Mermaid construction in the Mitsukaido dialect of Japanese

Sappro Gakuin Universit

The double accusative possessor ascension construction in the Mitsukaido dialect of Japanese

「環太平洋の言語」成果報告書B003ELPR publication series B00

格標示における派生環境効果：水海道方言の場合

In the Mitsukaido dialect of Japanese, case-frames without nominative elements are permitted in the active and potential constructions. However, in passive constructions, nominative elements are obligatory. This situation can be regarded as an instance of the derived environment effect in case marking. This paper argues that this derived environment effect is a result of avoiding multiple marked case-role mappings

Message-Recovery MACs and Verification-Unskippable AE

This paper explores a new type of MACs called message-recovery MACs (MRMACs). MRMACs have an additional input $R$ that gets recovered upon verification. Receivers must execute verification in order to recover $R$, making the verification process unskippable. Such a feature helps avoid mis-implementing verification algorithms. The syntax and security notions of MRMACs are rigorously formulated. In particular, we formalize the notion of unskippability and present a construction of an unskippable MRMAC from a tweakable cipher and a universal hash function. Our construction is provided with formal security proofs. We extend the idea of MRMACs to a new type of authenticated encryption called verification-unskippable AE (VUAE). We propose a generic Enc-then-MRMAC composition which realizes VUAE. The encryption part needs to satisfy a new security notion called one-time undecipherability. We provide three constructions that are one-time undecipherable, and they are proven secure under various security models

水海道方言の対格 : 有生対格と無生対格の統語論

日本学術振興会Japan Society for the Promotion of Science茨城県南西部で話されている水海道方言には対格形式が2つある。有生対格(=NP-godo)と無生対格(=NP-φ)である。この方言では,標準語では非文法的な構文である二重対格構文が可能である。この方言で二重対格構文が可能なのは,2つの対格形式があるためと考えられる。この方言の二重対格構文には「通す」を述語とするものと所有者繰り上げ構文の2種類がある。このうち,所有者繰り上げ構文は他の構文に比べて統語的制約がきつい。この構文の統語的制約としては,語順の制約がきついことのほか,繰り上げもとの名詞句が関係節の主要部や対応する受動文の主語になれない点があげられる。これらの統語的制約は,義務的二次述語を含む構文や主語－目的語繰り上げ構文にも見られるものであり,二重の依存関係を含む構文に共通の制約と見ることができる。The Mitsukaido dialect, spoken in the south-western part of the Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan, has two accusative case-markers: godo, used with animate nouns and zero-marking used with inanimate nouns. This morphological characteristic has syntactic consequences. It is well-known that Standard Japanese prohibits double accusative constructions, a restriction known as the double-o constraint. The availability of morphologically distinct markings for animate and inanimate accusatives renders double accusative constructions possible in this dialect. Two types of double accusative constructions are found in the Mitsukaido dialect, namely the construction in which theme and path are marked by animate and inanimate accusatives respectively (non-ascension type) and the so-called \u27possessor ascension\u27 construction. The two types of double accusative construction are different in their syntactic behaviour. The possessor ascension construction is more constrained than the non-ascension type double accusative construction. The host NP in the possessor ascension construction must be adjacent to the verb; it cannot become subject in passive constructions or the head of a relative clause. Such constraints are not found with the non-ascension type double accusative construction. We conclude that these constraints targetted on the host NP are due to its double dependency relation. The constraints com-mon to the host NP are also found in constructions which display the same dependency relation: namely, the construction with obligatory secondary predicate and subject-to-object raising

