The Kazakh Scientist of the 19th Century Chokan Valikhanov is a Founder Graphic Art of Kazakhstan

The contents of article are devoted to studying of art heritage in the field of arts of the Kazakh scientist of Chokan Valikhanov - a bright phenomenon in the scientific sphere of Russia and Europe in of an eyelid In work on the basis of studying scientific literary links about art creativity and the brief excursion - analysis of drawings from a position of art criticism are proved a role and importance of studying preservation its heritage for enrichment of history of arts of Kazakhstan and in use of spiritual education of the younger generatio

The Kazakh Scientist of the 19th Century Chokan Valikhanov is a Founder Graphic Art of Kazakhstan

The contents of article are devoted to studying of art heritage in the field of arts of the Kazakh scientist of Chokan Valikhanov - a bright phenomenon in the scientific sphere of Russia and Europe in of an eyelid In work on the basis of studying scientific literary links about art creativity and the brief excursion - analysis of drawings from a position of art criticism are proved a role and importance of studying preservation its heritage for enrichment of history of arts of Kazakhstan and in use of spiritual education of the younger generatio

A Drift-Resilient and Degeneracy-Aware Loop Closure Detection Method for Localization and Mapping In Perceptually-Degraded Environments

Enabling fully autonomous robots capable of navigating and exploring unknown and complex environments has been at the core of robotics research for several decades. Mobile robots rely on a model of the environment for functions like manipulation, collision avoidance and path planning. In GPS-denied and unknown environments where a prior map of the environment is not available, robots need to rely on the onboard sensing to obtain locally accurate maps to operate in their local environment. A global map of an unknown environment can be constructed from fusion of local maps of temporally or spatially distributed mobile robots in the environment. Loop closure detection, the ability to assert that a robot has returned to a previously visited location, is crucial for consistent mapping as it reduces the drift caused by error accumulation in the estimated robot trajectory. Moreover, in multi-robot systems, loop closure detection enables finding the correspondences between the local maps obtained by individual robots and merging them into a consistent global map of the environment. In ambiguous and perceptually-degraded environments, robust detection of intra- and inter-robot loop closures is especially challenging. This is due to poor illumination or lack-thereof, self-similarity, and sparsity of distinctive perceptual landmarks and features sufficient for establishing global position. Overcoming these challenges enables a wide range of terrestrial and planetary applications, ranging from search and rescue, and disaster relief in hostile environments, to robotic exploration of lunar and Martian surfaces, caves and lava tubes that are of particular interest as they can provide potential habitats for future manned space missions. In this dissertation, methods and metrics are developed for resolving location ambiguities to significantly improve loop closures in perceptually-degraded environments with sparse or undifferentiated features. The first contribution of this dissertation is development of a degeneracy-aware SLAM front-end capable of determining the level of geometric degeneracy in an unknown environment based on computing the Hessian associated with the computed optimal transformation from lidar scan matching. Using this crucial capability, featureless areas that could lead to data association ambiguity and spurious loop closures are determined and excluded from the search for loop closures. This significantly improves the quality and accuracy of localization and mapping, because the search space for loop closures can be expanded as needed to account for drift while decreasing rather than increasing the probability of false loop closure detections. The second contribution of this dissertation is development of a drift-resilient loop closure detection method that relies on the 2D semantic and 3D geometric features extracted from lidar point cloud data to enable detection of loop closures with increased robustness and accuracy as compared to traditional geometric methods. The proposed method achieves higher performance by exploiting the spatial configuration of the local scenes embedded in 2D occupancy grid maps commonly used in robot navigation, to search for putative loop closures in a pre-matching step before using a geometric verification. The third contribution of this dissertation is an extensive evaluation and analysis of performance and comparison with the state-of-the-art methods in simulation and in real-world, including six challenging underground mines across the United States

Prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary teeth in a non-syndrome Turkish population : associated pathologies and proposed treatment

Objective: The objectives of the present study were to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary teeth and evaluate the associated pathologies and treatment protocol in a Turkish patient population. Study design: A retrospective study was performed using full-mouth periapical and panoramic radiographs of 3491 patients (2146 females and 1345 males) ranging in age from 12 to 25. For each patient with supernumerary teeth we recorded the demographic variables (including age, sex), number, location, position, type, and morphology of supernumerary teeth, associated pathologies or complications, and whether any treatment has been carried out. The Pearson chi-squared test was used to determine potential differences in the distribution of supernumerary teeth when stratified by gender. Results: Supernumerary teeth were detected in 42 subjects (1.2%), of which 27 were males and 15 were females with a 1.8:1 male female ratio (P<.001). The most commonly found supernumerary teeth were mesiodens (31.3%) followed by premolar (25.0%), lateral (22.9%), distomolar (14.5%), paramolar (4.2%), and canine (2.1%). Of the 48 supernumerary teeth examined, 50.0% (n=24) were conical, 81.3% (n=39) were in a vertical position, and 20.8% (n=10) were erupted. Supernumerary teeth caused rotation or displacement of the adjacent teeth in 14 cases, and the impaction of the permanent teeth in 8 cases. Conclusion: The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in our series was found to be 1.2%, the most frequent type being mesiodens. Rotation or displacement of permanent teeth was the most frequent complication caused by supernumerary teeth

