Poly[dimethyl­ammonium [aquadi-μ2-oxalato-samarate(III)] trihydrate]

In the title complex, {(C2H8N)[Sm(C2O4)2(H2O)]·3H2O}n, the SmIII atom is chelated by four oxalate ligands and one water mol­ecule forming a distorted tricapped trigonal–prismatic geometry. Each oxalate ligand chelates to two SmIII atoms, generating a three-dimensional anionic network with cavities in which the ammonium cations and lattice water mol­ecules reside. Various O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions further stablize the crystal structure

3,3′-(m-Phenyl­enedi­oxy)diphthalonitrile

In the title compound, C22H10N4O2, the dihedral angles between the mean planes of the central benzene ring and the pendant rings are 79.20 (6) and 80.29 (6)°. The dihedral angle between the pendant rings is 10.27 (7)°

Poly[dimethyl­ammonium [aquadi-μ2-oxalato-yttriate(III)] trihydrate]

The title complex, {(C2H8N)[Y(C2O4)2(H2O)]·3H2O}n, was obtained accidentally under hydro­thermal conditions. The YIII atom is chelated by four oxalate ligands and one water mol­ecule resulting in a distorted tricapped trigonal–prismatic geometry. Each oxalate ligand bridges two YIII atoms, thus generating a three-dimensional network with cavities in which the ammonium cations and lattice water mol­ecules reside. Various O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions stabilize the crystal structure. The title complex is isotypic with the Eu and Dy analogues

Differential Evolution-based 3D Directional Wireless Sensor Network Deployment Optimization

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are applied more and more widely in real life. In actual scenarios, 3D directional wireless sensors (DWSs) are constantly employed, thus, research on the real-time deployment optimization problem of 3D directional wireless sensor networks (DWSNs) based on terrain big data has more practical significance. Based on this, we study the deployment optimization problem of DWSNs in the 3D terrain through comprehensive consideration of coverage, lifetime, connectivity of sensor nodes, connectivity of cluster headers and reliability of DWSNs. We propose a modified differential evolution (DE) algorithm by adopting CR-sort and polynomial-based mutation on the basis of the cooperative coevolutionary (CC) framework, and apply it to address deployment problem of 3D DWSNs. In addition, to reduce computation time, we realize implementation of message passing interface (MPI) parallelism. As is revealed by the experimentation results, the modified algorithm proposed in this paper achieves satisfying performance with respect to either optimization results or operation time

Growth-regulating factor 5 (GRF5)-mediated gene regulatory network promotes leaf growth and expansion in poplar

Although polyploid plants have larger leaves than their diploid counterparts, the molecular mechanisms underlying this difference (or trait) remain elusive. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between triploid and full-sib diploid poplar trees were identified from two transcriptomic data sets followed by a gene association study among DEGs to identify key leaf growth regulators. Yeast one-hybrid system, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and dual-luciferase assay were employed to substantiate that PpnGRF5-1 directly regulated PpnCKX1. The interactions between PpnGRF5-1 and growth-regulating factor (GRF)-interacting factors (GIFs) were experimentally validated and a multilayered hierarchical regulatory network (ML-hGRN)-mediated by PpnGRF5-1 was constructed with top-down graphic Gaussian model (GGM) algorithm by combining RNA-sequencing data from its overexpression lines and DAP-sequencing data. PpnGRF5-1 is a negative regulator of PpnCKX1. Overexpression of PpnGRF5-1 in diploid transgenic lines resulted in larger leaves resembling those of triploids, and significantly increased zeatin and isopentenyladenine in the apical buds and third leaves. PpnGRF5-1 also interacted with GIFs to increase its regulatory diversity and capacity. An ML-hGRN-mediated by PpnGRF5-1 was obtained and could largely elucidate larger leaves. PpnGRF5-1 and the ML-hGRN-mediated by PpnGRF5-1 were underlying the leaf growth and development