Detection of nonmagnetic metal thin film using magnetic force microscopy

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) allows detection of stray magnetic fields around magnetic materials and the two-dimensional visualization of these fields. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the oscillations of an MFM tip above a thin film of nonmagnetic metal. The results show good agreement with experimental data obtained by varying the tip height. The phenomenon analyzed here can be applied as a "metal detector" at the nanometer scale and for contactless measurement of sheet resistivity. The detection sensitivity is obtained as a function of oscillation frequency, thus allowing determination of the best frequency for phase-shift measurement. The shift in resonance frequency due to the presence of a nonmagnetic metal is also discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Copper-mediated Regioselective CH Cyanation of Phenols with Assistance of Bipyridine-type Bidentate Auxiliary

A Cu-mediated ortho-selective CH cyanation of phenols with ethyl cyanoformate as the cyano source has been developed. The key to success is the introduction of 4,4¤-di-tert-butyl-2,2¤-bipyridine (dtbpy) bidentate auxiliary on the phenol oxygen, which is easily attachable, detachable, and recyclable. The newly developed protocol is tolerant of several carbonyl functional groups, which are incompatible with previous Lewis-acid-promoted cyanation of phenols

Bipyridine-Type Bidentate Auxiliary-Enabled Copper-Mediated »C-H/C-H Biaryl Coupling of Phenols and 1,3-Azoles

A copper-mediated dehydrogenative C-H/C-H biaryl coupling of phenols and 1,3-azoles has been developed. The key to its success is the introduction of a bipyridine-type bidentate auxiliary, 4,4′-di(tert-butyl)-2,2′-bipyridine, on the phenol oxygen, which is readily prepared and easily attachable, detachable, and recyclable. The reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of copper salt alone to form the corresponding phenol-azole heterobiaryls, which are prevalent motifs in functional molecules such as excited-state intramolecular proton transfer materials.Kajiwara R., Xu S., Hirano K., et al. Bipyridine-Type Bidentate Auxiliary-Enabled Copper-Mediated »C-H/C-H Biaryl Coupling of Phenols and 1,3-Azoles. Organic Letters. 23(14), 5405-5409, (2021), 16 July 2021; © 2021 American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01735

Copper-Mediated Regioselective C-H Sulfenylation and Selenation of Phenols with Phenanthroline Bidentate Auxiliary

A copper-mediated, phenanthroline-directed highly ortho-selective C-H sulfenylation of phenols with diaryl disulfides proceeds to form the corresponding unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides in good yield. The key to success is the introduction of a phenanthroline directing group of the bidentate-chelating nature, which is easily attachable, detachable, and even recyclable. Moreover, the same strategy is applicable to the C-H selenation, giving the diaryl selenides with high efficiency and regioselectivity.Kajiwara R., Takamatsu K., Hirano K., et al. Copper-Mediated Regioselective C-H Sulfenylation and Selenation of Phenols with Phenanthroline Bidentate Auxiliary. Organic Letters. 22(15), 5915-5919, (2020), 7 August 2020; © 2020 American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02012

Study of hadron interactions in a lead-emulsion target

Topological and kinematical characteristics of hadron interactions have been studied using a lead-emulsion target exposed to 2, 4 and 10 GeV/c hadron beams. A total length of 60 m $\pi^-$ tracks was followed using a high speed automated emulsion scanning system. A total of 318 hadron interaction vertices and their secondary charged particle tracks were reconstructed. Measurement results of interaction lengths, charged particle multiplicity, emission angles and momenta of secondary charged particles are compared with a Monte Carlo simulation and appear to be consistent. Nuclear fragments emitted from interaction vertices were also detected by a newly developed emulsion scanning system with wide-angle acceptance. Their emission angle distributions are in good agreement with the simulated distributions. Probabilities of an event being associated with at least one fragment track are found to be greater than 50% for beam momentum $P > 4$ GeV/c and are well reproduced by the simulation. These experimental results validate estimation of the background due to hadron interactions in the sample of $\tau$ decay candidates in the OPERA $\nu_{\mu} \to \nu_{\tau}$ oscillation experiment.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure

ニンチショウ コウレイシャ オ カイゴ スル カゾク ノ カイゴ ケイゾク イコウ ノ ヨウイン ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

