Analisis Efisiensi Penggunaan Input Produksi pada USAhatani Padi Sawah di Desa Posona Kecamatan Kasimbar Kabupaten Parigi Moutong

This research aims to determine the efficiency of use of inputs of land, seed, fertilizer, labor, and pesticides on the farm production of paddy in Posona village, Kasimbar District, Parigi Moutong Regency. This research was conducted in December 2015.The data used in this study derived from primary and secondary data. The number of respondents used as many as 34 farmers were selected using simple random sampling technique.The analysis used is the Cobb Douglas production function analysis.The results showed that simultaneous independent variable (Xi) has significant effect on the dependent variable (Y) except the variable oflabor (X4), and pesticides (X5). Aspartial, land area (X1), seeds (X2), and fertilizers (X3), significantly affect the production of paddy in the Village Posona, Kasimbar District Parigi Moutong Regency, with the value of sig 0.000 <0.05 in α 5%. Analysis of efficiency showsed that the total value (k) of the variable land area (X1), seeds (X2), fertilizers (X3) labor (X4) and pesticides (X5), was greater than 1, it mean that all production inputs used in farming rice paddy in the village of Posona,in terms of the price of each input is expressed not efficient production except labor variable (X4) and Pesticides (X3) having a value of 0:01 and 0 which is smaller than 1 so inefficient

Dynamic modeling of mean-reverting spreads for statistical arbitrage

Statistical arbitrage strategies, such as pairs trading and its generalizations, rely on the construction of mean-reverting spreads enjoying a certain degree of predictability. Gaussian linear state-space processes have recently been proposed as a model for such spreads under the assumption that the observed process is a noisy realization of some hidden states. Real-time estimation of the unobserved spread process can reveal temporary market inefficiencies which can then be exploited to generate excess returns. Building on previous work, we embrace the state-space framework for modeling spread processes and extend this methodology along three different directions. First, we introduce time-dependency in the model parameters, which allows for quick adaptation to changes in the data generating process. Second, we provide an on-line estimation algorithm that can be constantly run in real-time. Being computationally fast, the algorithm is particularly suitable for building aggressive trading strategies based on high-frequency data and may be used as a monitoring device for mean-reversion. Finally, our framework naturally provides informative uncertainty measures of all the estimated parameters. Experimental results based on Monte Carlo simulations and historical equity data are discussed, including a co-integration relationship involving two exchange-traded funds.Comment: 34 pages, 6 figures. Submitte

Behavioral and Dopamine Transporter Binding Properties of the Modafinil Analog (S, S)-CE-158: Reversal of the Motivational Effects of Tetrabenazine and Enhancement of Progressive Ratio Responding

Rationale: Atypical dopamine (DA) transport blockers such as modafinil and its analogs may be useful for treating motivational symptoms of depression and other disorders. Previous research has shown that the DA depleting agent tetrabenazine can reliably induce motivational deficits in rats, as evidenced by a shift towards a low-effort bias in effort-based choice tasks. This is consistent with human studies showing that people with major depression show a bias towards low-effort activities. Objectives: Recent studies demonstrated that the atypical DA transport (DAT) inhibitor (S)-CE-123 reversed tetrabenazine-induced motivational deficits, increased progressive ratio (PROG) lever pressing, and increased extracellular DA in the nucleus accumbens. In the present studies, a recently synthesized modafinil analog, (S, S)-CE-158, was assessed in a series of neurochemical and behavioral studies in rats. Results: (S, S)-CE-158 demonstrated the ability to reverse the effort-related effects of tetrabenazine and increase selection of high-effort PROG lever pressing in rats tested on PROG/chow feeding choice task. (S, S)-CE-158 showed a high selectivity for inhibiting DAT compared with other monoamine transporters, and systemic administration of (S, S)-CE-158 increased extracellular DA in the nucleus accumbens during the behaviorally active time course, which is consistent with the effects of (S)-CE-123 and other DAT inhibitors that enhance high-effort responding. Conclusions: These studies provide an initial neurochemical characterization of a novel atypical DAT inhibitor, and demonstrate that this compound is active in models of effort-related choice. This research could contribute to the development of novel compounds for the treatment of motivational dysfunctions in humans. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.The authors would like to acknowledge Eurofins DiscoverX Corporation (Fremont, CA)

