REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF TUBERCULOSIS MORTALITY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (1975-2014)

Tuberculosis mortality was analyzed basing on regional differentiation in the Russian Federation in 1975-2014. Stable differences between regions when distributing this rate and its changes through time were evaluated as per two geographical regions. One of them was described by a spatial gradient pointing at the increase of the rate along the geographical axis from the north to the south. The second direction complied with the differentiation gradient presenting the increase in tuberculosis mortality in the direction from the west to the east. The article also demonstrates certain advantages and limitations of this spatial distribution analysis of generalized tuberculosis mortality rates

Выявление случаев туберкулеза и других инфекций во время пандемии COVID-19

Based on 12 publications, official data on the detection of cases of tuberculosis and other infectious diseases in England and Wales, Germany and South Korea in 2020 and 2019 were compared. The results indicate that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a decrease in the number of detected cases of all major infectious diseases, and the percentage of reduction in tuberculosis detection is lower versus other infections.С использованием 12 литературных источников проведено сравнение официальных данных о выявлении случаев туберкулеза и других инфекционных заболеваний в Англии и Уэльсе, Германии и Южной Корее в 2020 и 2019 г. Полученные результаты указывают, что в период пандемии COVID-19 наблюдается снижение числа выявленных случаев всех основных инфекционных заболеваний, причем при туберкулезе процент снижения меньше, чем для других инфекций

ГЕОГРАФИЯ АСКАРИДОЗА В БЕЛАРУСИ: СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНЫЙ И АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТЫ (ЧАСТЬ 2)

Objective of research: The epidemiological analysis of spatial distribution of ascariasis among the population in different regions of Belarus taking into account anthropological and cultural aspects. The studies on regional differences in ascariasis conducted in the USSR were focused rather on climatic, hygienic and economic factors and did not consider the causative role of cultural and anthropological factors in epidemiological process. The study is aimed at comparing regional indices of ascariasis with the previously defined two spatial historical gradient manifested in Belarus. Materials and methods: The effect of social and cultural spatial gradient was assessed by correlating differences in ascariasis morbidity between eastern and western regions of Belarus. Thus, the effect of ethnic and anthropological spatial gradient was considered in comparison of epidemiological indices between the Brest region situated on the south-west of the country and Vitebsk regions on the northeast. The analysis was performed with the historical perspective; the regional epidemiological statistics were compared in two periods 1970-1989 and 2000-2014. The work is based on the national Ministry of Health’ official annual statistics data. Results and discussion: The analysis showed that the differentiation trend in distribution of ascariasis in Belarus correlates both with historical-cultural and anthropological spatial gradients. The identified pattern of regional differentiation allows evaluating the complex effect of sociocultural and anthropogenic components on epidemiological features of ascariasis.Цель исследования - анализ пространственных закономерностей в распределении показателей поражённости аскаридозом населения различных регионов Беларуси с учётом существующей на территории страны социокультурной и антропобиологической зональности. Материалы и методы. Для определения пространственного соотношения в распределении показателей поражённости аскаридозом с действием социокультурной составляющей выбраны показатели западных и восточных областей Беларуси, а этно- антропологическую региональную составляющую оценивали при сравнении показателей юго-западной (Брестской) и северно-восточной (Витебской) областей. Для сравнения региональных показателей выбраны два исторических периода: 1970-1989 и 2000-2014 гг. В качестве эмпирической базы использованы материалы санитарной статистики по областям Беларуси, представленные в ежегодных отчетах Министерства здравоохранения Республики Беларусь. Результаты и обсуждение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что направление дифференциации поражённости аскаридозом в Беларуси совпадает как с направлением дифференциации социокультурной пространства, так и с этно- антропологической зональностью. Представленный паттерн региональной дифференциации предполагает комплексное воздействие социокультурных и антропогенетических механизмов в формировании эпидемиологических характеристик аскаридоза

Differential correlation of suicide and homicide rates according to geographical areas: A study with population-level data

