GENERIC DIFFERENCES IN ANTIOXIDANT CONCENTRATION IN THE FRUIT TISSUES OF FOUR MAJOR CULTIVARS OF APPLES

Apples have been cultivated for over two millennia and over 10,000 named cultivars exist. Antioxidants protect against oxidative stress and provide resistance against superficial scald in apple (Malus domestica Borkh). In the present study four commercially important apple cultivars (Red Delicious, Gala, Fuji and Granny Smith) and source leaves of Gala apple tree were studied. Ascorbate concentration, SOD activity, and protein concentration was determined for Gala leaves and all the four apple (fruit peel and fleshy cortex tissue) cultivars. Gala leaves had the highest ascorbate concentration and SOD activity. Granny Smith fruit peel tissue had the highest and Red Delicious fruit peel tissue had the lowest ascorbate concentration. Granny Smith fruit peel tissue had the highest SOD activity. These results demonstrate that ascorbate concentration and SOD activity in apple tissue may depend on their respective breeding parents, scald susceptibility and the amount of ethylene they produce

A Voice Controlled E-Commerce Web Application

Automatic voice-controlled systems have changed the way humans interact with a computer. Voice or speech recognition systems allow a user to make a hands-free request to the computer, which in turn processes the request and serves the user with appropriate responses. After years of research and developments in machine learning and artificial intelligence, today voice-controlled technologies have become more efficient and are widely applied in many domains to enable and improve human-to-human and human-to-computer interactions. The state-of-the-art e-commerce applications with the help of web technologies offer interactive and user-friendly interfaces. However, there are some instances where people, especially with visual disabilities, are not able to fully experience the serviceability of such applications. A voice-controlled system embedded in a web application can enhance user experience and can provide voice as a means to control the functionality of e-commerce websites. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy of speech recognition systems (SRS) and present a voice-controlled commodity purchase e-commerce application using IBM Watson speech-to-text to demonstrate its usability. The prototype can be extended to other application scenarios such as government service kiosks and enable analytics of the converted text data for scenarios such as medical diagnosis at the clinics.Comment: 7 page

Certificate Based Scheme and Expedite Message Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

VANET security is major issue for researcher. Thus Ad-Hoc Networks embrace the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) for their security purpose. EMAP was presented to overcome the problem of the long delay incurred in checking the revocation status of a certificate using a CRL. From the experimental analysis it was observed that it is resistant to common attacks while performing the authentication techniques. Therefore, EMAP can significantly decrease the message-loss ratio due to message verification delay as compared to the conventional authentication methods employing CRL checking. Thus to further address these issues along with EMAP protocol, new EMAP method is presented called as CEMAP (certificate based EMAP) which is intended to overcome the authentication delay in message processing by reducing the complexity in Authentication process. CEMAP authentication protocol is constructed based on the combination of the new signature scheme and EMAP. The proposed algorithm reduces the delay by 10% than EMAP. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15023

COW URINE DISTILLATE AS A BIOENHANCER FOR ANTIMICROBIAL & ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY AND REDISTILLED COW URINE DISTILLATE AS AN ANTICLASTOGEN AGENT

  Objective: The objective of this study was to prove that cow urine distillate (CUD) is a bioenhancer for antimicrobial activity and antiproliferative activity, redistilled CUD (RCUD) as an anticlastogen agent.Methods: The antimicrobial activity of rifampicin with CUD at different concentrations was determined against pathogenic Escherichia coli by well puncture method. The Penicillin and ciprofloxacin in combination with CUD at different/increasing concentrations against pathogenic E. coli culture were also determined by disc diffusion method. Sulforaphane (ACA) as an anticancer agent was extracted from cruciferous vegetables and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The Breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) were treated with anticancer agents along with CUD in increasing concentrations. The anticlastogenic activity of RCUD in human peripheral lymphocytes was tested with clastogens such as manganese dioxide and hexavalent chromium.Results: CUD showed to enhance the antimicrobial activity of rifampicin with 20 μl concentration by well puncture method; penicillin with increasing concentration of up to 80 μl and ciprofloxacin up to 80 μl, respectively, by disc diffusion method. The rate of degeneration of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) was increased with increasing concentration of CUD. Clastogen (MnO2) of 10 μl with 200 μl of RCUD showed effective anticlastogenic activity in agarose gel electrophoresis as the activity of clastogen decreased with increasing concentration of RCUD.Conclusion: CUD acts as a bioenhancer to increase antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity. RCUD showed a high level of anticlastogenic activity toward clastogen. Thus, cow urine is found to have special properties that can be used in combination with different therapeutic agents to cure several diseases such as tuberculosis, leprosy, and cancer. Further in vivo and clinical studies are required to confirm its therapeutic efficac