Risk sharing arrangements for pharmaceuticals: potential considerations and recommendations for European payers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There has been an increase in 'risk sharing' schemes for pharmaceuticals between healthcare institutions and pharmaceutical companies in Europe in recent years as an additional approach to provide continued comprehensive and equitable healthcare. There is though confusion surrounding the terminology as well as concerns with existing schemes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Aliterature review was undertaken to identify existing schemes supplemented with additional internal documents or web-based references known to the authors. This was combined with the extensive knowledge of health authority personnel from 14 different countries and locations involved with these schemes.</p> <p>Results and discussion</p> <p>A large number of 'risk sharing' schemes with pharmaceuticals are in existence incorporating both financial-based models and performance-based/outcomes-based models. In view of this, a new logical definition is proposed. This is "<it>risk sharing' schemes should be considered as agreements concluded by payers and pharmaceutical companies to diminish the impact on payers' budgets for new and existing schemes brought about by uncertainty and/or the need to work within finite budgets</it>". There are a number of concerns with existing schemes. These include potentially high administration costs, lack of transparency, conflicts of interest, and whether health authorities will end up funding an appreciable proportion of a new drug's development costs. In addition, there is a paucity of published evaluations of existing schemes with pharmaceuticals.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We believe there are only a limited number of situations where 'risk sharing' schemes should be considered as well as factors that should be considered by payers in advance of implementation. This includes their objective, appropriateness, the availability of competent staff to fully evaluate proposed schemes as well as access to IT support. This also includes whether systematic evaluations have been built into proposed schemes.</p

On the extension of a plastic-damage model to high temperature and fire

Concrete modelling at high temperature is not an easy task due to its highly nonlinear behaviour. When simple members are at issue, numerical modelling can take advantage of uniaxial constitutive laws. On the contrary, when walls and tunnel linings have to be studied, finite elements must be used, thus requiring the multiaxial constitutive behaviour to be properly defined. The aim of this paper is to show the calibration of the main parameters of a plastic-damage model via inverse analysis, on the basis of experimental data available in the literature, regarding tests under multiaxial state of stress in both hot and residual conditions. The results indicate that there is a strong dependence on temperature of the ratio between biaxial and uniaxial compressive strength in hot conditions, while it is definitely less evident in residual conditions. As regards the variation of the shape of the failure surface with temperature, it appears to be of secondary importance

Numerical investigation of the structural response of eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete columns exposed to non-uniform heating and cooling

This paper explores the applicability of advanced numerical models to the complex structural behaviour observed when symmetrically reinforced and eccentrically loaded concrete columns are subjected to non-uniform heating regimes. To this end, attention is focused on a recently completed experimental campaign specifically aimed at providing a novel data set on the performance of reinforced concrete members subjected to several combinations of loading, heating, and cooling conditions. The structural behaviour of the columns was studied using 3D finite element models developed using commercial software by means of sequentially-coupled thermomechanical analyses. A user subroutine was developed to model the mechanical properties as irrecoverable in the cooling phase. The results obtained show that, on the whole, the structural behaviour can be adequately represented by the numerical model. Moreover, the roles of thermal and transient deformations are correctly captured, as well as the possibility of failure in the cooling phase

Investigation of the performance of a novel ductile connection within bare-steel and composite frames in fire

In order to improve the performance of connections and enhance the robustness of structures in fire, a novel, axially ductile connection has been proposed. The component-based models of bare-steel ductile connection and composite ductile connection have been proposed, and incorporated into the software Vulcan to facilitate global frame analysis. These component-based models are validated against detailed Abaqus FE models. A series of 2-D bare-steel frame models and composite frame models with ductile connections, rigid connections, and pinned connections, have been created using Vulcan to compare the fire performance of ductile connection with other connection types in bare-steel and composite structures