Unilateral Spinal Anaesthesia in Calves

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΕΡΙΛΗΨΗIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of unilateral anaesthesia by the administration of hyperbaric bupivacaine through the lumbosacral space into the subarachnoid space in calves. A total of 10 calves with unilateral femoral fractures were included in the study. After each calf was placed in a lateral position on the side intended for surgery, 15 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine was slowly injected into the subarachnoid space. The onset, duration and depth of anaesthesia were determined by the pinprick test (scale 1–4). In addition, heart rate, diastolic arterial blood pressure, systolic arterial blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate and body temperature of the calves were monitored and recorded from the onset to 120 min after anaesthesia. The onset of unilateral spinal anaesthesia was within 20 s and the mean duration of anaesthesia was 155.40 min. Although there were statistical differences between hemodynamic values in the study, they were within the reference values. As a result, we believe that unilateral spinal anaesthesia in calves provides adequate anaesthesia for use in orthopaedic procedures; thus, it can be used in practice

Cucurbita plants: From farm to industry

The Cucurbita genus, a member of Cucurbitaceae family, also known as cucurbits, is native to the Americas. Genus members, like Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita maxima, have been used for centuries in folk medicine for treating gastrointestinal diseases and intestinal parasites. These pharmacological effects are mainly attributed to their phytochemical composition. Indeed, Cucurbita species are a natural source of carotenoids, tocopherols, phenols, terpenoids, saponins, sterols, fatty acids, functional carbohydrates, and polysaccharides, that beyond exerting remarkable biological effects, have also been increasingly exploited for biotechnological applications. In this article, we specifically cover the habitat, cultivation, phytochemical composition, and food preservative abilities of Cucurbita plants.This work was supported by CONICYT PIA/APOYO CCTE AFB170007. N. Martins would like to thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal) for the Strategic project ref. UID/BIM/04293/2013 and “NORTE2020-Northern Regional Operational Program” (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012)

A comparison of three methods producing grafted vines

The effects of three different methods and two media for obtaining grafted vines were studied by using King's Ruby grapevine cultivar and 5 BB, 41 B, 110 R and 1103 P rootstocks. The methods used were rooting the stocks before grafting, rooting the stocks after grafting, holding the grafted cuttings in water after grafting and rooting. After grafting, all grafts were kept in a callusing room at 27+1 °C and 80 % relative humidity for 23 days. Based upon percentage graft take and the percentage of first-class vines obtained, the second method was best ( 93 % graft take 84 % fist class vines). Among rootstocks, 41 B produced the highest percentage (63 %) of grafted vines, whereas 41 B, 1103 P, and 5 BB gave the highest percentages of first-class vines (48, 45, and 44 %, respectively). Rooting media did not affect response

Research on determination of callus formation capacity in different grape rootstocks and cultivars

Callus formation was observed in the cuttings of 8 cultivars and 19 rootstocks following cutting, dipping in paraffin and placing into a water tank. The shortest time from planting to the beginning and maximum callus formation and the highest callus formation rate were observed (80 % in the 19th day, 100 % in the 24th day, respectively) in Harmony rootstock. The lowest maximum callus formation rate (36.7 %) was obtained in the 33 rd day in 8 B rootstock. The highest callus formation (4.0) was observed in King's Ruby cultivar and Harmony rootstock and the lowest callus formation (1.1) was observed in 8 B rootstock