Obstructions for automorphic quasiregular maps and Latt\`es-type uniformly quasiregular maps

Suppose that $M$ is a closed, connected, and oriented Riemannian $n$-manifold, $f \colon \mathbb{R}^n \to M$ is a quasiregular map automorphic under a discrete group $\Gamma$ of Euclidean isometries, and $f$ has finite multiplicity in a fundamental cell of $\Gamma$. We show that if $\Gamma$ has a sufficiently large translation subgroup $\Gamma_T$, then $\dim \Gamma \in \{0, n-1, n\}$. If $f$ is strongly automorphic and induces a non-injective Latt\`es-type uniformly quasiregular map, then the same holds without the assumption on the size of $\Gamma_T$. Moreover, an even stronger restriction holds in the Latt\`es case if $M$ is not a rational cohomology sphere.Comment: Version 2 includes a short yet significant improvement to the original results, pointed out to the author by Sylvester Eriksson-Biqu

Cheeger's differentiation theorem via the multilinear Kakeya inequality

Suppose that $(X,d,\mu)$ is a metric measure space of finite Hausdorff dimension and that, for every Lipschitz $f \colon X \to \mathbb R$, $\operatorname{Lip}(f,\cdot)$ is dominated by every upper gradient of $f$. We show that $X$ is a Lipschitz differentiability space, and the differentiable structure of $X$ has dimension at most $\dim_{\mathrm{H}} X$. Since our assumptions are satisfied whenever $X$ is doubling and satisfies a Poincar\'e inequality, we thus obtain a new proof of Cheeger's generalisation of Rademacher's theorem. Our approach uses Guth's multilinear Kakeya inequality for neighbourhoods of Lipschitz graphs to show that any non-trivial measure with $n$ independent Alberti representations has Hausdorff dimension at least $n$.Comment: 14 page

Teiskon maiseman- ja luonnonhoidon yleissuunnitelma

Perinteisen karjatalouden muovaamat perinnebiotoopit, kuten kedot, niityt, hakamaat ja metsälaitumet, ovat monimuotoisimpia luontoympäristöjämme. Hoidon myötä arvokkaat maisemat säilyvät avoimina. Härkää sarvista on ylimaakunnallinen hanke, jonka tavoitteena on arvokkaiden kohteiden laidunnushoidon järjestäminen. Tampereen Teisko on valittu yhdeksi hankkeen kohdealueista, joille on laadittu maiseman- ja luonnonhoidon yleissuunnitelma. Yleissuunnitelmassa ovat mukana arvokkaat perinnebiotoopit, jotka on inventoitu 1990-luvulla. Lisäksi mukaan on valittu kohteita, jotka ovat lajistoltaan monimuotoisia, riittävän suuria laidunnuskohteiksi tai sijaitsevat maisemallisesti keskeisillä paikoilla. Suunnitelma sisältää tietoa hoitomenetelmistä ja rahoitusmahdollisuuksista, ja niistä on myös tiedotettu suunnittelun aikana. Tavoitteena on saada kohteita hoidon piiriin, innostaa maanomistajia ja löytää kohteille hoitajiksi karjatilallisia ja paikallisia yhdistyksiä. Mahdolliset hoitotoimenpiteet perustuvat täysin vapaaehtoisuuteen. Hankkeen puitteissa voidaan avustaa kohteiden hoidon suunnittelussa ja rahoitusten hakemisessa. Yleissuunnittelun maastotyöt ja tiedotus toteutettiin kesän ja syksyn 2010 aikana. Härkää sarvista- hankkeen toiminta-aika on 1.6.2009–31.5.2012. Hanketta toteuttavat Keski-Suomen, Pirkanmaan, Etelä-Pohjanmaan ja Etelä-Savon ELY-keskukset sekä alueelliset ProAgriat

Practical Usage of Multiple-Choice Questions as Part of Learning and Self-Evaluation

The poster describes how the multiple-choice questions could be a part of learning, not only assessing. We often think of the role of questions only in order to test the student's skills. We have tested how questions could be a part of learning in our web-based course of information retrieval in Lapland University.In web-based learning there is a need for high-quality mediators. Mediators are learning promoters which trigger, support, and amplify learning. Mediators can be human mediators or tool mediators. The tool mediators are for example; tests, tutorials, guides and diaries. The multiple-choice questions can also be learning promoters which select, interpret and amplify objects for learning.What do you have to take into account when you are preparing multiple-choice questions as mediators? First you have to prioritize teaching objectives: what must be known and what should be known. According to our experience with contact learning, you can assess what the things are that students have problems with and need more guidance on.The most important addition to the questions is feedback during practice. The questions’ answers (wrong or right) are not important. The feedback on the answers are important to guide students on how to search. The questions promote students’ self-regulation and self-evaluation. Feedback can be verbal, a screenshot or a video. We have added a verbal feedback for every question and also some screenshots and eight videos in our web-based course

