Models for Decanting Gaseous Fuel Tanks: Simulations with GFSSP Thermal Model

Transport of fuel from distillation/storage plant to different parts of the world has always been challenging task for Engineers. Different methods have been proposed over the time for transporting fuel efficiently and at low cost which include Marine vessels, Pipelines, Rail Cars and Trucks. In order to transport useful amount of fuel in a reasonably sized tank, we have to liquefy it. While few fuels are easy to liquefy there are great number of fuels which liquefy only under extreme pressure/temperature conditions. Methane has a boiling point of -161.7°C at atmospheric pressure which means it has to be cooled to a much lower temperature in order to turn it into to liquid that can be stored in a tank. In short, Methane is not stored in household tanks because it is hard to liquefy. So large carbon epoxy fiber tanks were developed to transport Methane around the world in gaseous state at high pressures. But when the tank decanting was done in places where ambient temperatures were well below 0°C, it was found that ideal conditions for Methane liquefaction were formed. Gaseous Methane has to lose a lot of energy to liquefy which means that liquid Methane would be much colder than its gaseous counterpart. Now the liquid Methane would cool the tank walls more rapidly than its gaseous counterpart present in the tank and thus this difference in temperature would impart additional thermal stresses on the tank walls. These thermal stresses are result of uneven contraction/expansion of the tank walls and may lead to crack formation in the wall surface which we intend to avoid in all circumstances. The present study is concentrated in identifying different tank decanting conditions where there may arise favorable conditions for liquid Methane formation. Tank decanting simulations were performed for different system temperatures ranging from -50°C to 20°C and flow rates of 0.064kg/s, 0.11975 kg/s and 0.3kg/s respectively were selected for each system temperature. A similar study on Biogas tank decanting was performed and different system conditions were identified where possibility of liquefaction arouse within the tank. Through the tank decanting study carried out on Methane and biogas fuels, few decanting conditions were identified where there was a possibility of liquefaction within the tank. If the decanting was continued from these points of liquefaction, the tank walls would experience immense thermal stresses and there may arise a point where cracking in the tank wall takes place. The tank decanting, either has to be stopped or the decanting flow rate should be reduced further at these points. As the decanting flow rate is reduced the tank wall would have enough time to pump heat into the system and thus avoiding liquefaction within the tank. This process can continue only until the tank wall temperature and the fuel temperature within the tank reaches equilibrium or the fuel temperature reaches its critical point, whichever comes earlier. After this, decanting has to be stopped because any further temperature drop would result in liquefaction which has to be avoided under any circumstances as this would in turn result in tank liner failure. Advisor: Kevin D. Col

ECONOMIZED SENSOR DATA PROCESSING WITH VEHICLE PLATOONING

We present platooning as a special case of crowd-sensing framework. After offering a policy that governs platooning, we review common scenarios and components surrounding platooning. We present a prototype that illustrates efficiency of road usage and vehicle travel time derived from platooning. We have argued that beyond the commonly reported benefits of platooning, there are substantial savings in acquisition and processing of sensory data sharing the road. Our results show that data transmission can be reduced to low of 3% compared to normal data transmission using a platoon formation with sensor sharing

Diversity oriented one-pot three-component sequential synthesis of annulated benzothiazoloquinazolines

Annulated benzothiazoloquinazolines have been synthesized by a diversity oriented simple and convenient synthesis involving one-pot three-component reaction of substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles with α-tetralone and aromatic/heteroaromatic aldehydes in ethanol in the presence of catalytic amount of triethylamine. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by their elemental analyses and spectral data

MSMEs in COVID-19 Crisis and India’s Economic Relief Package: A Critical Review

MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise) are the backbone of Indian economy as it contributes more than 30% in the India’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product). The present research studies the current conditions of MSMEs amid corona virus crisis and the economic relief package, specifically for MSMEs, entitled as “Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Dependent India)” in order to revive the business activities of MSMEs. Critical review of the economic package and modification needed in terms of MSMEs issues in the further announcements were discussed in this paper. Former RBI (Reserve Bank of India) governor Raghuram Rajan and Nobel Prize winner in economics Prof. Abhijit Banerjee has also contributed in the discussion in order to revive the Indian economy

