Literary View of Today's Female authors

In ancient times, our society gave importance to women and it was women who led the society. Bharatiyar and Thanthai Periyar are notable among those who have highlighted the position of women in Tamil literature from a different perspective. This article examines how the writer reflects his society and environment in his works. This article examines about the doubts that raise among the writers, about the injustices to women in literary work of male writers, beautify imagination and parables through new poetry to express and understad feminist revolutionary ideas in the literary works of some female authors

A serological study of leptospirosis in Chennai

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of mammals caused by serovars belonging to the spirocheate Leptospira interrogans. Commonly occurs in tropical and sub tropical regions.Methods: A total number of 2180 suspected cases were included in the study during the period April 2014 to June 2014. All the samples were subjected to macroscopic slide agglutination test (MSAT). Suspected leptospirosis cases (n=2180) in the Chennai city and its suburbs were clinically evaluated.Results: The most common presentation involved was specific signs and symptoms including fever, myalgia and headache (99%). Fever followed by jaundice and renal failure were observed in 3.74% cases. Fever followed by chills, skin rashes, cough, vomiting were observed in 2.43% cases. About 30% of the infected people were found in the age group of above 60 years. Female (57 %) were found predominantly infected when compared to male (43 %). Out of 2180 suspected cases 534 (32%) were found infected due to leptospirosis during the summer by MSAT method. (April ’14-June’14).Conclusions: This study shows leptospirosis found more common among female than male, probably due to occupational status of leptospirosis. Based on our study we suggest that senior age group people (age more than 60 years) are highly proven to this disease probably due to the less immunity factor

Study of the clinical course and optical coherence tomography analysis of macular thickness in Neuroretinitis.

Neuroretinitis is a form of optic neuropathy characterized by acute unilateral visual loss in the setting of optic disc swelling and hard exudates arranged in a star figure around the fovea. It affects persons of all ages, although it occurs more often in the third and fourth decades of life, with no gender predilection. It is mostly unilateral and may be precipitated by various known and unknown factors. Neuroretinitis is a rare clinical entity often confused with the more common papillitis or papilledema. The fundus pictures have several common features and can be mistaken for one another by ill-experienced clinicians and sometimes even by ophthalmologists and neurologists. However, there are certain diagnostic features distinctive for neuroretinitis. It is a distinct clinical entity with a different etiopathogenesis. Likewise its management and prognosis too differs from fundoscopically similar entities encountered more often in our clinical practice. To conclude in our study the following observations were made 1. Neuroretinitis was more common between 3rd to 4th decades of life. 2. Males and females were equally affected. 3. Presentation was unilateral in most of the cases. 4. Bilateral presentation was common in children. 5. Bilateral presentation was most likely to be associated with an infectious etiology. 6. In adults with systemic manifestations, infectious etiology should be ruled out. 7. Presenting visual acuity was between 6/60 and 6/36 in 45.4% of patients. 8. Visual acuity was 6/24 or better in patients who presented late during the course of illness suggesting spontaneous recovery. 9. All the patients had final visual acuity of 6/9 or better. 10. Metamorphosia was present in 90.91% of patients at the time of presentation. 11. Central and centrocaecal scotoma was the commonest visual field defect encountered. 12. Metamorphosia resolved in 95% of patients. 13. Central and centrocaecal field defects resolved in all patients. 14. Pupil showed relative afferent pupillary defect in 91% of eyes at the time of presentation. 15. RAPD improved with visual improvement. 16. Colour vision was defective in 91% of eyes 17. Colour vision returned to normal in all cases. 18. Macular edema was observed as early as 5 days. 19. Hard exudates were present in the macula as early as 7 days after the onset of visual symptoms. 20. Disc edema started resolving with appearance of hard exudates in macula and was complete at 4 weeks. 21. Visual acuity and field defects improved with the resolution of macular edema suggesting that macular edema was the cause of defective vision and field defects. 22. Neuroretinitis was idiopathic in etiology in 70% of patients. 23. Tuberculosis and Toxoplasmosis was the common infectious agent in 25% of patients. 24. Visual improvement was faster when treated with steroids and antibiotics 25. No significant difference in final visual acuity on treatment with either Tab. Cipro or Cap .Doxy. 26. Optical coherence tomography of macula showed serous macular detachment in all cases 27. OCT demonstrated flattening of the foveal contour, thickening of the neurosensory retina, and accumulation of sub retinal fluid (SRF) in all studied eyes. Retinal exudates appeared as multiple hyper-reflective foci in the outer plexiform layer. 28. Improvement in visual acuity was associated with resolution of macular edema on fundoscopy and reduction of macular thickness on OCT. 29. Hard exudates became more prominent with resolution of macular edema and resolution of disc edema. 30. Hard exudates were present on fundus examination in 72% of cases at 4 weeks follow up. OCT demonstrated hard exudates in 91% of cases. 31. Reduction of macular edema correlated well with improvement in visual acuity rather than resolution of hard exudates. 32. Persistence of metamorphosia in some cases may be due to persistence of hard exudates at macula demonstrated well on OCT. 33. Macular thickness on OCT correlated well with visual acuity. Greater the central macular thickness poorer the visual acuity. OCT is an adjuvant tool in management of neuroretinitis. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY Due to economic constraints, ELISA for Toxocara and Bartonella were not done in our study