Improving oncolytic adenoviral therapies for gastrointestinal cancers and tumor initiating cells

Although the treatment of most cancers has improved steadily, only few metastatic solid tumors can be cured. Despite responses, refractory clones often emerge and the disease becomes refractory to available treatment modalities. Furthermore, resistance factors are shared between different treatment regimens and therefore loss of response typically occurs rapidly, and there is a tendency for cross-resistance between agents. Therefore, new agents with novel mechanisms of action and lacking cross-resistance to currently available approaches are needed. Modified oncolytic adenoviruses, featuring cancer-celective cell lysis and spread, constitute an interesting drug platform towards the goals of tumor specificity and the implementation of potent multimodal treatment regimens. In this work, we demonstrate the applicability of capsid-modified, transcriptionally targeted oncolytic adenoviruses in targeting gastric, pancreatic and breast cancer. A variety of capsid modified adenoviruses were tested for transductional specificity first in gastric and pancreatic cancer cells and patient tissues and then in mice. Then, oncolytic viruses featuring the same capsid modifications were tested to confirm that successful transductional targeting translates into enhanced oncolytic potential. Capsid modified oncolytic viruses also prolonged the survival of tumor bearing orthotopic models of gastric and pancreatic cancer. Taken together, oncolytic adenoviral gene therapy could be a potent drug for gastric and pancreatic cancer, and its specificity, potency and safety can be modulated by means of capsid modification. We also characterized a new intraperitoneal virus delivery method in benefit for the persistence of gene delivery to intraperitoneal gastric and pancreatic cancer tumors. With a silica implant a steady and sustained virus release to the vicinity of the tumor improved the survival of the orthotopic tumor bearing mice. Furthermore, silica gel-based virus delivery lowered the toxicity mediating proimflammatory cytokine response and production of total and anti-adenovirus neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). On the other hand, silica shielded the virus against pre-excisting NAbs, resulting in a more favourable biodistribution in the preimmunized mice. The silica implant might therefore be of interest in treating intraperitoneally disseminated disease. Cancer stem cells are thought to be resistant to conventional cancer drugs and might play an important role in cancer relapse and the formation of metastasis. Therefore, we examined if transcriptionally modified oncolytic adenoviruses are able to kill these cells. Complete eradication of CD44+CD24-/low putative breast cancer stem cells was seen in vitro, and significant antitumor activity was detected in CD44+CD24-/low –derived tumor bearing mice. Thus, genetically engineered oncolytic adenoviruses have potential in destroying cancer initiating cells, which may have relevance for the elimination of cancer stem cells in humans.Vaikka syöpähoitojen viimeaikainen kehitys on ollut nopeaa, etäpesäkkeitä lähettäneet syövät ovat harvoin parannettavissa. Onnistuneen hoidon jälkeenkin resistentit solukloonit aiheuttavat syövän uusiutumisen, jolloin syöpä kaikkiaan on tullut hoidoille yhä vastustuskykyisemmäksi. Resistenssin aiheuttavat tekijät ovat yhteisiä eri hoitomuotoilla, jolloin hoitovaste tyypillisesti huononee nopeasti resistenssin ilmenemisen jälkeen. Uusien eri vaikutusmekanismeihin perustuvien hoitojen tarve onkin ilmeinen. Onkolyyttiset adenovirukset on geneettisesti muokattu jakautumaan syöpäsoluissa ja tappamaan niitä. Nämä virukset edustavat lupaavaa täsmälääkettä syövän hoitoon, ja erityisesti muiden hoitomuotojen lisänä. Tässä työssä avaamme uusia mahdollisuuksia onkolyyttisten adenovirusten käyttöön mahasyövän, haimasyövän ja rintasyövän hoidossa. Kapsidimuokkauksilla ohjataan virus sitoutumaan syöpäsolujen pinnassa ilmentyviin reseptoreihin. Kapsidimuokattujen adenovirusten transduktiotehokkuutta mitattiin ensin maha- ja haimasyöpäsoluissa sekä potilasnäytteissä, ja sitten hiirimalleissa. Varmistimme vastaavalla tavalla kapsidimuokatuilla onkolyyttisillä viruksilla lisääntyneen transduktiotehokkuuden vaikutuksen myötävaikuttavan virusten onkolyyttiseen tehoon. Onkolyyttiset virukset myös pidensivät ortotooppisten haima- ja mahasyöpää mallintavien hiirien elinaikaa. Onkolyyttinen adenovirusgeeniterapia saattaa osoittautua lupaavaksi hoitomuodoksi haima- ja mahasyövän hoidossa, ja hoidon tarkkuuteen, tehoon ja turvallisuuteen voidaan vaikuttaa kapsidimuokkauksen avulla. Kuvaamme myös uuden virusten annostelumenetelmän vatsaonteloon, joka kestollisesti parantaa geeninsiirtoa vatsaontelon haima- ja mahasyöpäkasvaimiin. Silikageeli-implanteilla saatiin ohjattua virusta vapautumaan kasvaimen välittömään läheisyyteen tasaisesti ja pitkittyneesti, joka paransi ortotooppisten syöpämallien selviytymistä in vivo. Silikageeliannostelu madalsi proinflammatorista sytokiinivastetta sekä kokonais- ja neutraloivien vasta-aineiden (NAb) tuottoa. Toisaalta, silika suojasi virusta jo olemassa olevilta NAbeilta, joka johti suotuisampaan biodistribuutioon immunisoiduissa hiirissä. Silika saattaa olla käyttökelpoinen vatsaonteloon levinneen syövän virushoidoissa. Syövän kantasolut ovat resistenttejä yleisille syöpähoidoille, ja ne ovat oleellisia syövän uusimisessa ja etäpesäkkeiden lähettämisessä. Tutkimme, voidaanko näitä soluja tappaa jakaantumiseltaan kohdennetuilla onkolyyttisillä adenoviruksilla. Virukset tappoivat täysin CD44+CD24-/low solupopulaatiot, joissa syövän kantasolut ovat, ja ne olivat tehokkaita myös in vivo CD44+CD24-/low –soluista kasvatetuissa kasvaimissa. Geneettisesti muokatuilla onkolyyttisillä adenoviruksilla on mahdollista tappaa syövän kantasoluja, mikä voi osoittautua kliinisesti merkittäväksi tiedoksi

