Sustainable Management of Household Garbage- Status of Citizens behavior and participation A Case Study of Khenifra region – Morocco

Like the other Moroccan territories, Khenifra region faces many problems in household waste management, due to produced waste quantities, the insufficient infrastructure and the low level of environmental education. Khenifra region contain a diversified and fragile natural environment. In this work, we used the social approach that aims to diagnose the current state of waste management in the study area and in order to propose appropriate solutions for a successful management, as results, the existence of several deficiencies and constraints in the daily operations of collection and landfilling. Surveys and field visits have been carried out showed that the human and material resources used in the west management operation are not sufficient and not respect the environmental conditions. Facing these constraints require, an effective strategy for management of household waste in this territory has been developed to ensure a better collect and treatment. Thus, our proposed strategy cannot succeed without population involved, it requires collaboration between municipalities, delegated companies and citizens as well

Performances Assessment of Wastewater Treatment Plant in Boujaâd City, Khouribga Province, Morocco

The wastewater purification is a complicated and costlier operation if it not well chosen. Contrariwise, it could be simple and cheaper if the treatment system respect the environmental conditions and under international standards. To purify its wastewater, Boujaâd City chose to use the natural lagooning system. To verify the ability of this system, our study focuses on assessing the performances of this system to purify Boujaad city wastewater. For this reason, this study is based on the physicochemical monitoring of raw and purified water, both spatially and temporally, to detect and determine the percentage of pollution abatement in this wastewater treatment plant. According to the results, the quality of wastewater treatment plant rejection is conforming to the national and international standards. Here, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and suspended solids (SS) parameters reached 69%, 66%, and 86% respectively. The results obtained show that the purification operation in Boujaad wastewater treatment plant was adequate

Wastewater reuse in agriculture sector: resources management and adaptation in the context of climate change: case study of the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region, Morocco

Recent climate change effects worsened water scarcity in Morocco and forced the country to seek alternative water resources such as domestic and industrial wastewater. In this context, we assessed the treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of the BeniMellal-Khenifra region based on physicochemical and biological parameters. Vegetation cover evolution near WWTPs was also analysed using satellite images (Landsat TM and OLI). Six WWTP were evaluated based on treated water quality and a survey of nearby farmers and residents. Results showed treated wastewater is in line with Moroccan standards, and can be reused for irrigation and aquaculture without harmful effects. The survey pointed to the Boujaad WWTP as a model in the region. The vegetation cover evolution before and after WWTP existence showed an important improvement of cultivated lands. As a conclusion, wastewater reuse will allow the BeniMellal-Khenifra region to secure agricultural irrigation to safeguard freshwater quantities and quality despite climate change

Assessing land use /cover variation effects on flood intensity via hydraulic simulations: A case study of Oued El Abid watershed (Morocco)

Despite the semi-arid to arid nature of its climate, Morocco is exposed, like all the Mediterranean countries to inundations, which can be very damaging for public and private infrastructure, and cause many victims. On Monday 10 August 2015, one of Oued El Abid tributary raised in a remarkable way, causing five deaths and serious material damage in Iminwargue village (Azilal province). This study comes to assess the impact of land use/cover variation in the multiplication of floods frequency via the hydraulic simulations. For this purpose, relying on land use/cover variation from 1987 to 2017, flow and precipitation database, we made a hydraulic simulation of the 2015 event and the 100 years recurrence inundation. As results, the land use/cover decrease is always followed by an increase in flows peak even that all recorded precipitations are more or less similar. The case study hundred years inundation prediction shows a 5.03 m increase in the river and all population near banks, agricultural land and other useful infrastructure such as roads and bridges are invaded. These results show that more catastrophic events could be reproduced and oblige the decision makers in Oued El Abid watershed to be aware of the critical situation

Evaluating the potential of Sentinel-2 satellite images for water quality characterization of artificial reservoirs: The Bin El Ouidane Reservoir case study (Morocco)

Monitoring water quality in large dams is becoming a necessity for protecting stored water from various forms of pollution. This process requires analysis of several samples on a weekly or monthly basis. Our study aims to determine the relationship between water quality parameters (WQP) and digital data from the Sentinel-2 satellite to estimate and map the WQP in the Bin El Ouidane Reservoir. The in situ sampling was carried out in the Bin El Ouidane Reservoir (Azilal Province), followed by analysis of physicochemical parameters in the laboratory. These measurement results were compared with the reflectance in each sampling location to investigate the correlations between bands and laboratory chemical analysis results. The correlation results showed that all studied parameters have an R2 greater than 0.52, and they can be transformed to predictive models by stepwise regression. The accuracy of our proposed models was tested using the Oum Er-Rbia Hydraulic Basin Agency data, and the results showed that only three parameters yield admissible verification results (Chlorophyll A, dissolved Oxygen and Nitrate). Those models were then used in geographic information system software to produce a thematic map of each parameter over the entire surface of the reservoir. As a conclusion, the Sentinel-2 images could help indicate the eutrophication stage in the Bin El Ouidane Reservoir, which is a major risk in major Moroccan reservoirs