Evaluation of renal function in subclinical and overt hypothyroidism

Background: Thyroid hormones can cause significant changes in renal function such as decrease in sodium re-absorption in the proximal tubules, impairment in the concentrating and diluting capacities of the distal tubules, a decrease in the urinary urate excretion and a decrease in the renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study was therefore planned to analyse the changes in biochemical markers of renal function in patients with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism and to correlate these values with the thyroid profile of the patients with an aim to determine whether thyroid dysfunction has deleterious effects on renal function.Methods: Study was conducted on 200 patients, in the age group of 20-70 years, in the Department of Medicine, in collaboration with Department of Biochemistry, GMC Jammu over a period of 6 months. After centrifugation, the serum was divided into 2 aliquots: one for renal function tests and the other for thyroid function tests.Results: Age wise, mean was found to be 33.2±9.3 years for euthyroid group and 42.8±8.7 years for hypothyroid group. Patients with both subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism showed statistically significant rise in TSH levels as compared to controls.Conclusions: It was seen that primary hypothyroidism is associated with a reversible elevation of serum creatinine in adults as well as children. It is believed that renal impairment with hypothyroidism is due to reduced cardiac output and increased systemic and renal vasoconstriction leading to reduced renal blood and plasma flow and decreased GFR

A new species of the genus Epistaurus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Central India

Epistaurus tinsensis sp. n. is described from Chhattisgarh, India. A key to the species of the genus from India is also provided

Bibliometrics and scientometrics in India: An overview of studies during 1995-2014Part II: Contents of the articles in terms of disciplines and their bibliometric aspects

This part of the study highlights the contents of the published articles in terms of various disciplines or sub-disciplines and the bibliometric aspects discussed in these articles. The analysis of 902 papers published by Indian scholars during1995-2014 indicates that the main focus of bibliometrics/scientometrics is on assessment of science and technology in India in different sub-disciplines including contributions by Indian states and other individual countries followed by bibliometric analysis of individual journals. Papers dealing with bibliometric laws received a low priority as compared to other subdisciplines of bibliometrics/scientometrics. The analysis of data indicates that the share of theoretical studies using mathematical and statistical techniques which were missing in the earlier period (1970-1994) has increased during 1995-2014. The field of medicine as a discipline received the highest attention as compared to other disciplines

Collaborative Profile Assessment to Secure MANET by DDOS Attack

In the Mobile Ad-hoc Network, nodes bind together in the centralised authority's absence because reliability is one of the main challenges. The MANETS protective architecture provides some consequential problems due to the specific features of MANETS. The DDoS attack in the network is not quickly detectable. A management infrastructure that guarantees extensive security and the required network performance from attacks must be developed to overcome the barriers. Direct methods cannot be found successfully in mobile ad hoc networks in which network topology differs animatedly. Different DDoS security systems boost the network's output in front of an attacker to deactivate mismanagement, like NTRS. In this study, the Distributed Profile Evaluation Mechanism (DPEAP) DDoS Attack Effect in the Network proposes that compromise packets tossed out of the network beyond the network's capacity. The NTRS was a modern methodology in the study, and the DPEAP suggested is a new technique. The DPEAP identifies the attacker's behaviour by matching an attacker's profile with the ordinary nodes on the network, provided that the Node Profile is regular in the foaming of the proper network data delivery. The DPEAP then declare that the attacker's network has no hazard. In contrast with NTRS in MANET, the DPEAP method is stable and efficient

Proximally migrated Double J stent in hydronephrotic kidneys: Etiological factors and management

Double J stents have become an essential tool in urologist’s armamentarium but are never without potential complications. Migration of DJ stent is a recognized complication, though its proximal migration into the upper ureter, pelvicalyceal system is reported rarely. This can add to the cost of patients and increases hospital stay if another general/ regional anesthesia session is required for its repositioning/removal. We successfully repositioned or removed proximally migrated DJ stents ureteroscopically under local anesthesia and analgesia in all of our case series patients on a daycare basis. We emphasize the importance of recordkeeping and follow up of stented patients particularly with those with hydronephrotic systems. In the event of proximal migration of the DJ stent, it can be successfully repositioned or removed under local anesthesia and analgesia. Keywords: Double J stent, proximal migration, ESWL-Extracorporeal shockwave lithotrips