate solutions to heat flow equations are combined
with kinetic models to predict the microstructures and temperature distributions. A transient fuzzy logic
based heat flow model is developed to predict temperature
zones instead of discrete temperature calculations. A set of separate membership functions are formulated for dete-rmining temperature zones by means of continuous iteration process the same method is adopted to evaluate micro-structures for a specific temperature zone by incorporat-ing the kinetic and thermal datas available. Alloy steel of CK45 grade and stainless steel of 316 grade are used for this investigations and the results obtained are compared with the temperature profiles obtained from conventional methods and hence their microstructures. An attempt is also made to compute the dendrite cell width distribution during laser melt solidification of 316 LN steel by means of the above mentioned method
- …