Renewable Energy Sources and Investment in European Power Transmission Networks

During the past decade, renewable energy sources have become an indispensable pillar in European electricity generation. This paper aims at examining if the increasing importance of renewables stimulates investment in European power transmission networks. The question of interest is addressed by an error correction investment model that builds on Neoclassical theory and is further augmented by recent literary findings. Under the proposed threefold estimation strategy, the share of renewables is not found to significantly influence investment spending when the full set of transmission system operators are considered. However, a slight and justified sample restriction leads to the conclusion that a rising share of renewable energy sources substantially increases investment in power transmission networks.Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Serie

Postintubation Tracheal Ruptures - A case report -

Tracheobronchial ruptures (TBR) rarely complicate surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Seemingly uneventful intubations can result in injury to the trachea, which often manifests as hemoptysis and subcutaneous emphysema. We present 2 patients with postintubation TBR who were treated surgically and discuss considerations in the management of this potentially lethal injury

Tracheal laceration during intubation of a double-lumen tube and intraoperative fiberoptic bronchoscopic evaluation through an LMA in the lateral position -A case report-

A 76-year-old, 148-cm woman was scheduled for right upper lobectomy. A 32 Fr left-sided double lumen tube was placed using a conventional technique. Despite several attempts under fiberoptic bronchoscope-guidance, we could not locate the double lumen tube properly. We thus decided to proceed with the bronchial tube in the right mainstem bronchus. During surgery, 8-cm-long laceration was noted on the posterolateral side of the trachea. To check the possibility of laceration of the proximal trachea, the double lumen tube was changed to an LMA for use as a conduit for fiberoptic bronchoscopic evaluation in the lateral position. A plain endotracheal tube with the cuff modified and collapsed was re-intubated after evaluation. And then she was transferred to SICU

Intraoperative tracheal reconstruction with bovine pericardial patch following iatrogenic rupture

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Iatrogenic injuries of the membranous trachea have become increasingly common and may trigger a cascade of immediate life-threatening complications.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A case of a 48-year-old man with an iatrogenic membranous tracheal wall rupture after double-lumen intubation during Ivor Lewis esophagogastrectomy is presented. Tracheal injury was successfully managed surgically with the use of bovine pericardial patch and reinforcement with the gastric conduit which was moved toward the posterior wall of the membranous trachea sealing the wall laceration.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our technique was proved to be safe, effective and not technically demanding. Early recognition with prompt surgery is the gold standard of managing such cases, although small tears can be managed conservatively.</p

Percutaneous versus surgical strategy for tracheostomy: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of perioperative and postoperative complications

Background: Tracheostomy is one of the most frequently performed procedures in intensive care medicine. The two main approaches to form a tracheostoma are the open surgical tracheotomy (ST) and the interventional strategy of percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy (PDT). It is particularly important to the critically ill patients that both procedures are performed with high success rates and low complication frequencies. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to summarize and analyze existing and relevant evidence for peri- and postoperative parameters of safety. Methods/design: A systematic literature search will be conducted in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, LILACS, and Embase to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing peri- and postoperative complications between the two strategies and to define the strategy with the lower risk of potentially life-threatening events. A priori defined data will be extracted from included studies, and methodological quality will be assessed according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration. Discussion: The findings of this systematic review with proportional meta-analysis will help to identify the strategy with the lowest frequency of potentially life-threatening events. This may influence daily practice, and the data may be implemented in treatment guidelines or serve as the basis for planning further randomized controlled trials. Considering the critical health of these patients, they will particularly benefit from evidence-based treatment. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD4201502196

The Question _Answer Duality in Al-Jahiz Articles

Al Jahiz essays (rasāil) have not had their fair share of study as his other books did, such as Kitab al-Bayan wa al-Tabyin (The Book of eloquence and demonstration), Kitab al-Hayawan (Book of the Animals), and Kitab al-Bukhala (Book of Misers). This has been the motive behind highlighting his essays. I have focused on the question-answer duality in the four essays: "The Envious and the Envied", "the Prides of Blacks over Whites", "Homelands and Countries", and "the Drinker and Drinks". The question form turns out to be direct sometimes, indirect other times, and frequently a combination of indirect and indirect, but the indirect question was expressed in the form of imperatives. The study found out that the direct question was framed by question word markers only, devoid of prepositions, and this is not surprising because the nature of the message dictates this. The questions asked are just yes/no type, giving the speaker ample space to express his ideas and culture. Al-Jahiz does not stop at the yes and no limits, but rather he discusses opinions and debates visions. The questioner remains absent in the essays of al-Jahiz, which leads to various different interpretations, as his essays were full of rhetorical devices such as specifications, conditionals, proverbs and citations

The fatigue behaviour of the breathing webs of steel bridge girders

The limit state of thinâ€walled steel girders subjected to many times repeated loading is to a great extent affected by the cumulative damage process occurring in the girder webs “breathing†under the repeated loads. Based on experimental results obtained by the authors at the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics in Prague, (i) various approaches to the definition of the fatigue limit state of the above girders are discussed, (ii) a number of potential design procedures suggested by other researchers validated and (iii) a set of Sâ€N curves, established by the writers so as to serve as a reliable tool for the fatigue analysis of thinâ€walled girders with “breathing†webs, presented. Plieninių tilto sijų „alsuojanÄių“ sienelių nuovargio bÅ«sena Santrauka Plonasienių plieninių sijų, apkrautų kartotinÄ—mis apkrovomis, ribinis bÅ«vis iÅ¡ dalies yra veikiamas didÄ—janÄio sijos sienelÄ—s, “alsuojanÄios†nuo kartotinų apkrovų, irimo. Remdamiesi Prahos teorinÄ—s ir taikomosios mechanikos institute savo atliktais bandymų rezultatais autoriai: 1) aptaria įvairius požiÅ«rius į minÄ—tų sijų nuovargio ribinių bÅ«vių nustatymÄ…; 2) pagrindžia kitų tyrinÄ—tojų pasiÅ«lytus projektavimo metodus; 3) pateikia savo sudarytų Sâ€N kreivių rinkinį, kuris bÅ«tų patikima priemonÄ— analizuoti plonasienių sijų su “alsuojanÄiomis†sienelÄ—mis nuovargiui. ReikÅ¡miniai žodžiai: kartotinÄ—s apkrovos, sienelių “alsavimasâ€, nuovargio plyÅ¡iai, irimo mechanizmas, nuovargio ribinis bÅ«vis,  S-N kreivÄ—s. First Published Online: 14 Oct 201