2,533 research outputs found

    Destination-Language Proficiency in Cross-National Perspective: A Study of Immigrant Groups in Nine Western Countries

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    Immigrants’ destination-language proficiency has been typically studied from a microperspective in a single country. In this article, the authors examine the role of macrofactors in a cross-national perspective. They argue that three groups of macrolevel factors are important: the country immigrants settle in (“destination” effect), the sending nation (“origin” effect), and the combination between origin and destination (“setting” or “community” effect). The authors propose a design that simultaneously observes multiple origin groups in multiple destinations. They present substantive hypotheses about language proficiency and use them to develop a series of macrolevel indicators. The authors collected and standardized 19 existing immigrant surveys for nine Western countries. Using multilevel techniques, their analyses show that origins, destinations, and settings play a significant role in immigrants’ language proficiency.

    The influence of men’s income and employment on marriage and cohabitation: testing Oppenheimer’s theory in Europe

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    "This article discusses Oppenheimer’s theory on marriage timing, reviews the way this theory was received in European demography and family sociology, and develops a new test of the theory using annual panel data from 13 European countries for the period 1994–2001. Several indicators of men’s economic status are used, including school enrollment, employment, type of labor contract, work experience, income, and education. Effects of these indicators are estimated for the transition to marriage and cohabitation, as well as for the transition from cohabitation to marriage. Country differences in these effects are examined as well. The evidence provides strong support for the male breadwinner hypothesis on the one hand, and for Oppenheimer’s career uncertainty hypothesis on the other. However, the relevance of these hypotheses also depends on the national context, and especially on the way gender roles are divided in a society." [author's abstract]Dans cet article relatif Ă  la thĂ©orie d’Oppenheimer sur le calendrier du mariage, nous examinons la maniĂšre dont cette thĂ©orie a Ă©tĂ© perçue par la dĂ©mographie europĂ©enne et la sociologie de la famille et nous testons Ă  nouveau cette thĂ©orie Ă  l’aide de donnĂ©es de panel annuel collectĂ©es dans 13 pays europĂ©ens au cours de la pĂ©riode 1994–2001. DiffĂ©rents indicateurs du statut Ă©conomique de l’homme sont utilisĂ©s, tels que la scolarisation, l’emploi, le type de contrat de travail, l’expĂ©rience professionnelle, le revenu et le niveau d’instruction. Les effets de ces indicateurs sont estimĂ©s pour l’entrĂ©e dans le mariage ou la cohabitation, ainsi que pour le passage de la cohabitation au mariage. Les diffĂ©rences entre pays des effets de ces indicateurs sont Ă©galement examinĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats appuient fortement l’hypothĂšse de l’homme en tant que soutien Ă©conomique de la famille d’une part, et d’autre part l’hypothĂšse d’instabilitĂ© professionnelle d’Oppenheimer. Cependant, la pertinence de ces hypothĂšses dĂ©pend Ă©galement du contexte national, et plus spĂ©cialement de la rĂ©partition des rĂŽles selon le genre dans la sociĂ©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e

    Risk factors for cognetive decline

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    Life-cycle Jobs

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