Virtual Pion Scattering

We propose a theory which exploits the charge-exchange reactions ($^3$He,$^3$H$\pi^+$) and (p,n$\pi^+$) as effective sources of virtual pions. We consider processes in which the creation of virtual pions is followed by conventional coupled-channel pion scattering to discrete nuclear states. This picture allows us to incorporate successful theories of pion scattering and utilize virtual pions as probes of the nuclear matter. For coherent pion production we clearly demonstrate that the shift of the coherent peak position in the excitation function of $^3$He-A relative to $^3$He-N scattering is determined entirely by the pion nucleus rescattering.Comment: 10 pages, revtex 3, 2 figures attached in file figures.u

Pluto: a Monte Carlo simulation tool for hadronic physics

Pluto is a Monte-Carlo event generator designed for hadronic interactions from Pion production threshold to intermediate energies of a few GeV per nucleon, as well as for studies of heavy ion reactions. The package is entirely based on ROOT, without the need of additional packages, and uses the embedded C++ interpreter of ROOT to control the event production. The generation of events based on a single reaction chain and the storage of the resulting particle objects can be done with a few lines of a ROOT-macro. However, the complete control of the package can be taken over by the steering macro and user-defined models may be added without a recompilation of the framework. Multi-reaction cocktails can be facilitated as well using either mass-dependent or user-defined static branching ratios. The included physics uses resonance production with mass-dependent Breit-Wigner sampling. The calculation of partial and total widths for resonances producing unstable particles is performed recursively in a coupled-channel approach. Here, particular attention is paid to the electromagnetic decays, motivated by the physics program of HADES. The thermal model supports 2-component thermal distributions, longitudinal broadening, radial blast, direct and elliptic flow, and impact-parameter sampled multiplicities. The interface allows angular distribution models (e.g. for the primary meson emission) to be attached by the user as well as descriptions of multi-particle correlations using decay chain templates. The exchange of mass sampling or momentum generation models is also possible. The first feature allows for consistent coupled-channel calculations, needed for a correct description of hadronic interactions. For elementary reactions, angular distribution models for selected channels are already part of the framework, based on parameterizations of existing data. This report gives an overview of the design of the package, the included models and the user interface

Pluto: A Monte Carlo Simulation Tool for Hadronic Physics

Pluto is a Monte-Carlo event generator designed for hadronic interactions from Pion production threshold to intermediate energies of a few GeV per nucleon, as well as for studies of heavy ion reactions. This report gives an overview of the design of the package, the included models and the user interface.Comment: XI International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research, April 23-27 2007, Amsterdam, the Netherland

The d'-Dibaryon in the Nonrelativistic Quark Model

The narrow peak recently found in various pionic double charge exchange (DCX) cross sections can be explained by the assumption of a universal resonance at 2065 MeV, called d'. We calculate the mass of a six-quark system with J^P=0^-, T=0 quantum numbers employing a cluster model and a shell model basis to diagonalize the nonrelativistic quark model Hamiltonian.Comment: 7 pages, Latex, 2 figures, invited talk at 6th Int. Symp. on Mesons and Nucleons 1995, Blaubeuren, Germany, 10-14 July 1995, to be published in pi-N Newsletter

ρ\rho - nucleus bound states in Walecka model

Possible formation of $\rho$ nucleus bound state is studied in the framework of Walecka model. The bound states are found in different nuclei ranging from $^3He$ to $^{208}Pb$. These bound states may have a direct bearing on the recent experiments on the photoproduction of $\rho$ meson in the nuclear medium.Comment: RevTeX fil

Collectivity Embedded in Complex Spectra of Finite Interacting Fermi Systems: Nuclear Example

The mechanism of collectivity coexisting with chaos in a finite system of strongly interacting fermions is investigated. The complex spectra are represented in the basis of two-particle two-hole states describing the nuclear double-charge exchange modes in $^{48}$Ca. An example of $J^{\pi}=0^-$ excitations shows that the residual interaction, which generically implies chaotic behavior, under certain specific and well identified conditions may create strong transitions, even much stronger than those corresponding to a pure mean-field picture. Such an effect results from correlations among the off-diagonal matrix elements, is connected with locally reduced density of states and a local minimum in the information entropy.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX2e, REVTeX, 8 PostScript figures, to appear in Physical Review

Subthreshold rho^0 photoproduction on 3He

A large reduction of the rho^0 mass in the nuclear medium is reported, inferred from dipion photoproduction spectra in the 1 GeV region, for the reaction 3He(gamma,pi+ pi-)X with a 10% duty factor tagged-photon beam and the TAGX multi-particle spectrometer. The energy range covered (800 < E(gamma) < 1120 MeV) lies mostly below the free rho^0 production threshold, a region which is believed sensitive to modifications of light vector-meson properties at nuclear-matter densities. The rho^0 masses extracted from the MC fitting of the data, m*(rho^0) = 642 +/- 40, 669 +/- 32, and 682 +/- 56 MeV/c^2 for E(gamma) in the 800-880, 880-960, and 960-1040 MeV regions respectively, are independently corroborated by a measured, assumption-free, kinematical observable. This mass shift, far exceeding current mean-field driven theoretical predictions, may be suggestive of rho^0 decay within the range of the nucleonic field.Comment: 40 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Observation of ρ/ω\rho / \omega Meson Modification in Nuclear Matter

We have measured invariant mass spectra of electron-positron pairs in the target rapidity region of 12GeV p+A reactions. We have observed a significant difference in the mass spectra below the $\omega$ meson between p+C and p+Cu interactions. The difference is interpreted as a signature of the $\rho/\omega$ modification at normal nuclear-matter density.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Letters. all the figures changed to Postscript format, text not change

Probing the DeltaNN component of 3He

The 3He(gamma,pi^+/- p) reactions were measured simultaneously over a tagged photon energy range of 800<E_gamma<1120 MeV, well above the Delta resonance region. An analysis was performed to kinematically isolate Delta knockout events from conventional Delta photoproduction events, and a statistically significant excess of pi+p events was identified, consistent with Delta++ knockout. Two methods were used to estimate the DeltaNN probability in the 3He ground state, corresponding to the observed knockout cross section. The first gave a lower probability limit of 1.5+/-0.6+/-0.5%; the second yielded an upper limit of about 2.6%.Comment: 14 page

Production and decay of the d* dibaryon

The production of the isoscalar Jp = 3+ didelta dibaryon d* by proton inelastic scattering from deuteron targets is described in a double-scattering Glauber approximation. Each scattering changes a target nucleon into a Delta with the help of the isovector tensor force transmitted by pi and rho mesons. The differential cross section constructed from empirical Love-Franey nucleon-nucleon t-matrices and a simple model of d* shows a maximum of some 10 micro-b/sr at 70 deg (c.m.) for 500 MeV protons. The partial width of the decay d* -> NN caused by the exchanges of the same mesons is found for this simple model of d* to be about 9 MeV if the d* mass is 2100 MeV. The implications of these results are discussed.Comment: 31 pages, 8 figure