TRANSPORT SÛR ET DURABLE : UNE NOUVELLE APPROCHE DES PARTIES PRENANTES POUR LE MANAGEMENT DU TSD Partie 2 : Le mode d‘emploi

This communication aims to present an innovative reflection on the stakeholder theory and safe and sustainable transport (SST). In particular, it is to examine the significance of this recent approach for the management of SST system. This reflection is indeed the subject of increasing attention in managerial practices and lies at the heart of debates that address the problem of SST. It encompasses a set of proposals that suggest that all stakeholders should be put at the heart of SST in a partnership approach and collaboration. The article will introduce a new way of thinking about optimal governance, there by driving the SST strategy in a participatory and responsible logic. Among the deliverables to propose at the end of this article: Identify all stakeholders involved in the SST ; Presentation of the classification scale stakeholders in the SST ; Presentation of roles and responsibilities of STAKEHOLDER and their impact on road safety; Presentation of a battery SST actions in different places by different STAKEHOLDERS Exposure of an array of information and actions between the STAKEHOLDERS in the SS

Fuelling the (party) machine : the political origins of the Greek debt during Metapolitefsi

The present paper investigates the possibility of political economy incentives behind the allocation of the markedly expanded fiscal account of intergovernmental transfers to prefectures and municipalities during Metapolitefsi – i.e., the period after the establishment of the Third Hellenic Republic (1974 to 1993). Building on a novel dataset of expenses to prefectures and subsidies to municipalities, we employ a Difference-in-Differences framework and a Regression Discontinuity Design respectively. Our analysis suggests that incumbent parties diverted prefectural expenses towards their political strongholds, and subsidies to politically aligned mayors. We argue that the expansion of intergovernmental transfers which contributed significantly to the derailment of the Greek state resulted from the transformation of the political system from traditional patron-client relationships to bureaucratic clientelism. On this basis, appointed prefects and politically aligned mayors became major components of a centralized party machine to mobilize voters through mass memberships “at the level of the town and the village” in the new era of Metapolitefsi

TRANSPORT SÛR ET DURABLE : CONCEPTS, ETAT DES LIEUX AU MAROC ET PROPOSITION D’UNE REFLEXION INNOVANTE EN SYSTEME DE MANAGEMENT DE TRANSPORT SÛR ET DURABLE (TSD) (Partie 1 : l’assise scientifique )

The transport sector is one of the strategic sectors of the economy in which the stakes are high.Transport in general, generates negative externalities widely recognized as well as denounced. In addition, aspects of security and sustainability have become sine qua non in almost all areas of public action. Therefore, security and sustainability have become a cornerstone in the policies of Transport via the concept of safe and sustainable transportation. This is especially with regard to road safety that the stakes of sustainability seem most important: the transport accident rate is indeed higher and higher and unbalanced modal share gets deeper, at the expense of other modes. The article will present a field to study the current state of the road safety in Morocco and a full presentation of the players involved for a safe and sustainable transport and finally come out with a new thinking on the optimal mode of governance, allowing control of the DOTS strategy in a participatory and responsible logic. Among the issues being studied on which this article is expected to make recommendations, may include: The development and implementation of a Moroccan transport policy The integration of actors from across the country in safety and transport sustainability, Statistical analyzes of trends in traffic, road accidents of road safety in Morocc

Investing in the roots of your political ancestors

This paper seeks to investigate the role of electoral personalism and long-run partisan loyalty on the allocation of local public goods. To this end, we exploit the discontinuity in the political landscape of Greece after a brief military junta (1967-1974) to link the parties established after 1974 with their political ancestors during the pre-dictatorial era. In particular, after 1974 Greece is a ‘new democracy’ with infant political parties that were trying to increase their political power by maintaining the networks of their (pre-junta) political ancestor parties. Consistent with expectations, empirical findings suggest that incumbents directed public investment resources to regions characterized by long-run loyalty in favor of their party. Moreover, our analysis illuminates the channel of this association by highlighting the important role of strong Members of Parliament (MPs) with ministerial positions. This result is in line with the literature suggesting that powerful MPs typically favor their home districts under an Open-List Proportional Representation (OLPR) electoral system. This is because OLPR induces intra-party competition as candidates compete over their co-partisans in order to get elected. In this political environment, powerful MPs attempt to maintain their networks of political patronage in the loyal prefectures of their affiliated party, whereas the party expropriates their electoral influence

Fiscal redistribution around elections when democracy is not "the only game in town"

This paper seeks to examine the implications of policy intervention around elections on income inequality and fiscal redistribution. We first develop a simplified theoretical framework that allows us to examine election-cycle fiscal redistribution programs in the presence of a revolutionary threat from some groups of agents, i.e., when democracy is not “the only game in town”. According to our theoretical analysis, when democracy is not “the only game in town”, incumbents implement redistributive policies not only as a means of improving their reelection prospects, but also in order to signal that “democracy works”, thereby preventing a reversion to an autocratic status quo ante at a time of the current regime’s extreme vulnerability. Subsequently, focusing on 65 developed and developing countries over the 1975–2010 period, we report robust empirical evidence of pre-electoral budgetary manipulation in new democracies. Consistent with our theory, this finding is driven by political instability that induces incumbents to redistribute income—through tax and spending policies—in a relatively broader coalition of voters with the aim of consolidating the vulnerable newly established democratic regime

Defence Spending and Growth in Cyprus: A Causal Analysis

The causal relationship between economic growth and defence spending has attracted considerable attention and has been the subject of many empirical studies. Hoping to contribute to the existing pool of literature, this paper examines the relationship between military expenditure and growth in the case of Cyprus, a small island economy, for the period 1964-99. The findings reported suggest the presence of bi-directional instantaneous causality between defence spending and economic growth.Cyprus, Military expenditure, Causality, Cointegration, Economic growth, Structural breaks, JEL Code: H56,