Experimental determination of the heat exchange coefficient of industrial steam pipelines

The article discusses and analyses the factors related to the use of a thermal imaging camera to determine heat loss in industrial steam pipelines at factories from chemical and metallurgical industry, by measuring their surface temperature. The generally accepted enthalpy method for determination of the loss has serious drawback it gives accurate results, but in averaged units in which it is impossible to take account of the contribution of the different parts and components of the pipeline in the total heat loss. The unavailability of information on where, how and in what way along the route this loss is formed does not allow prompt and specific measures to be taken for its reduction. An attempt has been made to structure empirically a reliable analytic dependence for determination of the heat exchange coefficient, bringing together the various factors influencing the heat exchange. By the method of the least squares the free coefficient and the exponent have been determined of criterion equation satisfying initial and boundary conditions of the experiment. Based on the obtained results for determining the heat losses by measuring the surface temperature of steam pipelines with a thermal imaging system, a reliable and acceptable method is proposed, which has a place in engineering practice. For this purpose, an industrial experiment has been carried out at three actually operating steam pipelines of different diameters and steam parameters. A criterion equation has been derived that can be used as a mathematical model for software products with a practical orientation for regular assessment of heat losses of steam pipelines. Values of heat losses determined through energy balance of heat carrier and heat flux from the outer surface of the steam pipelines have been compared. Results for the heat exchange coefficient, obtained through a balance have been compared with the analytically determined values based on current standards. A new method has been developed for express evaluations of the current heat losses of the steam pipeline in real time, as the sum of the losses through its individual components gives as average values 9÷12 % increased results for the losses compared to the enthalpy method. Its great advantage is that it can be used selectively to determine the losses through individual sections of the steam pipeline

Dataset for "Customer Feedback Text Analysis for Online Stores Reviews in Bulgarian"

The dataset Customer_feedback_bg consists of customer reviews for online stores in Bulgarian. The data are retrieved from otzivi.bg and pazaruvaj.com, and represent user reviews in Bulgarian language about 87 online stores. 906 customer reviews were collected in free text and manually associated with the following categories: compliments, complaints, mixed, suggestions.Наборът от данни Customer_feedback_bg се състои от потребителски отзиви за онлайн магазини на български език. Данните са получени от otzivi.bg и pazaruvaj.com и представляват потребителски отзиви на български език за 87 онлайн магазина. Събрани са 906 потребителски отзива в свободен текст, които са ръчно асоциирани със следните категории: похвали, оплаквания, смесени, препоръки

Toward Participatory and Transparent Governance : Report on the Sixth Global Forum on Reinventing Government

The Global Forum on Reinventing Government has made government reform and new forms of comparative public administration and politics global issues. Since the forum was initiated in the United States in 1999, it has been held in locations around the world with broad representation. Yet the proceedings of these forums have not been fully reported to the international public administration community. This paper reports on the ideas on reinventing governance that emerged from the Sixth Global Forum. Many of the participants in the forum came from developing countries, so the paper also provides ideas and points of view on governance that are beyond the mainstream literature in this area

Scientific and Practical Conference "Challenges in the Education of Masters of Pharmacy"

Th conference is organised with the fiancial support of European Social Fund within the Project BG051PO001-3.1.07-0046 `Updating and approbation of the curricula of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna according to the needs of the pharmaceutical business and the requirements of the labor market