A design of jet mixed tank

Jet mixing has become alternative to conventional impeller mixing for various applications in process industries. Mixing time is an important design parameter in jet mixing. Many authors have used different parameters like jet velocity, jet diameter, tank height etc to find out the correlation for mixing time. There is no comprehensive review, which tells exclusively about these parameters used for jet mixing. Recently many authors have used CFD in order to overcome experimental limitations for design of jet mixed tanks. A critical analysis of the available literature data has been made and some general conclusions have been drawn concerning the various parameters. This review focuses on the study of various parameters used in experimental and CFD work on jet mixed tanks to get the optimum design procedure

Modeling the adsorption of benzeneacetic acid on CaO2 nanoparticles using artificial neural network

The present work reported a method for removal of benzeneacetic acid from water solution using CaO2 nanoparticle as adsorbent and modeling the adsorption process using artificial neural network (ANN). CaO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical precipitation technique. The characterization and confirmation of nanoparticles have been done by using different techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope (HR-FESEM),transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) analysis. ANN model was developed by using elite-ANN software. The network was trained using experimental data at optimum temperature and time with different CaO2 nanoparticle dosage (0.002-0.05 g) and initial benzeneacetic acid concentration (0.03-0.099 mol/L). Root mean square error (RMS) of 3.432, average percentage error (APE) of 5.813 and coefficient of determination (R2 ) of 0.989 were found for prediction and modeling of benzeneacetic acid removal. The trained artificial neural network is employed to predict the output of the given set of input parameters. The single-stage batch adsorber design of the adsorption of benzeneacetic acid onto CaO2 nanoparticles has been studied with well fitted Langmuir isotherm equation which is homogeneous and has monolayer sorption capacity

Synthesis, Characterization and Application of 1-Butyl-3 Methylimidazolium Chloride as Green Material for Extractive Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel

The possible application of imidazolium ionic liquids as energy-efficient green material for extractive deep desulfurization of liquid fuel has been investigated. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction of n-methylimidazolium and 1-chlorobutane. Molecular structures of the ILs were confirmed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. The thermal properties, conductivity, solubility, water content and viscosity analysis of [BMIM]Cl were carried out. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, sulfur compounds, and recycling of IL without regeneration on dibenzothiophene removal of liquid fuel were presented. In the extractive desulfurization process, the removal of dibenzothiophene in n-dodecane using [BMIM]Cl was 81% with mass ratio of 1 : 1, in 30 min at 30°C under the mild reaction conditions. Also, desulfurization of real fuels with IL and multistage extraction were studied. The results of this work might offer significant insights in the perceptive use of imidazoled ILs as energy-efficient green material for extractive deep desulfurization of liquid fuels as it can be reused without regeneration with considerable extraction efficiency

Reactive extraction of propionic acid using Aliquat 336 in MIBK: Linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) modeling and kinetics study

708-713This study presents linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) modeling of reactive extraction of propionic acid using Aliquat 336 in MIBK as diluent. Reaction was slow in Aliquat 336 + MIBK with rate constant at 0.0079 (m3/kmol)0.55 s-1.Order of reaction with respect to acid and Aliquat 336 was 1 and 0.9 respectively. Modeling of reactive extraction equilibria using LSER was carried out and predicted a close resemblance of experimental data

Reactive Extraction of Levulinic Acid by Amberlite LA-2 Extractant

The production of organic acids at relatively low concentrations in aqueous solutions is typical of both electrochemical and biochemical syntheses. The recovery of these solute species can be achieved by solvent extraction, and the reactive recovery of carboxylic acids from aqueous solutions has received increasing attention. In this study the reactive extraction of levulinic acid was done at 298.15 K, and all experiments were reported on the extraction of levulinic acid by Amberlite LA-2 dissolved in five different esters (dimethyl phthalate, dimethyl adipate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate, and diethyl carbonate), five different alcohols (isoamyl alcohol, hexan-1-ol, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, and decan-1-ol) and two different ketones (diisobutyl ketone (DIBK) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)). Furthermore, single pure solvents (not containing Amberlite LA-2) were used for physical extraction. Experimental results of batch extraction experiments were calculated and reported as distribution coefficients (K(D)), loading factors (T(T)), stoichiometric loading factors (T(S)), separation factors (S(f)) and extraction efficiencies (E). The isoamyl alcohol was found to be the most effective solvent with a maximum distribution value (K(D)) of 68.017. According to the data determined from the experiments, a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model equation was found to calculate loading factors (T(T)) for the alcohols with an R(2) value of 0.98