Komposisi Kimia Dan Ketahanan 12 Jenis Rotan Dari Papua Terhadap Bubuk Kayu Kering Dan Rayap Tanah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia dan ketahanan 12 jenis rotan terhadap kumbang bubuk rotan kering (Dinoderus minutus Fabr) dan rayap tanah (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren). Kandungan selulosa dianalisa berdasarkan metode Norman & Jenkins, lignin berdasarkan SNI 14-0492-1989 dan SII-70-1979. Ketahanan bubuk kayu kering dengan menggunakan contoh uji berukuran panjang 2,5 cm dan diameter diatas 12 mm. Ketahanan terhadap rayap tanah dengan menggunakan contoh uji berukuran panjang 2,5 cm dan diameter diatas 12 mm. Untuk pengujian rayap tanah mengacu pada SNI 01-7207-2006. Parameter yang diamati untuk komposisi kimia adalah selulosa, lignin dan pati. Sedangkan untuk ketahanan terhadap kumbang bubuk dan rayap tanah adalah persentase penurunan berat rotan dan persentase jumlah kumbang bubuk dan rayap yang hidup. Disamping itu dilakukan pula pengamatan secara subyektif terhadap derajat serangan kumbang bubuk dan rayap tanah terhadap rotan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar selulosa tertinggi pada jenis rotan somi 1 (Calamus pachypus WJ Bake al.) 52,82% dan terendah rotan longipina (Calamus longipina Becc) 42,29%. Lignin tertinggi pada rotan endow (Calamus zebrianus Becc) 33,37% dan terendah rotan itiko (Calamus vitiensis Warburg) 21,00%. Untuk ketahan terhadap kumbang bubuk termasuk kelas I ( 2 jenis), kelas II (3 jenis), kelas III ( 4 jenis), kelas IV ( 1 jenis) dan kelas V ( 2 jenis). Untuk ketahanan terhadap rayap tanah kelas I (3 jenis), kelas II ( 5 jenis), kelas III ( 2 jenis), kelas IV (1 jenis) dan kelas V (1 jenis). Dalam penggunaan rotan kelas ketahanan III, IV dan V diperlukan proses pengawetan untuk memperpanjang umur pakai

Where Are All the Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis in Patients with Crohn's Disease?

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the intestines, Johne's disease, in dairy cows and every other species of mammal in which it has been identified. MAP has been identified in the mucosal layer and deeper bowel wall in patients with Crohn's disease by methods other than light microscopy, and by direct visualization in small numbers by light microscopy. MAP has not been accepted as the cause of Crohn's disease in part because it has not been seen under the microscope in large numbers in the intestines of patients with Crohn's disease. An analysis of the literature on the pathology of Crohn's disease and on possible MAP infection in Crohn's patients suggests that MAP might directly infect endothelial cells and adipocytes and cause them to proliferate, causing focal obstruction within already existing vessels (including granuloma formation), the development of new vessels (neoangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis), and the “creeping fat” of the mesentery that is unique in human pathology to Crohn's disease but also occurs in bovine Johne's disease. Large numbers of MAP might therefore be found in the mesentery attached to segments of intestine affected by Crohn's disease rather than in the bowel wall, the blood and lymphatic vessels running through the mesentery, or the mesenteric fat itself. The walls of fistulas might result from the neoangiogenesis or lymphangiogenesis that occurs in the bowel wall in Crohn's disease and therefore are also possible sites of large numbers of MAP. The direct visualization of large numbers of MAP organisms in the tissues of patients with Crohn's disease will help establish that MAP causes Crohn's disease

Suomalais-venäläisiä kosketuksia

Kielenaineksethutikka (kieli: suomi, sivulla: 130)karhu (kieli: suomi, sivulla: 131)kouko, -i (kieli: suomi, sivulla: 130)kuume(h) (kieli: suomi, sivulla: 130)lempo, lempo (kieli: suomi, sivulla: 130)piana : olla p-ssa (kieli: suomi, sivulla: 130)pieni = olla piänessä (kieli: suomi, sivulla: 130)verkanen (kieli: suomi, sivulla: 130

Aetiology of encephalitis and meningitis in children aged 1-59 months admitted to the Children's Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia

Background: Meningitis and encephalitis are important causes of admissions and mortality in Zambia. Apart from bacterial causes, no data is available on viral agents that cause disease at the Children's Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. We conducted a prospective descriptive study to determine the viral and bacterial causes of encephalitis and meningitis in children aged 1-59 months.Methods: From November 2016 to February 2018, we collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and clinical details from children admitted to the inpatient wards with encephalitis and meningitis. Macroscopic examination, microscopy, bacterialculture and real-time (Multiplex) PCR were performed on the CSF samples.Results: A total of 106 patients were enrolled. The median age was 10 months and 81 (76.4%) had meningitis while 25 (23.6%) had encephalitis. One (0.9%) participant had Haemophilus influenzae detected by both culture and PCR. Two (1.9%) had Neisseria meningitidis while 5 (4.7%) had Streptococcus pneumoniae detected only by PCR. Viruses were detected in 26.4% (28/106) and 64% had meningitis. The viral agents detected were: EBV (10%); Parvovirus B19, Human herpes virus type 6, Human herpes virus type 7 and CMV at 2.8% each. A raised CSF WBC was associated with the case definition (P=0.01) of meningitis. Patients with meningitis were more likely to be alive at discharge than those with encephalitis (OR = 3.6, CI = 1.96 – 6.68, P-value <0.001).Conclusions: Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are the commonest causes of both encephalitis and meningitis at the Children's Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia