10,038 research outputs found
El paradigma de Prescott : la historiografía norteamericana y la decadencia de España
Tal como lo establece el propio autor, este ensayo analiza la contribución de William Prescott a la historiogral'ia de España y la posterior influencia que ha ejercido lo que Kagan llama 'Paradigma de Prescott', es decir, la idea de correspondencia entre decadencia española y progreso estadounidense, sobre los historiadores americanos que se han ocupado de España hasta nuestros días.Tal com estableix el mateix autor, aquest assaig analitza la contribució de William Prescott a la historiografia d'Eqanya i la posterior influencia que ha exercit el que Kagan qualifica de 'Paradigma de Prescott', és a dir, la idea de correspondencia entre decadencia espanyola i progrés nord-america, sobre els historiadors americans que s'han ocupat d'Espanya fins als nostres dies.As the author states, this essay analyses William Prescott's contribution to Spain's historiography and how what Kagan calls the 'Prescott Paradigm', that is the correspondence between Spain's decline and United States' progression, has influenced American scholars dealing with Spain, up to the present
Manifestation of superfluidity in an evolving Bose-condensed gas
We study the generation of excitations due to an ''impurity''(static
perturbation) placed into an oscillating Bose-condensed gas in the
time-dependent trapping field. It is shown that there are two regions for the
position of the local perturbation. In the first region the condensate flows
around the ''impurity'' without generation of excitations demonstrating
superfluid properties. In the second region the creation of excitations occurs,
at least within a limited time interval, revealing destruction of
superfluidity. The phenomenon can be studied by measuring the damping of
condensate oscillations at different positions of the ''impurity''
A contextual approach to trauma experience: lessons from life events research
There has been much debate over what constitutes trauma experience and how this is differentiated from other very negative life events in the diagnosis of PTSD. We believe the DSM implication that trauma events are uniquely different from other types of negative life events and are limited to a few specific types of predetermined event identified categorically hinders the utility of current trauma definitions in research and practice. Whilst we do not take issue with the standard definition of trauma events, a binary checklist-style approach to identifying such events has a potential for missing relevant experience. Instead, we argue that trauma events should be considered to be at one end of a continuum of threat/severity, with potential for more or less ‘threat to life’ in a range of domains. Furthermore, a wider assessment of events could elucidate a greater range of co-existing trauma events, those sub-threshold experiences related to phasing of trauma, and other unrelated negative life events which may contribute to context and impact. In this critique of definitions of trauma events we argue that the current definition of PTSD criterion-A events limits their utility in both research and clinical practice. Following intensive life event assessments such as the LEDS (Life Events and Difficulties Schedule) the application of dimensions underlying a cross spectrum of events includes loss (of person, role, plan or ideas about the self), danger (future loss/threat to security), humiliation (devaluation of self/rejection) and entrapment (sense of imprisonment) can be used to further categorise events or trauma, and specify their likely impact. Data is provided of the overlap of ‘markedly’ threatening negative events (using the LEDS) and those constituting trauma using a commonly used checklist in a high-risk community sample of women. This yielded high specificity (97%; CI = 95.60-97.71) but low sensitivity (41%; (95% CI = 27.57-54.97) with around a third rated on both. Most of the trauma events involved loss and danger categorisation and only in one instance humiliation. Other markedly threatening, non-trauma events, involved not only loss and danger but also humiliation and entrapment. We discuss how a more in-depth assessment of trauma events utilising these dimensions and with the new Computerised Life Events Assessment Record (CLEAR), could aid us in our understanding of trauma events and lead to more personalised treatment possibilities
Understanding trauma in children and young people in the school setting
Aim: Educational practitioners are increasingly aware of trauma experiences in students as a factor in child disturbance and schooling problems. This discussion paper aims to clarify definitions of trauma and differentiate them from other adverse childhood experiences (ACE), describe trauma impact in terms of clinical outcomes (PTSD, emotional and behavioural disorder) and how attachment factors mediate risk and discuss the challenges and ethics of identifying and enquiring about trauma experience in a school setting.