Molecular contribution to cleft palate production in cleft lip mice

Cleft palate following cleft lip may include a developmental disorder during palatogenesis. CL/Fr mice fetuses, which develop cleft lip and palate spontaneously, have less capability for in vivo cell proliferation in palatal mesenchyme compared with CL/Fr normal fetuses. In order to know the changes of signaling molecules contributing to cleft palate morphogenesis following cleft lip, the mRNA expression profiles were compared in palatal shelves oriented vertically (before elevation) in CL/Fr fetuses with or without cleft lip. The changes in mRNA profile of cleft palate morphogenesis were presented in a microarray analysis, and genes were restricted to lists contributing to cleft palate development in CL/Fr fetuses with cleft lip. Four candidate genes (Ywhab, Nek2, Tacc1 and Frk) were linked in a gene network that associates with cell proliferation (cell cycle, MAPK, Wnt and Tgf beta pathways). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR highlighted the candidate genes that significantly changed in CL/Fr fetuses with cleft lip (Ywhab, Nek2 and Tacc1). The results of these molecular contributions will provide useful information for a better understanding of palatogenesis in cleft palate following cleft lip. Our data indicated the genetic contribution to cleft palate morphogenesis following cleft lip

Altered Hemodynamics Associated with Pathogenesis of the Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysms

The etiology of the vertebral dissecting aneurysms is largely unknown, and they frequently occurs in relatively healthy young men. Objectives and Methods. A series of 57 consecutive cases defined by angiography were evaluated with regard to deviation in the course of the affected and contralateral vertebral arteries. Division was into 3 types: Type I without any deviation, Type II with mild-to-moderate deviation but not over the midline; and Type III with marked deviation over to the contralateral side beyond the midline. Results. The most frequent type of VA running was Type III for the affected and Type I nonaffected side, with this being found in all 17 patients except one. All of the Type III dissections occurred just proximal to a tortuous portion, while in cases with Type-I- and Type-II-affected sides, the majority (33 of 39) occurred near the union of the vertebral artery. In 10 of 57, a non-dominant side was affected, all except one being of Type I or II. With 12 recent patients assessed angiographically in detail for hemodynamics, eleven patients showed contrast material retrograde inflowing into the pseudolumen from the distal portion of the dissection site. Turbulent blood flow was recognized in all of these patients with retrograde inflow. Conclusions. Turbulent blood flow is one etiology of vertebral artery dissection aneurysms, with the sites in the majority of the cases being just proximal to a tortuous portion or union of vessels. In cases with dissection proximal to the tortuous course of the vertebral artery, retrograde inflow will occur more frequently than antegrade, which should be taken into account in designing therapeutic strategies

A propensity score matching study on robot-assisted radical cystectomy for older patients : comparison of intracorporeal ileal conduit and cutaneous ureterostomy

Background: Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) and intracorporeal urinary diversion are less invasive than conventional procedures. However, for older patients, cutaneous ureterostomy (CUS) may be preferred because urinary diversion using the intestine has a high incidence of perioperative complications and is highly invasive. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of intracorporeal ileal conduit (ICIC) compared with CUS in patients aged 75 years or older who underwent RARC. Methods: From October 2014 to December 2021, 82 patients aged 75 years or older who underwent RARC at Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, or Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 52 and 25 patients who underwent ICIC and CUS, respectively, were included. After adjusting the patients’ characteristics using propensity score-matching, surgical results and prognoses were retrospectively compared. The propensity score was based on age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status Scale (ECOG-PS), American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification (ASA-PS), clinical tumor stage, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results: The median age was lower in the ICIC group compared with the CUS group, and the proportion of high-risk cases (ECOG-PS ≥ 2 or ASA-PS ≥ 3) did not differ. The median operation time was longer in the ICIC group, and estimated blood loss was higher, compared with the CUS group. There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications within the first 30 postoperative days, incidence of complications 30–90 days after surgery, 2 year overall survival, 2-year cancer-specific survival, and 2-year recurrence-free survival. The stent-free rate was significantly lower in the CUS group than that in the ICIC group. Conclusion: In older patients, the ICIC group showed non-inferior surgical and oncological outcomes compared with the CUS group. Urinary diversion following RARC in older patients should be carefully selected by considering not only the age but also the general condition (including comorbidities) of the patient