The current study investigated the relationship of suicide and homicide rates internationally. WHO database mortality data for 82 countries concerning suicide, homicides, and cancer and traffic accidents as controls were used. The analysis included Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. Worldwide homicidal rates explained 55.42%, 43.86% and 41.7% of male and 22.0%, 22.14% and 13.25% of female suicides for 2000, 2005 and 2010 respectively. In Europe there was a positive correlation between male suicide rates and all homicide rates including homicide rates in both genders, in male victims, and in female victims. In America there is no significant correlation. In Asia there is a significant correlation of male suicidal rates only with homicide rates of female victims. We observed marked and interesting differences in the pattern of association between Europe and the Americas. Overall the current paper suggests that at least in some human populations, suicidality and homicidality share common etiopathogenetic substrates and could be triggered by the same internal or external events or might develop based on common genetic background. Empirically it has been suggested that suicide is related to higher living standards while murder is related to poor quality of life and lower living standards

Gdzie się podziała kość „sakralna”? Uwagi na temat genezy terminów medycznych w językach europejskich

The study concerns the origin of anatomical term (os sacrum) in European languages. The occurrence of this term among European countries demonstrates an obvious dichotomy: on the one side, in European countries belonging to the Romance language group (the south and west of the continent) the Latin wording has been preserved, thus, on the other, in European countries lying to the north and east of Germany the peculiar tracing of the German language was used. The study provides further arguments for asserting that the intensity of synonymy in terminology may indicate the historical region of their origin

PSYCHOSOMATICS OF TUBERCULOSIS: BIBLIOMETRIC APPROACH

The article presents the analysis of a number of publications devoted to psychosomatics of tuberculosis in PubMed/Medline for the period from 1946 to 2016. The majority of publications devoted to this issue were published indicates after the war, and after that period researchers paid less attention to this topic. An opinion is expressed that this descending number of publications indicates of some problems in the field of socially oriented preventive medicine

GEOGRAPHY OF ASCARIASIS IN BELARUS: SOCIOCULTURAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL ISSUES (Part 1)

Objective of research: The analysis of spatial distribution of ascariasis among the population in different regions of therepublic ofBelarus with respect to anthropological and cultural aspects. Investigations for regional differences in ascariasis conducted in theUSSR were focused rather on climatic, hygienic and economic factors and didn’t consider the causative role of cultural and anthropological factors in epidemiological process. The study is aimed at correlation of regional indices of ascariasis with the previously defined spatial historical gradient manifested inBelarus.Materials and methods: The effect of social and cultural spatial gradient was assessed by comparison of difference in ascariasis morbidity between eastern and western regions ofBelarus. Thus, the effect of ethnic and anthropological spatial gradient was considered in comparison of epidemiological indices between theBrest region (south-western part ofBelarus) andVitebsk region (north-eastern part). The analysis was conducted with the historical perspective; the regional epidemiological statistics were provided for two periods 1970-1989 and 2000-2014. Regional statistical materials of therepublic ofBelarus presented in the annual reports of the national Ministry of Health were used as an empirical basis.Results and discussion: The analysis showed, that the differentiation trend in distribution of ascariasis inBelarus correlates both with historical-cultural and anthropological spatial gradients. The identified pattern of regional differentiation allows to evaluate the complex effect of sociocultural and anthropogenic components on epidemiological features of ascariasis

GEOGRAPHY OF ASCARIASIS IN BELARUS: CULTURAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASPECTS (PART 2)

Objective of research: The epidemiological analysis of spatial distribution of ascariasis among the population in different regions of Belarus taking into account anthropological and cultural aspects. The studies on regional differences in ascariasis conducted in the USSR were focused rather on climatic, hygienic and economic factors and did not consider the causative role of cultural and anthropological factors in epidemiological process. The study is aimed at comparing regional indices of ascariasis with the previously defined two spatial historical gradient manifested in Belarus. Materials and methods: The effect of social and cultural spatial gradient was assessed by correlating differences in ascariasis morbidity between eastern and western regions of Belarus. Thus, the effect of ethnic and anthropological spatial gradient was considered in comparison of epidemiological indices between the Brest region situated on the south-west of the country and Vitebsk regions on the northeast. The analysis was performed with the historical perspective; the regional epidemiological statistics were compared in two periods 1970-1989 and 2000-2014. The work is based on the national Ministry of Health’ official annual statistics data. Results and discussion: The analysis showed that the differentiation trend in distribution of ascariasis in Belarus correlates both with historical-cultural and anthropological spatial gradients. The identified pattern of regional differentiation allows evaluating the complex effect of sociocultural and anthropogenic components on epidemiological features of ascariasis