Rationale: Schools are increasingly required to be 'trauma sensitive' and to intervene where possible, with government requirements of improving mental health in schools. However, this poses a real challenge for educationalists given the barriers due to ethics, stigma/secrecy, referral implications and measurement availability for whole school approaches. Universal screening may provide a framework that helps schools recognise, measure and treat trauma.
Findings: A conceptual model clarifying trauma exposure, trauma impact and mediating factors is identified to aid understanding for teachers. Use of technological screening methods for whole school monitoring of trauma impacts, including mediating risks, are outlined.
Limitations: A full literature review of trauma or school-based interventions is not provided. Nor are biological impacts of trauma at different developmental stages described.
Conclusion: Teachers would benefit from having a psychological understanding of trauma models and their component parts in order to identify what lies within the remit of schools for identification and intervention
Three fully polarized fermions close to a p-wave Feshbach resonance
We study the three-body problem for three atomic fermions, in the same spin
state, experiencing a resonant interaction in the p-wave channel via a Feshbach
resonance represented by a two-channel model. The rate of inelastic processes
due to recombination to deeply bound dimers is then estimated from the
three-body solution using a simple prescription. We obtain numerical and
analytical predictions for most of the experimentally relevant quantities that
can be extracted from the three-body solution: the existence of weakly bound
trimers and their lifetime, the low-energy elastic and inelastic scattering
properties of an atom on a weakly bound dimer (including the atom-dimer
scattering length and scattering volume), and the recombination rates for three
colliding atoms towards weakly bound and deeply bound dimers. The effect of
"background" non-resonant interactions in the open channel of the two-channel
model is also calculated and allows to determine which three-body quantities
are `universal' and which on the contrary depend on the details of the model.Comment: 31 pages, 12 figure
Bound states of three and four resonantly interacting particles
We present an exact diagrammatic approach for the problem of dimer-dimer
scattering in 3D for dimers being a resonant bound state of two fermions in a
spin-singlet state, with corresponding scattering length . Applying this
approach to the calculation of the dimer-dimer scattering length , we
recover exactly the already known result . We use the developed
approach to obtain new results in 2D for fermions as well as for bosons.
Namely, we calculate bound state energies for three and four
resonantly interacting bosons in 2D. For the case of resonant interaction
between fermions and bosons we calculate exactly bound state energies of the
following complexes: two bosons plus one fermion , two bosons plus two
fermions , and three bosons plus one fermion
.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
Three body problem in a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate
We derive the explicit three body contact potential for a dilute condensed
Bose gas from microscopic theory. The three body coupling constant exhibits the
general form predicted by T.T. Wu [Phys. Rev. 113, 1390 (1959)] and is
determined in terms of the amplitudes of two and three body collisions in
vacuum. In the present form the coupling constant becomes accessible to
quantitative studies which should provide the crucial link between few body
collisions and the stability of condensates with attractive two body forces
Collapse dynamics of a - Bose-Einstein condensate
In this paper, we present a theoretical study of a two-component
Bose-Einstein condensate composed of Ytterbium (Yb) isotopes in a three
dimensional anisotropic harmonic potential. The condensate consists of a
mixture of atoms which have a negative s-wave scattering
length and atoms having a positive s-wave scattering
length. We study the ground state as well as dynamic properties of this
two-component condensate. Due to the attractive interactions between
atoms, the condensate of undergo a
collapse when the particle number exceed a critical value. The critical number
and the collapse dynamics are modified due to the presence of
atoms. We use coupled two-component Gross-Pitaevskii
equations to study the collapse dynamics. The theoretical results obtained are
in reasonable agreement with the experimental results of Fukuhara {\em et al.}
[PRA{\bf 79}, 021601(R) (2009)].Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
A priori mixing of mesons and the |Delta I|=1/2 rule in K\to\pi\pi
We consider the hypothesis of a priori mixings in the mass eigenstates of
mesons to obtain the |Delta I|=1/2 rule in K\to\pi\pi. The Hamiltonian
responsible for the transition is the strong interacting one. The experimental
data are described using the isospin symmetry relations between the strong
coupling constants
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