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ΠΠΠ‘Π Π₯ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ£ ΠΠΠΠ: ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π ΠΠ£Π’Π¬ Π ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠ«Π ΠΠΠΠΠ―ΠΠ«
The article is dedicated to Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd (1943β2010) βΒ an Egyptian thinker, one of the leading liberal theologians of Islam, professorΒ at Cairo University. The work traces in detail the life and scientifi cpaths of Nasr Abu Zayd, including the process of the so-called βAbu ZaydΒ caseβ, which had resonance not only in the Muslim, but also in the WesternΒ world, and caused the emigration of the thinker from his native country.Β The author also analyzes the main ideas of Abu Zayd, which resulted inΒ criticism of adherents of traditional views and gave reason for accusing theΒ thinker of apostasy.ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π₯Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΠ±Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ΄Π° (1943β2010) β Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ°. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΒ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΠ±Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ΄Π°, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π±Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ Β«Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΠ±Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ΄Π°Β», Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΠΌΡΡΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΒ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ ΠΠ±Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π‘Π¨Π Π½Π° Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°
The financialization genesis of the global economy centered in the United States is on the bifurcation point nowβ a fictive capitalβ expansion is damaging with the social capital regeneration mechanism disaster. The method of identifying and estimating the fictive capitalβ extension is absent for now. The fictive capital exists as a metaphor on the science papers but not as an institutional basis of the capital flows directions. The paper aims to update the configuration of the global financial system, its dependence on the performance of US corporations and banks; to identify the sources of vulnerability of world finance and global liquidity from the fictitious capital of American financial markets. The methodology is theoretical patternβ of financial capital movements and its real statistical market indicators comparison. The empirical base is statistical data about the financial flows and financial results especially about the US as a global financial center. Based on the results the authors have revealed an origin of fictive capital on the US bank sector by the justification for the conclusion of liquidity above the profitable as the purpose of financial operations. This conclusion is confirmed with the scale of off-balance sheet transactions of banks. Besides the regression between the prices of derivativeβ basis assets and stock indexes has been shown. Also, the market capitalization of American companies is not sensitive to change in market liquidity indicators. The authors concluded that global financialization is supported by significant internal contradictions in the US economy. The source of contradictions is the financial mechanism for withdrawing liquidity from the sphere of production and circulation into the sphere of financial markets. Capital investment using instruments of the US financial market entails the threat of losing their liquidity. Forecasting the dynamics of the global economy without taking into account the role of fictitious capital, which is emerging in the American financial markets, leads to global vulnerability and may cause the next financial crisis.ΠΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π² Π‘Π¨Π ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ»Π° ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ β ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°, ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π° Π½Π΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡβ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π΅Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π‘Π¨Π, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ·Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π·Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π‘Π¨Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π‘Π¨Π. ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Ρ Π·Π°Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΈΡΠΆΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π‘Π¨Π. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π‘Π¨Π Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°, Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ·Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°
ΠΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ (ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ) ΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ: ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡ
The article discusses the manifestations of liberal Islam that are currently observed in Germany. The questions to what extent Islam has adapted to the new environment and values, and what methods and practices are proposed by German Muslims in order to make Islamic traditional norms compatible with fundamental Western values are raised. As examples are taken the concept of βEuroIslamβ by Bassam Tibi, as well as the activities of German Islamic activists Seyran Atesh, Rabeya MΓΌller and Halima Krausen are taken as exampl.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ°, Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ Β«Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ°Β» ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° Π’ΠΈΠ±ΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π² Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Π½ ΠΡΠ΅Ρ, Π Π°Π±Π΅ΠΉΠΈ ΠΡΠ»Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈ Π₯Π°Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ·Π΅Π½
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ
