2,533 research outputs found
Destination-Language Proficiency in Cross-National Perspective: A Study of Immigrant Groups in Nine Western Countries
Immigrantsâ destination-language proficiency has been typically studied from a microperspective in a single country. In this article, the authors examine the role of macrofactors in a cross-national perspective. They argue that three groups of macrolevel factors are important: the country immigrants settle in (âdestinationâ effect), the sending nation (âoriginâ effect), and the combination between origin
and destination (âsettingâ or âcommunityâ effect). The authors propose a design that simultaneously observes multiple origin groups in multiple destinations. They present substantive hypotheses about language proficiency and use them to develop a series of macrolevel indicators. The authors collected and standardized 19 existing immigrant surveys for nine Western countries. Using multilevel techniques, their analyses show that origins, destinations, and settings play a significant role in immigrantsâ language proficiency.
The influence of menâs income and employment on marriage and cohabitation: testing Oppenheimerâs theory in Europe
"This article discusses Oppenheimerâs theory on marriage timing, reviews the way this theory was received in European demography and family sociology, and develops a new test of the theory using annual panel data from 13 European countries for the period 1994â2001. Several indicators of menâs economic status are used, including school enrollment, employment, type of labor contract, work experience, income, and education. Effects of these indicators are estimated for the transition to marriage and cohabitation, as well as for the transition from cohabitation to marriage. Country differences in these effects are examined as well. The evidence provides strong support for the male breadwinner hypothesis on the one hand, and for Oppenheimerâs career uncertainty hypothesis on the other. However, the relevance of these hypotheses also depends on the national context, and especially on the way gender roles are divided in a society." [author's abstract]Dans cet article relatif Ă la thĂ©orie dâOppenheimer sur le calendrier du mariage, nous examinons la maniĂšre dont cette thĂ©orie a Ă©tĂ© perçue par la dĂ©mographie europĂ©enne et la sociologie de la famille et nous testons Ă nouveau cette thĂ©orie Ă lâaide de donnĂ©es de panel annuel collectĂ©es dans 13 pays europĂ©ens au cours de la pĂ©riode 1994â2001. DiffĂ©rents indicateurs du statut Ă©conomique de lâhomme sont utilisĂ©s, tels que la scolarisation, lâemploi, le type de contrat de travail, lâexpĂ©rience professionnelle, le revenu et le niveau dâinstruction. Les effets de ces indicateurs sont estimĂ©s pour lâentrĂ©e dans le mariage ou la cohabitation, ainsi que pour le passage de la cohabitation au mariage. Les diffĂ©rences entre pays des effets de ces indicateurs sont Ă©galement examinĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats appuient fortement lâhypothĂšse de lâhomme en tant que soutien Ă©conomique de la famille dâune part, et dâautre part lâhypothĂšse dâinstabilitĂ© professionnelle dâOppenheimer. Cependant, la pertinence de ces hypothĂšses dĂ©pend Ă©galement du contexte national, et plus spĂ©cialement de la rĂ©partition des rĂŽles selon le genre dans la sociĂ©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e
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