Is the Medical Brain Drain Beneficial? Evidence from Overseas Doctors in the UK

The ¿beneficial brain drain¿ hypothesis suggests that skilled migration can be good for a sending countrybecause the incentives it creates for training increase that country¿s supply of skilled labour. To work, thishypothesis requires that the degree of screening of migrants by the host country is limited and that thepossibility of migration actually encourages home country residents to obtain education. We studied theimplications of doctors¿ migration by conducting a survey among overseas doctors in the UK. The resultssuggest that the overseas doctors who come to the UK are carefully screened and that only a minority of doctorsfrom developing countries considered the possibility of migration when they chose to obtain medical education.The incentive effect is thus probably not large enough to increase the skills-supply in developing countries.Doctors do, however, remit income to their home countries and many intend to return after completing theirtraining in the UK, so there could be benefits via these routes.brain drain, international labour market, professional labour markets, doctors, physicians,international migration

Brandi - tie menestykseen?

Tämän opinnäytetyön aiheena oli perehtyä ja tutkia brändien maailmaa. Brändi on se lisäarvo, jonka tuote tai palvelu saa ihmisten mielissä. Eri lähteisiin tutustuessani huomasin, miten brändi voidaan rakentaa hyvinkin eri tavoilla eikä kaikkia brändejä voi rakentaa samalla kaavalla. Tuotteen ominaisuudet ja yrityksen identiteetti vaikuttavat brändien rakentamiseen. Yhteistä kaikille oli kuitenkin brändin tärkeys yritykselle itselleen, kuluttajille ja ennen kaikkea yrityksen sidosryhmille. Halusin työssäni myös tutkia brändin etiikkaa, koska siitä on tullut yksi tärkeimmistä asioista markkinoinnissa. Yritysten on huomioitava kuluttajien arvot ja ennen kaikkea ympäristön rajallisuus. Brändistä on tullut trendisana viime vuosina. Mitä brändi oikeastaan on ja mitä se edellyttää yritykseltä? Miksi yrityksen kannattaa panostaa brändin rakentamiseen aikaa ja rahaa? Näitä kysymyksiä halusin selventää ja löysinkin vastauksen. Brändin käsite on niin laaja ja halusinkin opinnäytetyössäni liikkua aika kapealla sektorilla. Muuten olisi vaarana ollut aiheen leviäminen kuten monelle yritykselle on käynyt brändiä laajentaessaan. Brändin rakentajan kun pitäisi ymmärtää asioita psykologiasta markkinointiin asti. Viime päivien uutisissa on paljon puhuttu brändeistä. Suomi-brändiä pitäisi rakentaa ja politiikoista tehdään brändejä. Mikä tämän kaiken tarkoitus sitten on? Ihmisillä on oltava idoleita ja nykyajan tietoyhteiskunnassa tiedon saaminen sekä levittäminen on helppoa. Ihmisten vapaa-aika lisääntyy ja on aikaa seurata julkkisten edesottamuksia. Tutkimustyöni on kannattanut ja olen oppinut ymmärtämään markkinamiehiä paremmin. Olin negatiivinen ja epäileväinen koko ”brändi-maniaa” kohtaan. Asioita selvittämällä opein ymmärtämään, että brändit muodostavat oman maailmansa, jota me kuluttajat haluamme olla luomassa. Omilla valinnoillamme tuemme brändejä ja hyväksymme niiden olemassaolon sekä tarvitsemme niitä. Tämä on tosiasia, halusimmepa sitten asian myöntää tai emme. Teemme valintoja päivittäin ja valintojen takana on kokemuksemme, mieltymyksemme ja odotuksemme.The subject of this bachelor's thesis was to study and get acquainted with the world of brands. Brand is the factor that adds value to a product or service in people's minds. As I went through different sources, I found out that a brand can be created in many different ways, but the same idea cannot be used with all brands. Product properties and company image have a strong effect on the construction of the brand. However, the importance of the brand to the company, the consumers and most of all to the company's interest groups was commonly acknowledged. In my research, I also wanted to study the ethics of brands, because it has become one of the most important things in marketing. The companies must take into account the consumers' values and, above all, the limitations of the environment. Brand has become a trendy word during the last few years. Actually, what is a brand and what is expected of a company that is in the process of creating one? Why is