Introduction. Uncontrolled bronchial asthma (BA) increases risk of hospitalizations, future exacerbations and decreases quality of life; factors improving the probability to achieve BA control are under study.Methods and materials. The open prospective study included 104 patients of three groups: children (6β11 years, n=38), adolescents (14β17 years, n = 35) and adults (25 β 50 years, n = 31). Inclusion criteria: BA duration >12 month, uncontrolled asthma, absence of acute respiratory infection for 14 days. Clinical history, respiratory function and sampling (serum and nasal brushings) for periostin assay were performed on Visit 1. Maintenance therapy correction and triggers avoiding recommendations were made. Two further visits 6 months apart were done. Statistical processing included ANOVA (Kruskall β Wallis test) and Pearson correlation test. Differences were considered significant when p<0.05.Results. 75 % of Β«ChildrenΒ» group,70.6 % of Β«AdolescentsΒ» and 53.6 % of Β«AdultsΒ» had achieved BA control. Obesity, non-atopic phenotype, FEV1 <65 % of predicted were risk factors of uncontrolled BA. Serum periostin levels were highest in uncontrolled BA subgroup, Me [Q25; Q75] =32.9 [28.6; 39.1] ng/ml. Nasal periostin levels were highest in Β«AdolescentΒ» group: 9.8 [4.8; 11.2] ng/ml. Nasal periostin and low FEV1 had moderate reverse correlation (r=β0.61).Conclusion. Serum and nasal periostin levels could indicate treatment efficacy and prognose future risks of BA control loss.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ° (ΠΠ) ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ; ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ. Π ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 104 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ: Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈ (6 β 11 Π»Π΅Ρ, n = 38), ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈ (14β17 Π»Π΅Ρ, n = 35), Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΅ (25 β 50 Π»Π΅Ρ, n = 31). ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: ΡΡΠ°ΠΆ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΠ >12 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π², Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°, >14 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ 1 Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·Π°, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (Π€ΠΠ), Π²Π·ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ°Ρ-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ. Π‘ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ 6 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ 2 Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°. Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ANOVA (ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Π° β Π£ΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΡΠ°) ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°. Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Ρ<0,05.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈ 75 % ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Β«ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΒ», 70,6 % ΠΈΠ· Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Β«ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΒ» ΠΈ 53,6 % ΠΈΠ· Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Β«ΠΠ·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΅Β». Π€Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ: ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π½Π΅Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ
Π° Π·Π° 1 Ρ (ΠΠ€Π1) <65 % ΠΎΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠ, Me [Q25; Q75]=32,9 [28,6; 39,1] Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ». ΠΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Β«ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΒ»: 9,8 [4,8; 11,2] Π½Π³/ΠΌΠ». Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ€Π1 ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ (r= β0,61).ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π² Π½Π°Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠ
Outlier detection and classification in sensor data streams for proactive decision support systems
A paper has a deal with the problem of quality assessment in sensor data streams accumulated by proactive decision support systems. The new problem is stated where outliers need to be detected and to be classified according to their nature of origin. There are two types of outliers defined; the first type is about misoperations of a system and the second type is caused by changes in the observed system behavior due to inner and external influences. The proposed method is based on the data-driven forecast approach to predict the values in the incoming data stream at the expected time. This method includes the forecasting model and the clustering model. The forecasting model predicts a value in the incoming data stream at the expected time to find the deviation between a real observed value and a predicted one. The clustering method is used for taxonomic classification of outliers. Constructive neural networks models (CoNNS) and evolving connectionists systems (ECS) are used for prediction of sensors data. There are two real world tasks are used as case studies. The maximal values of accuracy are 0.992 and 0.974, and F1 scores are 0.967 and 0.938, respectively, for the first and the second tasks. The conclusion contains findings how to apply the proposed method in proactive decision support systems
Russiaβs economy innovative development in conditions of the import substitution
Β© 2018, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved. The article aims to investigate Russiaβs economy innovative development in conditions of the import substitution. The analysis of the nomenclature of import-substituting products was carried out using the official list of priority and critical types of products, services and software in terms of import substitution and national security. As a result, the model of catching-up development which was being objectively criticized earlier, has once again taken up the leading position in the economic agenda of the state. In conclusion, the sanctions pressure exerted on Russia has affected both the current macroeconomic situation and the system of its promising technological development
The use of screening methods as element array system improvement public health
