B p F q s g Sequence Space On The Spaces With Seminorm

Bu çalışmada F f k bir modulus fonksiyon dizisi, p p k pozitif terimli bir dizi ve A a mk pozitif terimli sonsuz bir matris olmak üzere ( , , , ) B p F q s g dizi uzayı tanımlanarak, bu uzayın bazı Topolojik özellikleri ve uzayla ilgili bazı kapsama bağıntıları verilecektir.In this work we introduce a new ( , , , ) B p F q s g sequence space that consists of F f k a modulus function, p p k a sequence with positive terms and A a mk a matrix with positive terms, and study some topological properties of this space and some inclusion relations related to this space

Cyclosporin-A in rheumatoid arthritis

Romatoid Artrit (RA), immünolojik anormalliklerle birlikte olan ve etyolojisi tam bilinmeyen kronik inflamatuar bir hastalıktır. Son zamanlarda tedavi yaklaşımları sıklıkla immünolojik anormalliklere yönlendirilmektedir. Nonsitotoksik ve immünmodülatör bir ilaç olan Siklosporin A (CyA), CD4+ T lenfositlerin aktivasyonunu inhitae etmekte ve özellikle bu açıdan otoimmün hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, daha önce klasik RA tedavileri uygulanmasına rağmen aktif hastalıkları devam eden, yaş ortalaması 45.1 yıl ve ortalama hastalık süresi 11.2 yıl olan 10 RA'lı hastada CyA'nın etkinliği ve yan etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. İlacın başlangıç dozu 3 mg/kg/gün olup tedavi 6 ay sürdürüldü. Hastalarda Ritchie ve Lee indeksleri, hassas ve şişmiş eklem değerlendirmeleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu. Görsel ağrı skalası, sabah sertliği süresi, serum kreatinin düzeyi, eritrosit sedimantasyon hızı, kan basıncı değerlerindeki değişiklikler istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. Hastalarımızda hipertansiyon, başağrısı, hipertrikozis, gingival hipertrofi, oral kandidiazis, hiperürisemi gibi yan etkiler gözlendi.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that is associated with several immunologic abnormalities. Recently therapeutic approach has been against these abnormalities. Cyclosporin A (CyA) is a noncytotoxic, immunomodulatory drug, which functions by inhibiting the activation of the T helper/inducer lymphocyte and it is used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. We aimed to study the effects and side effects of CyA in 10 RA patients refractory to other agents. Their mean age was 45.1 years and mean duration of illness was 11.2 years. The initial daily dose of CyA was 3 mg/kg and the drug was continued for 6 months. There were significant improvements in the Ritchie and Lee indices, tender or swollen joints. The changes in visual analogue scale, morning stiffness, serum creatine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and systolic or diastolic blood pressure values were not statistically significant. The side effects were hypertension, headache, hypertrichosis, gingival hypertrophy, oral candidiasis, hyperuricemia

Efficacy of diflunisal and indomethacin in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee

Diz dejeneratif eklem hastalığında diflunisal ve indometazinin etkinlik ve tolerabilitesini karşılaştırmanın amaçlandığı bu çalışmaya, 45-74 yaşları arasında klinik ve radyografik olarak ' dizlerde dejeneratif eklem hastalığı tanısı konan 50 hasta alındı. Hastalar randomize olarak 25'er kişilik iki gruba ayrıldı. Dört hafta boyunca birinci gruba 1000mg/gün diflunisal, ikinci gruba 75mg/gün indometazin verildi. Tedavi başlangıcı ve sonunda ağrı şiddeti (görsel analog skala), sabah sertliği süresi, Lequesne fonksiyonel indeksi değerlendirildi. Ayrıca tedavi sonunda hasta ve hekimin genel değerlendirmesi alındı, indometazin grubundan iki hasta tedavinin birinci haftasında yan etki nedeniyle çalışmadan ayrıldılar. Çalışma sonunda her iki grupta tüm parametrelerde tedavi öncesine göre anlamlı düzelme gözlenirken, indometazin alan hastalarda sabah sertliği süresinde diflunisal alan gruba göre daha belirgin düzelme saptandı(p0.05). Dejeneratif eklem hastalığı tedavisinde önemli hedeflerden olan ağrının kesilmesinde, yaşlı hastalarda nonsteroidal antiinflamatuvar ajanların olası yan etkileri nedeniyle öncelikle basit analjeziklerin tercih edilebileceği sonucuna varıldı.The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of diflunisal and indomethacin treatment in osteoarthritis of the knee. 50 patients between the ages 45-74 who had clinical and radiological osteoarthritis of the knee were enrolled in the study; Patients were randomly divided into two groups which consisted of 25 patients each. First group received diflunisal(1000mg/day) and second group received indomethacin (75mg/day) for four weeks. Pain intensity(visual analog scale), morning stiffness, Lequesne functional index were obtained before and after the treatment. In addition, patients' and physicians' global assessment were evaluated at the end of treatment. Two patients in the indomethacin group were dropped out of the study because of side effects within the first week of therapy. At the end of four weeks, significant progress were obtained for all of the parameters in both groups. Although the improvement in morning stiffness was more prominent in indomethacin treated patients(0.05). As a result, it can be concluded that, in order to provide analgesia which is important in the therapy of osteoarthritis, simple analgesics can be used initially because of the potential side effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory therapy especially in this age group