Expert opinion on pre and post procedure care in aesthetic dermatology

In clinical practice, the number of aesthetic dermatology procedures carried out in India is increasing. Nonsurgical or minimally invasive cosmetic dermatology encompasses a variety of procedures, such as chemical peels, laser therapies, dermal fillers, derma rollers and microneedling radiofrequency, which are known to be safe and effective. Despite enormous advances in the field of aesthetic dermatological procedures, many clinicians seem to have limited knowledge about the potential benefits and risks associated with aesthetic procedures. To ensure successful outcome of an aesthetic procedure and to minimise complications, one should be aware of the pre- and post-procedural care involved. This review summarized expert opinion on pre and post-procedural care needed with chemical peels, laser therapies, dermal fillers, derma rollers and microneedling radiofrequency

A prospective study to compare the efficacy and safety of tioconazole and clotrimazole vaginal gel in patients suffering from vulvovaginal candidiasis

Background: Vulvo vaginal candidiasis is an extremely common gynaecological condition. While clotrimazole has been the mainstay of treatment of this pathology, newer medications are now available. The study aims to compare the efficacy, compliance and safety of tioconazole single dose intravaginal gel application and clotrimazole vaginal gel for 3 days in patients suffering from vulvovaginal candidiasis.Methods: A prospective, multicentric, open label, randomized, controlled, parallel group clinical trial of 220 women with 110 in each group for the evaluation of the effects of tioconazole vaginal gel in patients suffering from candidial vaginitis. Patients were divided into two groups; Group I received tioconazole vaginal gel as topical single dose therapy administered by the treating doctor and Group II received clotrimazole vaginal gel self-administered by the patient for three days. Response to therapy in both groups was studied and compared.Results: At the end of day 7, mean score of vaginal discharge quantity had a fall of 93.3% and 92.3% in tioconazole and clotrimazole group respectively but difference was statistically insignificant. Microbiological cure rate in both the groups was similar. Reduction of vaginal irritation, vaginal itching, vaginal burning, pain in the vulval area, pain during urination or during sexual intercourse, vaginal erythema, tenderness and swelling were also comparable in both the groups.Conclusions: Tioconazole gel single dose intravaginal application is as effective as clotrimazole gel three day intravaginal application. tioconazole is safe, well accepted and tolerated by the patients and will be useful in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis

Cardiac arrest as first presentation of arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy due to Filamin C mutation: a case report

Background Arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy (ALVC) is a rare form of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy characterized by fibrofatty replacement of left ventricular myocardium, malignant arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death. The definition incorporates several genetic causes, including pathogenic variation in the Filamin C gene (FLNC). Although awareness of ALVC has improved, identification remains challenging and diagnostic criteria continue to evolve. Case summary A 50-year-old athletic male was admitted following an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular tachycardia (VT) whilst playing football. Coronary angiography revealed unobstructed epicardial vessels and the diagnosis of ALVC was suggested by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, which demonstrated a mildly dilated and moderately impaired left ventricle with epicardial late gadolinium enhancement in the basal to mid-lateral walls and subendocardial septum. Initial testing with a cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia gene panel was negative but extended testing uncovered a likely pathogenic variant in FLNC. Subsequently, the patient experienced a recurrence of sustained VT necessitating implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapies, ultimately undergoing a combined epicardial and endocardial VT ablation 4 years after presentation. Six months post-ablation, he was asymptomatic and his arrhythmia rendered quiescent. Discussion Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy should be considered in the evaluation of an initially unexplained cardiac arrest. This case characterizes the clinical features of a patient with FLNC cardiomyopathy and emphasizes the utility of genetic testing using modern gene panels in patients with comparable phenotypes. We also demonstrate that optimal medical therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs, exercise restriction, ICD insertion, and catheter ablation can be useful in the management of ALVC with positive outcomes

Epidemiological evaluation of meniscal ramp lesions in 3214 anterior cruciate ligament–injured knees from the SANTI study group database: a risk factor analysis and study of secondary meniscectomy rates following 769 ramp repairs

