61 research outputs found
Evidence for the pair-breaking process in 116,117Sn
The nuclear level densities of 116,117Sn below the neutron separation energy
have been determined experimentally from the (3He,alpha gamma) and (3He,3He
gamma') reactions, respectively. The level densities show a characteristic
exponential increase and a difference in magnitude due to the odd-even effect
of the nuclear systems. In addition, the level densities display pronounced
step-like structures that are interpreted as signatures of subsequent breaking
of nucleon pairs.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C, 22
December 200
Nuclear level densities and gamma-ray strength functions in 44,45Sc
The scandium isotopes 44,45Sc have been studied with the 45Sc(3He,alpha
gamma)44Sc and 45Sc(3He,3He' gamma)45Sc reactions, respectively. The nuclear
level densities and gamma-ray strength functions have been extracted using the
Oslo method. The experimental level densities are compared to calculated level
densities obtained from a microscopic model based on BCS quasiparticles within
the Nilsson level scheme. This model also gives information about the parity
distribution and the number of broken Cooper pairs as a function of excitation
energy. The experimental gamma-ray strength functions are compared to
theoretical models of the E1, M1, and E2 strength, and to data from (gamma,n)
and (gamma,p) experiments. The strength functions show an enhancement at low
gamma energies that cannot be explained by the present, standard models.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures. Published versio
Microcanonical entropies and radiative strength functions of V
The level densities and radiative strength functions (RSFs) of V
have been extracted using the (He,) and
(He,He) reactions, respectively. From the level
densities, microcanonical entropies are deduced. The high -energy part
of the RSF is described by the giant electric dipole resonance. A significant
enhancement over the predicted strength in the region of MeV is seen, which at present has no theoretical explanation.Comment: 16 pages including 9 figure
Alpha-nucleus potential for alpha-decay and sub-barrier fusion
The set of parameters for alpha-nucleus potential is derived by using the
data for both the alpha-decay half-lives and the fusion cross-sections around
the barrier for reactions alpha+40Ca, alpha+59Co, alpha+208Pb. The alpha-decay
half-lives are obtained in the framework of a cluster model using the WKB
approximation. The evaluated alpha-decay half-lives and the fusion
cross-sections agreed well with the data. Fusion reactions between
alpha-particle and heavy nuclei can be used for both the formation of very
heavy nuclei and spectroscopic studies of the formed compound nuclei.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Level density of Fe and low-energy enhancement of -strength function
The MnFe differential cross section is measured at
MeV\@. The Fe level density obtained from neutron evaporation spectra is
compared to the level density extracted from the
FeHe,Fe reaction by the Oslo-type technique.
Good agreement is found between the level densities determined by the two
methods. With the level density function obtained from the neutron evaporation
spectra, the Fe -strength function is also determined from the
first-generation matrix of the Oslo experiment. The good agreement
between the past and present results for the -strength function
supports the validity of both methods and is consistent with the low-energy
enhancement of the strength below MeV first discovered by the
Oslo method in iron and molybdenum isotopes.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Level densities and -ray strength functions in Sn isotopes
The nuclear level densities of Sn and the -ray strength
functions of Sn below the neutron separation energy are
extracted with the Oslo method using the (He, \,) and
(He,He) reactions. The level density function of
Sn displays step-like structures. The microcanonical entropies are
deduced from the level densities, and the single neutron entropy of Sn
is determined to be . Results from a combinatorial model
support the interpretation that some of the low-energy steps in the level
density function are caused by neutron pair-breaking. An enhancement in all the
-ray strength functions of Sn, compared to standard models
for radiative strength, is observed for the -ray energy region of
MeV. These small resonances all have a centroid energy of
8.0(1) MeV and an integrated strength corresponding to of the
classical Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule. The Sn resonances may be due to electric
dipole neutron skin oscillations or to an enhancement of the giant magnetic
dipole resonance
Self-consistent symmetries in the proton-neutron Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approach
Symmetry properties of densities and mean fields appearing in the nuclear
Density Functional Theory with pairing are studied. We consider energy
functionals that depend only on local densities and their derivatives. The most
important self-consistent symmetries are discussed: spherical, axial,
space-inversion, and mirror symmetries. In each case, the consequences of
breaking or conserving the time-reversal and/or proton-neutron symmetries are
discussed and summarized in a tabulated form, useful in practical applications.Comment: 26 RevTex pages, 1 eps figure, 9 tables, submitted to Physical Review
Instantaneous Shape Sampling - a model for the -absorption cross section of transitional nuclei
The influence of the quadrupole shape fluctuations on the dipole vibrations
in transitional nuclei is investigated in the framework of the Instantaneous
Shape Sampling Model, which combines the Interacting Boson Model for the slow
collective quadrupole motion with the Random Phase Approximation for the rapid
dipole vibrations. Coupling to the complex background configurations is taken
into account by folding the results with a Lorentzian with an energy dependent
width. The low-energy energy portion of the - absorption cross section,
which is important for photo-nuclear processes, is studied for the isotopic
series of Kr, Xe, Ba, and Sm. The experimental cross sections are well
reproduced. The low-energy cross section is determined by the Landau
fragmentation of the dipole strength and its redistribution caused by the shape
fluctuations. Collisional damping only wipes out fluctuations of the absorption
cross section, generating the smooth energy dependence observed in experiment.
In the case of semi-magic nuclei, shallow pygmy resonances are found in
agreement with experiment
Pygmy dipole strength close to particle-separation energies - the case of the Mo isotopes
The distribution of electromagnetic dipole strength in 92, 98, 100 Mo has
been investigated by photon scattering using bremsstrahlung from the new ELBE
facility. The experimental data for well separated nuclear resonances indicate
a transition from a regular to a chaotic behaviour above 4 MeV of excitation
energy. As the strength distributions follow a Porter-Thomas distribution much
of the dipole strength is found in weak and in unresolved resonances appearing
as fluctuating cross section. An analysis of this quasi-continuum - here
applied to nuclear resonance fluorescence in a novel way - delivers dipole
strength functions, which are combining smoothly to those obtained from
(g,n)-data. Enhancements at 6.5 MeV and at ~9 MeV are linked to the pygmy
dipole resonances postulated to occur in heavy nuclei.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, proceedings Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics II,
May 16-20, Debrecen, Hungary. The original publication is available at
www.eurphysj.or
Partial level density of the n-quasiparticle excitations in the nuclei of the 39< A <201 region
Level density and radiative strength functions are obtained from the analysis
of two-step cascades intensities following the thermal neutrons capture. The
data on level density are approximated by the sum of the partial level
densities corresponding to n quasiparticles excitation. The most probable
values of the collective enhancement factor of the level density are found
together with the thresholds of the next Cooper nucleons pair breaking. These
data allow one to calculate the level density of practically any nucleus in
given spin window in the framework of model concepts, taking into account all
known nuclear excitation types. The presence of an approximation results
discrepancy with theoretical statements specifies the necessity of rather
essentially developing the level density models. It also indicates the
possibilities to obtain the essentially new information on nucleon correlation
functions of the excited nucleus from the experiment.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures, 2 table
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