Rehabilitation of our cases with total knee replacement

Total diz protezi, günümüzde diz eklemi kronik artritlerinin tedavisinde sık uygulanmaktadır. Bu olgularda rehabilitasyonun amacı, hastaya operasyon sonrası optimum düzeyde eklem hareket açıklığı ve fonksiyonu kazandırmaktır, Bu çalışmada, 23 total diz protezinin rehabilitasyon sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Olguların 14'ü kadın, 4'ü erkek olup yaş ortalamaları 60.4 (32-75) idi. Etyolojik faktör olarak 13 dizde dejeneratif eklem hastalığı, 10'unda ise romatoid artrit mevcuttu. Olguların hastanede yatış süreleri ortalama 10 gün olup, 12 aylık takip süreleri sonunda preop ve postop diz fleksiyon açıları arasında anlamlı farklılık bulundu (p=0.05). Diz Cemiyeti değerlendirme Kriterlerine göre ise diz skoru ile fonksiyonel skorda belirgin artış saptandı.REHABILITATION OF OUR CASES WITH TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT Today, total knee replacement is the procedure of choice in the treatment of advanced arthritis. In such cases the aim of rehabilitation is to restore the optimum range of motion and function. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the outcome of rehabilitation in 23 total knee replacement. 14 cases were females and 4 were males, mean age being 60.4 years (range 32-75 years). 13 knees had primary degenerative joint disease and 10 had rheumatoid arthritis as the causative factor. The mean duration of hospitalization was 10 days arid in the 12 months follow up there were significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative knee flexion angles (p=0.05). There were also significant increases in the knee scores and the functional scores according to the Knee Society Rating System riteria

Acute Haemodialysis-induced Changes in Tissue Doppler Echocardiography Parameters

Background: Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a method that determines the tissue motion and velocity within the myocardium. Aims: To characterize acute haemodialysis (HD)-induced changes in TDI-derived indices for patients that have end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Study Design: Cross sectional study. Methods: Conventional echocardiography and TDI methods were applied to study ESRD patients (n=58) before and after HD. Pulmonary venous flow, mitral inflow, and TDI signals of the lateral and septal mitral annulus were examined for the determination of altered left-ventricular diastolic filling parameters. Flow velocities from early- (E) and late-atrial (A) peak transmitral; peak pulmonary vein systolic (S) and diastolic (D); and myocardial peak systolic (Sm) and peak early (Em) and late (Am) diastolic mitral annular velocities were also assessed for changes. Results: Transmitral E and A velocities and the E/A ratio decreased significantly after HD (p<0.001). Pulmonary vein S (p<0.001) and D (p<0.001) velocities decreased, and S/D ratios increased significantly (p=0.027). HD led to a reduction in septal Em (p<0.001), lateral Em (p=0.006), and Am (p<0.001) velocities. Contrary to the decreases in Em and Am, the Em/Am ratio remained unchanged. Conclusion: A single HD session was associated with an acute deterioration in the diastolic parameters. Since the Em/Am ratio remained unchanged, we conclude that this index is a relatively load-independent measure of diastolic function in HD patients

Epidemiology of surgery associated acute kidney injury (EPIS-AKI): a prospective international observational multi-center clinical study

Purpose: The incidence, patient features, risk factors and outcomes of surgery-associated postoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) across different countries and health care systems is unclear. Methods: We conducted an international prospective, observational, multi-center study in 30 countries in patients undergoing major surgery (&gt; 2-h duration and postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) or high dependency unit admission). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of PO-AKI within 72&nbsp;h of surgery defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Secondary endpoints included PO-AKI severity and duration, use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality, and ICU and hospital length of stay. Results: We studied 10,568 patients and 1945 (18.4%) developed PO-AKI (1236 (63.5%) KDIGO stage 1500 (25.7%) KDIGO stage 2209 (10.7%) KDIGO stage 3). In 33.8% PO-AKI was persistent, and 170/1945 (8.7%) of patients with PO-AKI received RRT in the ICU. Patients with PO-AKI had greater ICU (6.3% vs. 0.7%) and hospital (8.6% vs. 1.4%) mortality, and longer ICU (median 2 (Q1-Q3, 1-3) days vs. 3 (Q1-Q3, 1-6) days) and hospital length of stay (median 14 (Q1-Q3, 9-24) days vs. 10 (Q1-Q3, 7-17) days). Risk factors for PO-AKI included older age, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease), type, duration and urgency of surgery as well as intraoperative vasopressors, and aminoglycosides administration. Conclusion: In a comprehensive multinational study, approximately one in five patients develop PO-AKI after major surgery. Increasing severity of PO-AKI is associated with a progressive increase in adverse outcomes. Our findings indicate that PO-AKI represents a significant burden for health care worldwide