Background: Ramp lesions are characterized by disruption of the peripheral meniscocapsular attachments of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus. Ramp repair performed at the time of ACL reconstruction has been shown to improve knee biomechanics. Hypothesis/Purpose: Primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for ramp lesions in a large series of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction, Secondary objectives were to determine the re-operation rate for failure of ramp repair, defined by subsequent re-operations for partial medial meniscectomy Study Design: Case series Methods: All patients underwent trans-notch posteromedial compartment evaluation of the knee during ACL reconstruction. Ramp repair was performed if a lesion was detected. Potentially important risk factors were analyzed for their association with ramp lesions. A secondary analysis of all patients who underwent ramp repair and had a minimum follow-up of two years was undertaken in order to determine the secondary partial meniscectomy rate for failed ramp repair. Results: The overall incidence of ramp lesions in the study population was 23.9% (769 ramp lesions in 3214 patients). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of ramp lesions was significantly associated with the following risk factors: male gender, patients aged under 30 years, revision ACLR, chronic injuries, pre-operative side-to-side laxity >6 mm and the presence of concomitant lateral meniscus tears. The secondary meniscectomy rate was 10.8% at a mean follow up of 45.6 months (24.2-66.2). Patients who underwent ACLR + ALLR had a greater than 2-fold reduction in the risk of reoperation for failure of ramp repair as compared with patients who underwent isolated ACLR (hazard ratio, 0.457; 95%CI, 0.226-0.864; P = .021). Conclusion: There is a high incidence of ramp lesions in patients undergoing ACLR. The identification of important risk factors for ramp lesions in this study in an individual patient should help raise an appropriate index of suspicion and prompt posteromedial compartment evaluation. The overall secondary partial meniscectomy rate after ramp repair is 10.8%. Anterolateral ligament reconstruction appears to confer a protective effect on the ramp repair performed at the time of ACLR and results in a significant reduction in secondary meniscectomy rates

Expert consensus on the management of acne in India

Acne, a common cutaneous disorder, is estimated to affect a significant proportion of the population at some point in their lifetime. It is one of the most common presentations reported in dermatological consultations in India. Treatment options for acne include topical, oral and procedural therapies. Patients with mild acne can be treated with topical therapies; however, those with moderate to severe acne require systemic cure. Oral antibiotic treatment, hormonal therapies and isotretinoin are the mainstay systemic therapies for acne. Additionally, procedural therapeutic modalities in dermatology include chemical peels, laser therapy, micro needling techniques, to name a few. Scientific advances are continually improving knowledge of acne and contributing to refinement of treatment options. Hence, it is vital for clinicians to regularly update their clinical practice patterns to reflect current standard. An experts’ panel discussion involving dermatologists from across India was conducted, to outline a practical approach for the management of acne. The present consensus document focuses on the assessment of acne, use of topical treatments, role of systemic therapy and procedures in treating acne and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. It also emphasizes the role of patient education and counselling on prophylactic and treatment strategies in acne management

Risk factors for lateral meniscus posterior root tears in the anterior cruciate ligament injured knee: an epidemiological analysis of 3956 patients from the SANTI database

Background: Lateral meniscal posterior root tears (LMPRT) result in loss of hoop forces and significant increases in tibiofemoral contact pressures. Pre-operative imaging lacks reliability and therefore holding an appropriate index of suspicion, based on the epidemiology and risk factors for LMPRT, may reduce the rate of missed diagnoses. Hypothesis/Purpose: The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for lateral meniscus root lesions in a large series of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Study Design: Case series. Methods: All patients who underwent primary or revision ACL reconstruction, between January 2011 to April 2018 were considered for study eligibility. From this overall population, all patients who underwent repair of a lateral meniscus posterior root tear (LMPRT) were identified. The epidemiology of LMPRT was defined by the incidence within the study population, stratified by key demographic parameters. Potentially important risk factors for the presence of LMPRT were evaluated in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: 3956 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction were included in the study. A LMPRT was identified and repaired in 262 patients (6.6%). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that significant risk factors for LMPRT included a contact sports injury mechanism (7.8% incidence with contact sports mechanism vs 4.5% with non-contact mechanism 4.5%; OR = 1.69, IC95% 1.266 - 2.285; P <.001) and the presence of a medial meniscal tear (7.9% incidence with medial meniscal tear vs 5.8% in those without; OR = 1.532, IC95% 1.185 - 1.979; P <.001). Although the incidence of LMPRT in male patients (7.3%) was higher than females (4.8%) this was not significant in multivariate analysis (P = 0.270). Patient age, revision ACL reconstruction and a pre-operative side to side laxity difference of ≥ 6mm were not found to be significant risk factors for LMPRT. Conclusion: The incidence of LMPRT was 6.6% in a large series of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. Participation in contact sports and the presence of a concomitant medial meniscal tear were demonstrated to be important independent risk factors. Their presence should raise the index of suspicion of this injury pattern