A Review on Forwarding Strategies in NDN based Vehicular Networks

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a model that has been proposed by many researchers to alter the long-established IP based networking model. It derives the content centric approach rather than host-based approach. This is gaining even more traction in the wireless network and is able to replace the conventional IP-based networking. Up to now, NDN has proven to be fruitful when used with certain limitations in vehicular networks. Vehicular networks deal with exchanging information across fast moving complex vehicle network topology. The sending and receiving of information in such a scenario acts as a challenge and thus requires an effective forwarding strategy to address this problem. Different research work has provided with multiple forwarding strategy that solves the current problem up to some limit but further research work is still longed for to get an optimum solution. This paper provides a brief survey on current existing forwarding strategies related to vehicular networks using NDN as well as providing information on various resources and technologies used in it

Chemical and microbial evaluation of water of Rupa lake

Analysis of chemical and microbial features of Rupa lake water was carried out in summer season by adopting accepted analytical techniques. Water samples were collected at 28°C, and on-site observations were made for features like colour, odour, pH, transparency, dissolved oxygen, and free carbon dioxide. In the laboratory, the concentration of prominent mineral ions and microbial contamination were measured using accepted analytical techniques. Transparency of lake water was noted 91cm and electrical conductivity 41 µs/cm indicating the presence of suspended particulate at moderately higher concentration. This water is slightly alkaline with pH of 7.2 that is accounted by domination of alkali and alkaline metal ions. Presence of nitrogenous species mainly ammonium and nitrate in excess amount has detected to be major reason for rapid eutrophication in the lake. Analysis of Rupa lake water has shown the considerable presence of phosphate and sulphate which have added to the hardness 130 mg/L of the water as well. On the top of this fairly higher concentration of free carbon dioxide indicates presence of organic wastes in association with decaying matters. Domestic sewage discharge, the use of pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural areas, as well as other solid waste dumps has caused microbial contamination and the biggest dangers to the viability of Rupa lake. The risk of contamination and the eutrophication process needs to be managed by creating public awareness [1].The study shows that water quality of Rupa lake is contaminated for drinking but adequately suitable for all aquatic life and ecological balance

Experience of Mothers Having Preterm Newborns in Neonatal Care Units

Background: Preterm births are vulnerable to morbidities and require hospitalization in the neonatal care unit (NCU). The situation is stressful for mothers influencing their attachment and care to the newborns. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the experience of mothers having preterm newborns in NCU. Methods: The qualitative study was conducted among purposively selected 13 mothers of NCU admitted preterm infants at Tribhuvan University, Teaching Hospital. Data was collected using in-depth interview. Colaizzi content analysis method was used for data analysis. Results: Among 13 mothers, 8 were primipara, 25-30 years, homemakers; 6 had Bachelor or above education; 11 had ANC visit > 4 times.  Ten infants were very preterm (< 32 weeks gestational age), 11 have very low birth weight (< 1500 gram), 9 born by caesarian section and stayed NICU for 7-14 days. Study identified 5 themes and 18 subthemes: loss of control (fear and anxiety, distress towards pain and suffering, guilt feeling, hopelessness); sense of difference (newborn’s appearance, needs and problems, breastfeeding and parental roles); care of newborn (trust to nurses, confidence and emotional attachment with care involvement,), support for coping (support from family, nurses and other mothers); and difficulties faced (distance to NCU, inadequate guidance and information, and lack of supportive environment) Conclusion: The hospitalization of preterm newborns in NCUs was usually stressful situation for mothers. Their positive experience and coping was related with provided guidance support and involvement in newborn care. Therefore, nurses working in NCU should consider these care components in their practice

Experience of Cyberbullying among Nursing Students

Background: Personal hygiene includes cleanliness of the body and proper maintenance of personal appearance. This study aimed to identify the existing knowledge and practice of personal hygiene among lower secondary level school-going children in Morang, province one, in Eastern-Nepal. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive study was conducted in selected schools of Morang district, Eastern-Nepal comprising of 400 school children. Data was collected using a self-developed and validated structured questionnaire and observation checklist. Two schools from rural areas and two from urban areas were randomly selected and students from classes 6, 7 and 8 were also randomly selected for the study. Result: The majority of the students were in the age group 10-15 years (55% in urban areas and 50% in rural areas). Proper handwashing technique was reported by 59.5% of the students from the urban areas and 48.5% from rural areas. The majority of the students used toothpaste for brushing teeth in urban (79%) and rural areas (76%) respectively. For hand washing, 52% used soap in the urban areas whereas only 26% used soap in the rural area. Although knowledge and practice of personal hygiene were adequate, a significant gap was noted between them in the urban and rural areas (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant gap between the knowledge and practice regarding the personal hygiene among the respondents both in the rural and in the urban areas. Adequate number of educational interventions has to be encompassed in the schools to increase the awareness among the students regarding this subject