it worthwhile for a company to invest time and money in forming a brand? I wanted to find answers to these questions, and I did. The concept of a brand is very wide, but in my thesis I wanted to study just a narrow sector of the subject, otherwise there would have been a risk of expanding the study too much. Many companies have become familiar with the scattering effect, when they have started to expand their brand. The brand designers should be experts in everything from psychology to marketing. Brands have been the topic of the day in the news for a few days now. Brand of Finland should be created and politicians are made into brands. What is the meaning of it all? People need idols and role models and in today's information society acquiring information and spreading it is easy. Leisure time increases and allows people to spend more time following the interesting lives of the celebrities. My study has been worthwhile and I have learned to understand marketing people better. I was negative and sceptical towards manic obsessions of brands. By finding out more details, I have realized that brands form a world of their own and we, the consumers, are willing to help in developing it. We support different brands and accept their existence by making choices. We need them. This is a fact whether or not we are ready to admit it. We make choices every day and the choices are determined by our experiences, preferences and expectations

The Economic Impact of Migration: Productivity Analysis for Spain and the United Kingdom

Increased internationalization over the past 20 years has meant that labour has become increasingly mobile, and whilst employment and earnings effects have been extensively analysed in host and source nations, the implications for firm and industry performance have been largely ignored. This paper explores the direct economic consequences of immigration on host nations’ productivity performance at a sectoral level. We consider its impact in two very different European countries, Spain and the UK. Whilst the UK has traditionally had a substantial in-flow of migration, for Spain, the phenomenon is much more recent. The paper provides an overview of the role played by immigration on per capita income, highlighting the importance of demographic differences. We then go on to analyze the role of migration on productivity using two different approaches: i) growth accounting methodology and ii) econometric estimation of a production function. Our findings indicate that migration has had very different implications for Spain and the UK, migrants being more productive than natives in the UK but less productive than natives in Spain. This may in part be a function of different immigration policies, particularly related to the skill requirements on entry, but also in part a feature of the host nations’ ability to ‘absorb’ foreign labour.Key words: migration, productivity, industries

The Economic Impact of Migration – Productivity Analysis for Spain and the UK

As a consequence of increased internationalization over the past 20 years labour has become increasingly mobile, and yet the implications for firm and industry performance have been largely ignored. This paper explores the direct economic consequences of immigration on host nations’ productivity performance at a sectoral level. We consider its impact in two very different European countries, Spain and the UK. Whilst the UK has traditionally had a substantial in-flow of migration, for Spain, the phenomenon is much more recent. The paper provides an overview of the role played by immigration on per capita income, highlighting the importance of demographic differences. We then go on to analyze the role of migration on productivity using two different approaches: i) growth accounting methodology and ii) econometric estimation of a production function. Our findings indicate that migration has had very different implications for Spain and the UK, migrants being more productive than natives in the UK but less productive than natives in Spain. This may in part be a function of different immigration policies, particularly related to the skill requirements on entry, but also in part a feature of the host nations’ ability to ‘absorb’ foreign labour.Migration, productivity