Programming pedagogy in the age of accessible artificial intelligence

In recent years, new teaching opportunities have emerged as artificial intelligence has gained increasing attention in computational thinking education. However, to design effective pedagogy based on the present research landscape, the technology solution must be tailored to a learning environment through a collaboration between human-computer interaction and human-artificial intelligence interaction research. The thesis aims to enhance programming experiences and increase accessibility to programming resources for students in remote schools and post-secondary graduate settings using human-computer interaction and human-artificial intelligence interaction techniques. It addresses the limited computational thinking education resources and the potential of artificial intelligence-assisted coding in a self-learning method suitable for remote Northwestern First Nation communities in Canada. This thesis proposes methods to cater to students’ learning styles in two different learning environments using human-computer interaction for kindergarten to grade 12 students and human-artificial intelligence interaction for university students. Incorporating these research principles can help novice programmers overcome cognitive overload and poor user experience and achieve an optimal user experience. The thesis begins with bibliometric analysis and provides a holistic perspective of computational thinking and artificial intelligence trending strategies. It then presents an empirical study on human-computer interaction, investigating computational thinking in remote kindergarten to grade 12 schools with blended learning environments. It also presents another empirical study on human-artificial intelligence interaction to experiment with a self-learning style for artificial intelligence coding assistants for university students using massive open online courses. [...

Frequency and characteristics of tooth agenesis among an orthodontic patient population

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of tooth agenesis and the associated skeletal morphology and arch widths in a group of Turkish patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: We designed a retrospective study composed of pre- and post-treatment panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalometric films of 3,341 patients (2,040 females and 1,301 males). Tooth agenesis was evaluated for hypodontia and oligodontia -excluding the third molars- from the orthopantomograms. The significance test for the differences in the skeletal morphology between hypodontia and non-hypodontia patients was performed using the Pearson chi-square and Student t-test. Results: The prevalence of tooth agenesis was 4.6 percent for the Turkish orthodontic patient population. Tooth agenesis was found more frequently in females than in males, although this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The most commonly missing teeth were the maxillary lateral incisors, followed by the mandibular second premolars and mandibular central incisors. Intercanine and intermolar widths in the maxillary and mandibular arches were significantly reduced in the hypodontia group compared with the control group (p0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of tooth agenesis was found to be 4.6 percent for the Turkish orthodontic patient population (hypodontia 4.3% and oligodontia 0.3%), and was found more frequently in females. Intercanine and intermolar widths were significantly reduced in the hypodontia group for both jaws compared with the control grou

The Treatment of a Maxillary Retrognathia Case with Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) and Face Mask Appliance, and 1- Year Follow Up After Treatment (Case Report)

In this case report, the treatment of an 10 years and 7 months old girl with skeletal Class III malocclusion charecterized with maxiller retrognathia using RME and face mask appliance and 1 year follow up. The screw turned 2 times a day until sutura opens and 1 times a day after opens and the use of the face mask was started after obtaining adequate expansion. The elastics with 1000 g force with 20°–30° to the occlusal plane were adjusted and the patient was told to use them for least 16–18 hours. Skeletal and dental Class III with anterior crossbite corrected and soft tissue anomalies were obtained from the successful changes afer treatment for 12 months. Although our patient is in pubertal period, and fixed orthodontic treatment is not applied after obtaining dental Class I occlusion in patient, the amount of relapse is very low and after 1-year follow-up, the occlusion has been seen to be stable

Determination of Orthodontic Treatment Need for Individuals in Pubertal Growth Period and Effects of Different Variables on the Treatment Needs with Using the ICON Index

Aim:To evaluation of orthodontic treatment need for individuals who are in pubertal growth period with using the ICON index and whether treatment need change according to gender, dental, sagittal and vertical skeletal malocclusions.Subjects and Method:In this study, pretreatment orthodontic casts and panoramic films of 138 patients (75 females, 63 males and mean age 13.8 ± 1,2) were investigated by using ICON index.Results:91 of 138 patients (%65,9) were found to be need for orthodontic treatment. Although it is not statistically significant, females in genders (%69,3), Class III patients in dental malocclusions % 71,4), and Class I and Class III anomalies in sagittal skeletal malocclusions were found higher than the others. Also, in vertical skeletal malocclusions, orthodontic treatment needs of hyper-diverjant patients % 79,3) were found statistically higher than the others.Conclusion:The majority of individuals who were in pubertal growth period were female (% 54,3), dental Class II (% 70,3), skeletal Class I malocclusion (%55,8) and normo-diverjant (%47,8). It was seen that when the vertical direction growth increased, the need for orthodontic treatment increased. As a result, studies about indexes should be done for comparison, sharing and proliferation of new information, and patients determination for orthodontic treatment should be done according to treatment needs rather than Angle classifications

The Relationship Between Malocclusion Perceptions of Patient and Clinician

Aim:To evaluate the Aesthetic Component (AC), which is part of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) according to the patient and the clinician's point of view and to examine whether there is a difference between them in terms of awareness according to gender and pubertal situation.Subjects and Method:The study material of 100 patients (50 males, 50 females) with mean age 13.9 consisted of pre-treatment orthodontic models and hand-wrist films. AC images used in determination of the patient and clinician perceptions of malocclusion.Results:These 100 patients gave the same score with 32 clinicians, percentage of compliance of all patients was 32.0 % and there was no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between clinician and patient's perceptions of malocclusion. Perceptions of malocclusion was also examined according to genders, there was no statistically significant difference between female and male patients, and clinician (p>0.05). Perceptions of malocclusion was also examined according to puberta, there was only no statistically significant difference between patients in pubertal period and clinician (p>0.05), but there was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between patients with pre-and postpubertal period, and clinician.Conclusion:Although there was not difference between perceptions of malocclusion of the genders, the patients in pubertal period were more objective, more aware of their malocclusions and dental aesthetics than the pre-and postpubertal patients So that, a greater number of this patients referred for orthodontic treatment