Implementation Science to Accelerate Clean Cooking for Public Health

Clean cooking has emerged as a major concern for global health and development because of the enormous burden of disease caused by traditional cookstoves and fires. The World Health Organization has developed new indoor air quality guidelines that few homes will be able to achieve without replacing traditional methods with modern clean cooking technologies, including fuels and stoves. However, decades of experience with improved stove programs indicate that the challenge of modernizing cooking in impoverished communities includes a complex, multi-sectoral set of problems that require implementation research. The National Institutes of Health, in partnership with several government agencies and the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, has launched the Clean Cooking Implementation Science Network that aims to address this issue. In this article, our focus is on building a knowledge base to accelerate scale-up and sustained use of the cleanest technologies in low- and middle-income countries. Implementation science provides a variety of analytical and planning tools to enhance effectiveness of clinical and public health interventions. These tools are being integrated with a growing body of knowledge and new research projects to yield new methods, consensus tools, and an evidence base to accelerate improvements in health promised by the renewed agenda of clean cooking.Fil: Rosenthal, Joshua. National Institutes Of Health. Fogarty International Center; Estados UnidosFil: Balakrishnan, Kalpana. Sri Ramachandra University; IndiaFil: Bruce, Nigel. University of Liverpool; Reino UnidoFil: Chambers, David. National Institutes of Health. National Cancer Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Graham, Jay. The George Washington University; Estados UnidosFil: Jack, Darby. Columbia University; Estados UnidosFil: Kline, Lydia. National Institutes Of Health. Fogarty International Center; Estados UnidosFil: Masera, Omar Raul. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Mehta, Sumi. Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves; Estados UnidosFil: Mercado, Ilse Ruiz. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Neta, Gila. National Institutes of Health. National Cancer Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Pattanayak, Subhrendu. University of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Puzzolo, Elisa. Global LPG Partnership; Estados UnidosFil: Petach, Helen. U.S. Agency for International Development; Estados UnidosFil: Punturieri, Antonello. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Rubinstein, Adolfo Luis. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sage, Michael. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados UnidosFil: Sturke, Rachel. National Institutes Of Health. Fogarty International Center; Estados UnidosFil: Shankar, Anita. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Sherr, Kenny. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Smith, Kirk. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Yadama, Gautam. Washington University in St. Louis; Estados Unido

The IntAct database:Efficient access to fine-grained molecular interaction data

The IntAct molecular interaction database (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact) is a curated resource of molecular interactions, derived from the scientific literature and from direct data depositions. As of August 2021, IntAct provides more than one million binary interactions, curated by twelve global partners of the International Molecular Exchange consortium, for which the IntAct database provides a shared curation and dissemination platform. The IMEx curation policy has always emphasised a fine-grained data and curation model, aiming to capture the relevant experimental detail essential for the interpretation of the provided molecular interaction data. Here, we present recent curation focus and progress, as well as a completely redeveloped website which presents IntAct data in a much more user-friendly and detailed way

Adapting and piloting a social contact-based intervention to reduce mental health stigma among primary care providers:Protocol for a multi-site feasibility study

Stigma among primary care providers (PCPs) is a barrier to successful integration of mental health services in primary healthcare settings globally. Therefore, cross-culturally adaptable and feasible strategies are needed to reduce stigma among PCPs. This protocol is for a multi-site pilot study that aims to adapt and evaluate cross-cultural feasibility and acceptability of a social contact-based primary healthcare intervention in 7 sites in 5 low-and-middle-income countries. A mixed methods pilot study using an uncontrolled before-after study design will be conducted in China (Beijing, Guangzhou), Ethiopia (Sodo), India (Bengaluru, Delhi), Nepal (Syangja), and Tunisia (Testour). The intervention, entitled REducing Stigma among HealthcAre ProvidErs (RESHAPE), is a collaboration with people with lived experience of mental health conditions (PWLE), their family members, and aspirational figures (who are PCPs who have demonstrated high motivation to integrate mental health services). PWLE and their family members are trained in a participatory technique, PhotoVoice, to visually depict and narrate recovery stories. Aspirational figures conduct myth busting exercises and share their experiences treating PWLE. Outcomes among PCPs will include stigma knowledge, explicit and implicit attitudes, and mental healthcare competencies. To understand the feasibility, and acceptability of the intervention, qualitative interviews will be carried out with PWLE, family members, and aspirational figures, PhotoVoice trainers, mental health specialists co-leading the primary care trainings, and PCPs receiving mental health training. The sites will also generate evidence regarding feasibility, acceptability, recruitment, retention, fidelity, safety, and usefulness of the intervention to make further adaptations and modifications. The results will inform cross-cultural guidelines for collaboration with PWLE when conducting mental health training of primary healthcare workers. The results will be used to design future multi-site hybrid trials focusing on effectiveness and implementation

PESTICIDES ALTER AMINO ACIDS IN CHANNA PUNCTATUS

Present histochemical observations made on amino acids in stomach ana intestine of Channa punctatus after the treatment of endosulfan and diazinon pesticides. The observation reveals an overall depletion in the activities of arginine and tryptophane, it means that these pesticides interact with cellular proteins

Knowledge and Practice of Postnatal Mother in Newborn Care

Introduction: Neonatal mortality has continued to increase as a percentage (>60%) of overall infant mortality. Any further reduction in infant mortality is dependent on saving more newborn lives. It is possible if their mothers are knowledgeable and provide proper newborn care. Therefore, the objective of the study was to find out knowledge and practice of the postnatal mothers about newborn care. Methods: A descriptive study was done among 100 purposively selected post natal mothers admitted in Teaching Hospital. Newborn care practice was observed among 20 mothers and comparison was done between knowledge and practice. Semi-structured interview questionnaire and observation checklist was used to collect the data. The descriptive statistics was used. Results: Respondents’ mean knowledge was on keeping newborn warm 44.2, on newborn care 47.2, on immunization 67.33, on danger signs 35.63. All (100%) respondents had have knowledge and practice to feed colostrums and exclusive breast feeding, 70 (70%) knew about early initiation of breastfeeding. Mean knowledge and practice of respondents was on measures to keep warm 8.5 and 17. Although 60 (60%) had knowledge to wash hands before breastfeeding, and after diaper care, only 10 (10%) followed it in practice. Mean practice of successful breast feeding was 37.5, 12 (60%) applied nothing kept cord dry. Conclusion: Postnatal mothers have adequate knowledge on areas like early, exclusive breast feeding, colostrums feeding, they have not much satisfactory knowledge in areas like hand washing, danger signs etc. While comparing knowledge with practice regarding newborn care, practice looks better in many areas. _______________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: knowledge; newborn care; practice; postnatal mother