The priority pollutants of the environment in industrial cities are such reproductive toxic substances as benzo(a)pyrene, formaldehyde, phenol and nitrogen dioxide [1]. Chemical substances, which a person confronts in the course of professional activity, may cause mutagenic and genotoxic effects and hereditary disorders. The exposure to physical factors of production environment may result in pathology. The study of harmful factor impact on the reproductive health of workers, the development of study screening methods and prevention activities is an important one. The tiered screening system was used, including socio-sanitary, physical, chemical, clinical, biochemical and cytogenetic studies. 318 men were observed - the workers of the machine-building enterprise who deal with harmful chemical and physical factors during their work and 148 workers without a contact (control group). Questionnaire screening showed that almost 70% of respondents work in contact with a chemical factor, 2/3 of respondents work in a noisy atmosphere, about 40% work with local vibration, at that 8.5% of the patients consulted a doctor concerning reproductive function disorders. The measurements of physical factors at workplaces revealed the excess of maximum permissible levels of noise and local vibration. The exceeding of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of benz(a)pyrene, mineral oil aerosols, nitrogen dioxide, epichlorohydrin were also revealed in the working area. The results of testosterone, lutropin and follitropin levels showed that abnormalities were found among 25.5% of the employees, including 21% of workers exposed to a local vibration. The mathematical model is developed for the estimation of reproductive disorder occurrence probability, significantly influencing factors were determined. These factors are presented by vibration impact, the experienced diseases, the activator of which could have the affinity for seminiferous epithelium, the changes of testosterone levels, the miscarriages among women in history. The noise at workplaces (87.7 + 4.5 dB) significantly affects the blood levels of testosterone (r = 0,51, p < 0.04), which may be associated with the influence on Leydig cells and hypothalamic-hypophysial system. The impact of reprotoxicants (benz(a)pyrene, mineral oil aerosols, nitrogen dioxide), may cause reproductive health damage. In order to study the reproductive health status, to determine risk groups and the development of preventive measures it is advisable to use a multi-level screening system, including questioning, the hygienic assessment of industrial environmental factors, hormonal status determination, mathematical modeling
Application of magnesium drugs and their influence on the indicators of connective tissue dysplasia in patients with varicose veins
ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ‘Π¨ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ /ΠΠΠ Π’ΠΠ Π€ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ―ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠ‘Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ«ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π‘Π’ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ―ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ BΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°Π· ΠΈ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π½ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ 124 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π½ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ (ΠΠΠΠΠ) ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π‘2-Π‘6, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° 4 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ. Π I-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (32 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°); Π²ΠΎ II-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ (32 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°); Π² III-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (30 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ); Π² IV-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ (30 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ). V-Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 20 Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π², Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ II-ΠΉ ΠΈ IV-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ 500 ΠΌΠ³ 2 ΡΠ°Π±Π». 3 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 3 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ-1 (ΠΠΠ-1), ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ-9 (ΠΠΠ-9), ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ-1 (Π’ΠΠΠ-1) ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π£ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ: 35,5% ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ 15% ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π². ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΠΠΠΠΠ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ-9 ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π’ΠΠΠ-1. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠΠ-9, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π’ΠΠΠ-1, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½Ρ ΠΠΠ/Π’ΠΠΠ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠΠΠΠ.Objective. To study the effect of magnesium drugs on the concentration of matrix metalloproteinases and magnesium ions in patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities. Methods. The study included 124 patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities, C2-C6, which were divided into 4 groups. In the 1st group, surgical treatment followed with the administering the standard conservative treatment (32 patient); in the 2nd group after the operation in addition to conservative treatment, magnesium drugs (32 patient) were prescribed; in the 3rd group, conservative treatment without surgery (30 patient) was performed; in the 4th group patients received standard conservative treatment and magnesium drugs (30 patient). The 5th control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers who did not suffer from varicose veins disease. Patients of groups 2 and 4 were given magnesium orotate 500 mg 2 tablets 3 times a day for 3 months. The content of serum matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) was determined by quantitative solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. The magnesium ion concentration was determined by colorimetric method. Results. In patients with varicose veins of lower extremities a significantly lower level of magnesium was registered compared to healthy volunteers not suffering from varicose veins: 35.5% of those with varicose veins had a magnesium deficiency, while only 15% had a decrease in this indicator among healthy volunteers. Against the background of additional therapy with magnesium drugs, there was a decrease in the number of patients with magnesium deficiency in groups with varicose veins of lower extremities, a decrease in MMP-9 concentration and an increase in TIMP-1 activity was also established. Conclusions. This study has confirmed the efficacy of magnesium drugs which have a pronounced effect on collagen degradation processes and extracellular matrix, reduce the activity of MMP-9, increase the concentration of TIMP-1, thereby affecting the MMP/TIMP balance in patients with varicose veins of lower extremities
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