本研究では、介護満足感やその他関連すると思われる要因と在宅で介護する家族の介護継続意向の関連を調査し、その結果を考慮した支援内容を検討することを目的とした。対象は、A県内で認知症高齢者を介護する家族介護者で、通所介護、通所リハビリテーションおよび重度認知症デイケアを利用し協力の得られた320人である。介護継続意向と関連のあると思われる要因を検討した。その結果、家族介護者の介護継続意向に有意な関連があった要因は、介護満足感、認知症高齢者との関係性、行動・心理症状の有無、家族外支援者の有無であった。在宅での家族介護者の介護継続を支援するためには、介護負担度を軽減する働きかけだけでなく、介護満足感を高める支援方法を実施することで介護継続意向を高める可能性が考えられる。また、在宅での介護支援を進めるためには、家族介護者のおかれている在宅介護時期を考慮する必要性も示唆された。(著者抄録)This study aims to discuss support services, based on the result of examining the relationships between care-giving satisfaction and related factors, and care continuity intention of family caregivers. The study was performed with 320 family caregivers of the elderly with dementia who utilized daycare or rehabilitation services for the elderly with severe dementia in A Prefecture, Japan. As a result, the factors significantly related to care continuity intention of family caregivers are care-giving satisfaction, relationships with the elderly, and presence of behavioral disorder and supporters outside the family. The result suggested that the care continuity of the family could be enhanced not only by the reduction of the caregivers\u27 burden but also by the promotion of caregivers\u27 satisfaction. In addition there is a need to take account of home care periods for family caregivers, in order to promote at-home care support.原著論文 = Original articl

Prognostic Impact of Number of Resected and Involved Lymph Nodes at Complete Resection on Survival in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

BackgroundLymph node (LN) status is a major determinant of stage and survival in patients with lung cancer. In the 7th edition of the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors, the number of involved LNs is included in the definition of pN factors in breast, stomach, esophageal, and colorectal cancer, and the pN status significantly correlates with prognosis.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the prognostic impact of the number of resected LNs (RLNs) and involved LNs in the context of other established clinical prognostic factors, in a series of 928 consecutive patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent complete resection at our institution between 2000 and 2007.ResultsThe mean number of RLNs was 15. There was a significant difference in the total number of RLNs categorized between less than 10 and ≥10 (p = 0.0129). Although the incidence of LN involvement was statistically associated with poor prognosis, the largest statistically significant increase in overall survival was observed between 0 to 3 and ≥4 involved LNs (hazard ratio = 7.680; 95% confidence interval = 5.051–11.655, p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, we used the ratio between the number of involved LNs and RLNs. The number of RLNs was found to be a strong independent prognostic factor for NSCLC (hazard ratio = 6.803; 95% confidence interval = 4.137–11.186, p < 0.0001).ConclusionComplete resection including 10 or more LNs influenced survival at complete NSCLC resection. Four involved LNs seemed to be a benchmark for NSCLC prognosis. The number of involved LNs is a strong independent prognostic factor in NSCLC, and the results of this study may provide new information for determining the N category in the next tumor, node, metastasis classification

Recurring radiation-induced angiosarcoma of the breast that was treated with paclitaxel chemotherapy: a case report

Background Angiosarcoma of the breast is very rare and can be divided into primary and secondary angiosarcoma. Radiation-induced angiosarcoma (RIAS) is classified as secondary angiosarcoma. Diagnosis of RIAS is difficult due to its rarity, and the interpretation of pathological imaging is complicated. In the National Comprehensive Care Network (NCCN) guidelines, the first choice of treatment is surgery with negative margins. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for close soft tissue margins should be considered. Preoperative or adjuvant chemotherapy of nonmetastatic disease is not recommended for angiosarcoma. We report a case of RIAS, which was impossible to diagnose with core needle biopsy (CNB) but was diagnosed by excisional biopsy. The patient was then administered adjuvant chemotherapy using conjugated paclitaxel (PTX). Case presentation A 62-year-old woman noticed a tumor in her right breast. She had a history of right breast cancer and had undergone breast-conserving surgery, RT, and tamoxifen therapy 8 years previously. CNB, which was performed twice, was inconclusive. The tumor was surgically excised and pathological analysis yielded a diagnosis of angiosarcoma. She then underwent a right mastectomy. One month after she underwent right mastectomy, a nodule reappeared on the skin of her right breast, and excisional biopsy revealed recurrence of angiosarcoma. A few weeks later another nodule reappeared near the post-operative scar and excisional biopsy revealed recurrence of angiosarcoma. We assumed that surgical therapy was insufficient because the patient experienced relapse of angiosarcoma after complete mastectomy. After the second recurrence, we treated her with systemic chemotherapy using PTX. There was no evidence of recurrence 8 months after chemotherapy. Conclusion Although angiosarcoma is difficult to diagnose, many patients have a poor prognosis. Therefore, prompt treatment intervention is desired. Moreover, there is little evidence regarding adjuvant therapy of angiosarcoma since it is a rare disease. We consider that adjuvant therapy helped to effectively prevent recurrence in the patient after complete excision

Autoimmune Pancreatitis Exhibiting Multiple Mass Lesions

Our case is a first report of autoimmune pancreatitis with multiple masses within the pancreas which was pathologically diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration and treated by steroid. The masses disappeared by steroid therapy. Our case is informative to know that autoimmune pancreatitis sometimes exhibits multiple masses within the pancreas and to diagnose it without unnecessary surgery