Volume 05

Introduction from Dean Dr. Charles Ross The Tallis House as an Extension of Emily Tallis in McEwan\u27s Atonement by Ian Karamarkovich Graphic Design by Jessica Cox Graphic Design by Kyle Fowlkes Graphic Design by Allison Pawlowski Incorporating Original Research in The Classroom: A Case Study Analyzing the Influence of the Chesapeake Bay on Local Temperatures by Kaitlin Major, Carrie Dunham and Dr. Kelsey Scheitlin Graphic Design by Kathryn Grayson Graphic Design by Ashley Johnson Facing the Music: Environmental Impact Assessment of Building A Concert Hall on North Campus by Jennifer Nehrt, Kelsey Stolzenbach And Dr. Kelsey Scheitlin Art by Kristin McQuarrie Art by Sara Nelson Art by Melisa Michelle Prosocial Behavior as a Result of Prosocial Music by Jessica Sudlow Graphic Design by Perry Bason Graphic Design by Danielle Dmuchawski Graphic Design by Mariah Asbell Graphic Design by Matthew Sakach Identifying Pathogenic Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Prince Edward County, VA Waterways via Mutiplex PCR Analysis by Timothy Smith, Jr. Art by Annaliese Troxell Art by T. Dane Summerell Development of Salicylidene Anilines for Application in the High School Laboratory by Sarah Ganrude Graphic Design by Malina Rutherford Graphic Design by Hannah Hopper, and Matthew Sakach Because That\u27s What Daddies Do: Effects of Fathering Patterns on Son\u27s Self and Gender Identities by John Berry, Jr. Graphic Design by James Early Graphic Design by Colleen Festa The Influence of Tropical Cyclones on Chesapeake Bay Dead Zones by Chelsea D. Taylor and Dr. Kelsey Scheitlin Graphic Design by Michelle Maddox Graphic Design by Kaitlyn Smith Graphic Design by Sarah Schu Graphic Design by Perry Bason, Cabell Edmunds, Katherine Grayson, Matthew Sakach, and Kayla Torna

Convergent antibody responses are associated with broad neutralization of hepatitis C virus

IntroductionEarly development of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoprotein E2 is associated with spontaneous clearance of infection, so induction of bNAbs is a major goal of HCV vaccine development. However, the molecular antibody features important for broad neutralization are not known.MethodsTo identify B cell repertoire features associated with broad neutralization, we performed RNA sequencing of the B cell receptors (BCRs) of HCV E2-reactive B cells of HCV-infected individuals with either high or low plasma neutralizing breadth. We then produced a monoclonal antibody (mAb) expressed by pairing the most abundant heavy and light chains from public clonotypes identified among clearance, high neutralization subjects.ResultsWe found distinctive BCR features associated with broad neutralization of HCV, including long heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDRH3) regions, specific VH gene usage, increased frequencies of somatic hypermutation, and particular VH gene mutations. Most intriguing, we identified many E2-reactive public BCR clonotypes (heavy and light chain clones with the same V and J-genes and identical CDR3 sequences) present only in subjects who produced highly neutralizing plasma. The majority of these public clonotypes were shared by two subjects who cleared infection. A mAb expressing the most abundant public heavy and light chains from these clearance, high neutralization subjects had features enriched in high neutralization clonotypes, such as increased somatic hypermutation frequency and usage of IGHV1-69, and was cross-neutralizing.DiscussionTogether, these results demonstrate distinct BCR repertoires associated with high plasma neutralizing capacity. Further characterization of the molecular features and function of these antibodies can inform HCV vaccine development

Tubo-ovarian abscess caused by Edwardsiella tarda: A case report

Tubo-ovarian abscesses (TOAs) are a complicated form of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). They are usually caused by Bacteroides species or Escherichia coli. A 35-year-old woman presented with TOA caused by an infection with the rare pathogen Edwardsiella tarda. Thus, in a suspected case of a TOA in a patient with PID, we recommend obtaining a culture to test for a wide variety of bacterial organisms. By identifying less common pathogenic causes of TOA earlier, more conservative treatments can be used to mitigate the negative consequences of TOA and the need for surgical intervention

Open Reduction And Internal Fixation of Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) Fracture Dislocations-Is Arthrodesis Necessary?

INTRODUCTION: Controversy remains regarding the optimal management of tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) fracture dislocations. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and ORIF with primary arthrodesis (PA) have been described in the treatment of these injuries, although adverse sequelae remain problematic. Previous work has yielded small cohorts with heterogenous results. We aimed to describe the outcomes of Lisfranc fracture dislocations managed with ORIF and/or PA to identify risk factors for complications, such as nonunion and revision surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of 206 consecutive tarsometatarsal fracture dislocations that underwent surgical repair between 2015 and 2021 was performed. Time to radiographic union was noted. Complications were recorded, including revision surgery, infection, symptomatic implant removal, posttraumatic arthritis, secondary arthrodesis, and nonunion. A comparative subgroup analysis of outcomes by treatment modality (ie, PA versus ORIF) and by injury severity (isolated injury versus concomitant lower extremity fracture) were performed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with revision surgery. RESULTS: 104 patients met the inclusion criteria with a mean 13-month follow-up. Ninety-three (n = 93) patients underwent ORIF, and 11 patients underwent PA. Radiographic union was achieved in 94.2% of cases (98/104) at an average 106 days. Complications included superficial infection (3.8%), deep infection (7.7%), symptomatic implant removal (19.2%), posttraumatic arthritis (12.5%), secondary arthrodesis (4.8%), and nonunion (2.9%). No difference existed in the complication rates between those who underwent ORIF and those who underwent PA (P = 0.50). Revision surgery rates were similar between patients who sustained isolated injuries and those with concomitant lower extremity fractures (P = 0.31). Risk factors for revision surgery included open fractures (OR 4.01, P = 0.042) and previous psychiatric illness (OR 5.77, P = 0.016). DISCUSSION: The vast spectrum of injury in Lisfranc fracture dislocations makes uniform treatment challenging. In this large consecutive series, few failed to achieve union or required secondary arthrodesis. Open fractures and previous psychiatric illness portended worse clinical outcomes. ORIF without PA remains a viable treatment in these injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective cohort study

Conceptualizing Augmented Reality Television for the Living Room

We examine the concept and characteristics of “Augmented Reality Television” (ARTV) using a four-step investigation method consisting of (1) an analysis of commonly-accepted perspectives on Augmented and Mixed Reality systems, (2) a literature survey of previous work on ARTV, (3) relevant connections with other areas of scientific investigation from TVX/IMX, such as Ambient Media, Interactive TV, and 3-D TV, and (4) by proposing a conceptual framework for ARTV called the “Augmented Reality Television Continuum.” Our work comes at a moment when the excitement and hype about the potential of AR for home entertainment has overlooked rigorous analysis and clear-cut examinations of the concepts involved, which should be the hallmark of any exact science. With this work, our goal is to draw the community’s attention toward fundamentals and first principles of ARTV and to tease out its salient qualities on solid foundations