Heterogeneously catalyzed lignin depolymerization

Biomass offers a unique resource for the sustainable production of bio-derived chemical and fuels as drop-in replacements for the current fossil fuel products. Lignin represents a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, but is particularly recalcitrant for valorization by existing chemical technologies due to its complex cross-linking polymeric network. Here, we highlight a range of catalytic approaches to lignin depolymerisation for the production of aromatic bio-oil and monomeric oxygenates

Impact of Organic Loading Rates of Waste Water from Broilers’ Manure on CSTR Biogas System

588-593This research examines the impact of Organic Loading Rates (OLRs) on a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) biogas system from the waste water of broilers’ manure. The CSTR biogas system is comprised of a 12 m3 raw material mixing tank, a solid/liquid separator, a liquid tank, a 60 m3 reactor, a 10 m3 sludge tank, a 15 m3 biogas balloon, and a biogas flare system. The experiment was performed by examining the changes in the organic loading rates from 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 kg-COD/m3-day. The following parameters of the waste water were measured in order to monitor and control the biogas system: 1) pH, 2) the temperature, 3) the alkalinity, 4) the Volatile Fatty Acids, 5) the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 6) the Total Solids, 7) the Total Dissolved Solids, and 8) the Suspended Solid & Volatile Solid (VS). From the experiment, it was found that the average biogas production was 19.34 m3/day and that the average biogas production rate was 0.30 m3/kg-COD or 0.35 m3/kg-VS. The composition of the biogas was methane (62.37%) and carbon dioxide (31.33%). In addition, the results showed that the production rate regarding the volume of biogas increased as the OLRs increased, then decreased after the Organic Loading Rates reached 3.0 kg-COD/m3-day. The appropriate organic loading rate for operating the CSTR system was found to be 3.0 kg-COD/m3-day, which yielded the maximum biogas production rate for the system