A Perturbed Self-organizing Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm to solve Multiobjective TSP

Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a very important NP-Hard problem getting focused more on these days. Having improvement on TSP, right now consider the multi-objective TSP (MOTSP), broadened occurrence of travelling salesman problem. Since TSP is NP-hard issue MOTSP is additionally a NP-hard issue. There are a lot of algorithms and methods to solve the MOTSP among which Multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition is appropriate to solve it nowadays. This work presents a new algorithm which combines the Data Perturbation, Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and MOEA/D to solve the problem of MOTSP, named Perturbed Self-Organizing multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm (P-SMEA). In P-SMEA Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is used extract neighborhood relationship information and with MOEA/D subproblems are generated and solved simultaneously to obtain the optimal solution. Data Perturbation is applied to avoid the local optima. So by using the P-SMEA, MOTSP can be handled efficiently. The experimental results show that P-SMEA outperforms MOEA/D and SMEA on a set of test instances

SKELETAL MUSCLE: ONE OF THE SILENT TARGETS OF DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS

ABSTRACTObjective: Muscle weakness in diabetes has been considered a rare manifestation associated with severe diabetic neuropathy. However, similarfindings are lacking in individuals with early diabetes. Handgrip strength is a reliable measurement of the disability index. The present study wasdesigned to determine the effect of early Type 2 diabetes on handgrip strength in adults by handgrip dynamometer.Methods: 30 subjects with diabetes (1-5 years duration) were taken as case, and thirty age and sex-matched subjects without diabetes were takenas controls. Subjects with hypertension, heart diseases, and neuromuscular disorders were excluded. Skeletal muscle function was determined usinghand grip dynamometer. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured thrice and best of that it was taken. For endurance time (ET) 50% ofMVC was taken. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and random blood sugar testing was done.Results: Compared to controls, cases had decreased mid forearm circumference (23.97±1.7 cm vs. 23.8±2.7 cm, p<0.005). MVC and ET were alsosignificantly reduced in cases when compared with control subjects (MVC, 32.46±6.865 kg vs. 22.48±4.420 kg, p<0.025) and ET (44.57±17.294 secondsvs. 16.63±9.810 seconds, p<0.022).Conclusion: Our study suggests that there is a decline in skeletal muscle strength in type 2 diabetes even before the disease manifests severely.This provides evidence that impaired grip strength is associated with adverse metabolic profile, in addition, to the loss of physical function, and thepotential for grip strength to be used in the clinical setting needs to be explored.Keywords: Skeletal muscle function, Handgrip, Diabetes, Endurance time, Maximum voluntary contraction

Conceptual Framework on Workplace Deviance Behavior: A Review

This article aims to highlight the importance of organizational climate with both destructive and constructive deviance behaviour in different cultural setting with workplace as a common ground. First, we discuss the need for research in workplace deviance especially destructive and constructive deviance behaviour with the review of previous studies from deviance literature. Next, we present the importance of climate and culture with both destructive and constructive deviance by proposing relationship among them with the help of a framework. The presented theoretical framework can be useful for conducting future empirical research. Finally, we present the conclusion and future research in conducting cross-national research with respect to deviance

Approaches in biotechnological applications of natural polymers

Natural polymers, such as gums and mucilage, are biocompatible, cheap, easily available and non-toxic materials of native origin. These polymers are increasingly preferred over synthetic materials for industrial applications due to their intrinsic properties, as well as they are considered alternative sources of raw materials since they present characteristics of sustainability, biodegradability and biosafety. As definition, gums and mucilages are polysaccharides or complex carbohydrates consisting of one or more monosaccharides or their derivatives linked in bewildering variety of linkages and structures. Natural gums are considered polysaccharides naturally occurring in varieties of plant seeds and exudates, tree or shrub exudates, seaweed extracts, fungi, bacteria, and animal sources. Water-soluble gums, also known as hydrocolloids, are considered exudates and are pathological products; therefore, they do not form a part of cell wall. On the other hand, mucilages are part of cell and physiological products. It is important to highlight that gums represent the largest amounts of polymer materials derived from plants. Gums have enormously large and broad applications in both food and non-food industries, being commonly used as thickening, binding, emulsifying, suspending, stabilizing agents and matrices for drug release in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In the food industry, their gelling properties and the ability to mold edible films and coatings are extensively studied. The use of gums depends on the intrinsic properties that they provide, often at costs below those of synthetic polymers. For upgrading the value of gums, they are being processed into various forms, including the most recent nanomaterials, for various biotechnological applications. Thus, the main natural polymers including galactomannans, cellulose, chitin, agar, carrageenan, alginate, cashew gum, pectin and starch, in addition to the current researches about them are reviewed in this article.. }To the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfíico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for fellowships (LCBBC and MGCC) and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nvíel Superior (CAPES) (PBSA). This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, the Project RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462) and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) (JAT)