Injuries and Diseases of the Population of the Upper Sura and Moksha Rivers in the 17th–18th CC

The article characterizes the anthropological materials with traces of pathological changes. All material has been discovered in the territory of the Upper Sura and Moksha rivers, and dated the 17th-18th centuries. Two osteological collections from older cemeteries were studied. The first collection was found in the territory of Penza city, and the second collection was found discovered in Narovchat town. Traces of post-traumatic changes are often identified on the bones. They are localized on the cranial vault, in the orbit region, etc. Traces of fractures on the clavicles are often revealed. Traces of oncology disease are relatively rare. There are nu­merous bones with traces of syphilis pathological changes in the materials from the territory of Penza. These traces are discovered on the skulls and bones of the postcranial skeleton (mostly the tibia). The materials from Narovchat feature two skulls with tooth incision pathologies. In one case, there were signs of anomalies in the development of pelvic bones as a result of rhizomelic spondylitis

Skeleton with traces of multiple pathological changes from the burial of the end 17th – begining 18th centuries on the Penza territory

Background. The nature of the pathological changes observed on the bones of people who lived several centuries ago makes it possible to establish how this or that disease proceeds in conditions of minimal medical care. Moreover, the picture of the manifestation of the pathological process is indispensable for everyday medical practice. Materials and methods. The studied materials are represented by an incomplete human skeleton found in a burial in the historical center of the city of Penza, on the territory of the park named after M.Yu. Lermontov. The burial dates the finish 17th ‒ initial period 18th centuries. The skeleton belonged to the man 20‒30 years. Traces of multiple pathological changes are located on the skeleton. Bones with traces of pathological changes were examined with x-ray and with computed tomography scanner. Results. During the research, it was found that the individual was characterized by medium body height. Individual experienced significant physical exertion during his lifetime. The pronounced impression of vascular sulcus and fosses of pachyon granulations was noted on the inner surface of the parietal bone. The most pronounced pathology of the postcranial skeleton was observed on the right tibia. The distal two-thirds of the diaphysis have signs of pathological growth of the cortical layer with exposure of fistulous tracts. Periostitis was also signs on the diaphysis of the left ulna. The fusiform thickening was observed in the upper third of the left tibia. Perhaps there was limited mobility of the knee articulation. The sings of a healed trauma are visible on the back of the left foot in the area of the articulatio cuneonavicularis. Conclusion. Signs of a chronic inflammatory process were observed on the left ulna and right tibia. The etiology of pathology on the place of the right shin is not exclusively understandable. The most probable diagnosis is chronic osteomyelitis. Possibly, the pathology of the right shin led to difficulties in walking. The individual should to rely on a walking stick or crutches. The outcome of the trauma to the left foot was apparently fortunate. The trauma had little effect on the functionality of the foot

Anthropological materials from burial № 4 of the Kulikovo mound

Background. The study of anthropological materials of people of distant historical epochs is an important source of information about the lifestyle, culture and state of medicine in antiquity. The study of anthropological materials of people of distant historical epochs is an important source of information about the lifestyle, culture and state of medicine in antiquity. The purpose of the work is to reconstruct the morphological characteristics of the individual of the Bronze Age and the character his the physical stress in the process of life. Materials and methods. The work introduces the results of the complex study of anthropological materials from burial № 4 of burial mound I of the Kulikovo group of burial mounds (Republic of Mordovia, the territory of the urban district of Saransk). Materials are consist of the skull, right pelvic bone, and right and left femurs. All bones show marked post-mortem destruction. The facial skeleton of the skull is destroyed. The study of anthropological materials was carried out visually and metrically. The measurements were carried out in accordance with the generally accepted method of R. Martin. Results. During the study, anthropological materials were carefully examined and measured. The proportions of the skull and the length of the individual’s body were determined. Traces of pathological changes and the indicators of mechanical stress were traced on many bones. A bilateral pathology “cribra orbitalia” was found on the skull. The occipital bone showed the trace of manifestatio proatlantis. Signs of gonarthrosis and traces of inflammatory processes are found on the femur bones. Conclusion. The examined skeleton, could belong to a woman of 35-45 years old. The length of the individual’s body was approximately 160.5 cm. Traces of multiple pathological changes and indicators of mechanical stress were traced on the skull and bones of the postcranial skeleton. Many of them are the result of intense physical activity of the individual

Antisemitism and the Russian Revolution

Book synopsis: When the Bolsheviks came to power in 1917, they announced the overthrow of a world scarred by exploitation and domination. In the very moment of revolution, these sentiments were put to the test as antisemitic pogroms swept the former Pale of Settlement. The pogroms posed fundamental questions of the Bolshevik project, revealing the depth of antisemitism within sections of the working class, peasantry and Red Army. Antisemitism and the Russian Revolution offers the first book-length analysis of the Bolshevik response to antisemitism. Contrary to existing understandings, it reveals this campaign to have been led not by the Party leadership, as is often assumed, but by a loosely connected group of radicals who mobilized around a Jewish political subjectivity. By examining pogroms committed by the Red Army, Brendan McGeever also uncovers the explosive overlap between revolutionary politics and antisemitism, and the capacity for class to become racialized in a moment of crisis