Survey of occurrence of bacteria Vibrio cholera in the two provinces Baghdad and Babel

The present study was branched into two lines ,the first line aim to study Tigris River within Baghdad city  and Euphrates  River within Babel city to assess physical ,chemical and biological factors of  rivers water that Affect  the quality of water . the second line is isolating and diagnosis of  Vibrio  cholera bacteria from clinical and environmental sources in the two provinces and study of its  sensitivity against (13) antibiotic also conducting a molecular study to detect  the presence of plasmids and the toxin genes in All  isolated bacteria . the study area included three stations on Tigris river in Baghdad city and three stations on Euphrates river in Babel city , monthly samples were collected from October 2015 to September 2016 in addition to samples were collected from patients in three Hospitals  by using sterile containers . Keywords : Choleragen , Primers , DNA agarose gel electrophoresi

Antifungal and Antioxidant Activities of Pyrrolidone Thiosemicarbazone Complexes

Metal complexes of (Z)-2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (L) with Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) chlorides were tested against selected types of fungi and were found to have significant antifungal activities. The free-radical-scavenging ability of the metal complexes was determined by their interaction with the stable free radical 2,2′′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and all the compounds showed encouraging antioxidant activities. DFT calculations of the Cu complex were performed using molecular structures with optimized geometries. Molecular orbital calculations provide a detailed description of the orbitals, including spatial characteristics, nodal patterns, and the contributions of individual atoms

PERFORMANCE OF NANO COMPOSITE MEMBRANES AS ELECTROLYTE FOR PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEMFC) APPLICATION

Investigation of the single cell Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (SCPEMFC) using a series of Nafion-SiO2-PWA composite membranes as electrolyte have been carried out using the Arbin Fuel Cell Test System (FCTS). PEMFC performance and proton conductivity of the composite membrane have been determined over a temperature range of 30-90oC at pressure 1-1.7 atm at 40% RH. Analysis with FCTS showed that higher current density was yielded by composite membrane (82 mAcm-2 at 0.6 V for NS15W) than with the Nafion membrane (30 mAcm-2 at 0.2 V) at 90 oC. Hence the composite is potentially a good candidate to substitute Nafion membrane especially for the electrolyte of PEMFC operating at higher temperature range and lower R

Prevalence of CTX-M Gene in Klebsiella Pneumonia Isolated from Surface Water of Tigris River within Baghdad Province

The present work was conducted to study the prevalence of klebsiella pneumonia in surface water which a part of feacal coliform bacteria that consider one of  microbial pollution indicators in water, also determined their antibiotic resistance and ESBL encoding gene using PCR with specific primers for the detection of CTX-M gene. The results showed a total of 40 isolates of klebsiella pneumonia were tested for the presence of the CTX-M gene by PCR, 87.5% were carrying this gene, and also isolates were resistant to various classes of antibiotics. Water and sewage are the ones, which have been identified as reservoirs of enteric bacteria for spread of resistance factors, wastewater treatment plant did not show a satisfactory efficacy in removing pathogenic microorganisms, allowing for the dissemination of multiresistant bacteria into the environment and this can result in routes of dissemination of multiresistant bacteria and their genes of resistance into the environment, thus contaminating water resources, and having serious negative impact on public health. Keywords: CTX-M, k. pneumoni

Microbiological Analysis on Tigris River Water in the Selected Sites in Baghdad Province, Iraq

Bacteriological analyses were carried out on Tigris River water while passing through Baghdad City the capital of Iraq. The Tigris River was selected in this study because this river supplies water for many sector of development like agriculture, industry, transportation, aquaculture, public water supply. Microbial pollution indicators such as - total count, total coliforms, fecal coliforms was studied, Samples were collected over a period of twelve months from September 2013 to August 2014. The results showed variation in the number and density of microbial indicators between month and seasons of study sites. A highest number of bacterial pollutants recorded through summer and spring seasons. The total coliform and Faecal coliform counts exceeding acceptable limits are indicative of pollution. to protect human health must reduce the  pollution of the river through control the levels of pollutants discharged into Tigris River and reduce dissemination of the coliform and fecal coliform bacteria. Keywords: Bacterial indicator, Water pollution, Tigris Rive

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION THE COMPOSITE ORGANIC-INORGANIC MEMBRANE USING SOL-GEL PROCESS FOR PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEMFC)

Nafion-silicon oxide (SiO2)-phosphotungstic acid (PWA) composite membrane has been synthesized for medium temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) application using sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine saturated absorption of PWA in the silica matrix. A transparent film was achieved at annealing temperature of 140oC over 10 hours duration. The film than was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The SEM and TEM results indicated homogenous structure of the Nafion-SiO2-PWA composite membrane with SiO2 and PWA particles size less then 10 nm. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) result showed that the maximum loading of PWA in the SiO2 matrix is in the ratio of PWA/SiO2 equal to 0.45 (wt./wt.). The vibration absorption peak of Si-O-Si bond at 800 cm-1 and W-O-W at 755 cm-1 were observed thus indicated the inorganic compound was embedded in the Nafion matrix and did not leach out after washing treatment using acid and base solutions

Molecular Modeling Simulation Study of Interactions in Starch/Poly(acrylic acid) Blend

In this work we have studied the nature of interactions between starch and poly(acrylic acid) by using semi-empirical AM1 and PM3 methods. Theoretical computations involved the determination of optimal geometries, binding energies and vibrational frequencies of the blended polymers. Calculations are performed for four pairs of complexes of glucose (Glu) in starch and acrylic acid (mAA) in poly(acrylic acid) PAA. Based on results of calculation, the binding energies show negative values, which indicate that the interactions of glucose and acrylic acid are favorable at the lower energy. This means that the interactions of starch and PAA are stable. Vibrational frequency analysis of hydroxyl OH and carboxyl C=O groups of the 1Glu–1mAA, 1Glu–2mAA and 1Glu–3mAA complexes with single hydrogen bond showed that the stretching of these groups shifts to a lower wave number due to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Keywords:Polymer blends, AM1, PM3

Effect of shading net, planting methods and bio-extract on production of muskmelon

Saabunud / Received 03.08.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 17.12.2021 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 18.12.2021 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Ghassan Jaafar Hamdi [email protected] vegetable transplants under shade nets are currently becoming more popular to protect high intensities of light and high temperature. This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of shading net at 30% shading and an unshaded control, methods of the planting, direct sowing, transplanting, and foliar application of a biozyme fertilizer at 0 and 0.5 ml L–1 production, and quality of muskmelon. These treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and were arranged in a split‑split plot with three replications. Results showed that 30% shading treatment produced the highest leaf chlorophyll content (57.07 SPAD) and TSS (13.05%). Direct sowing gives a higher value for fruit weight (3583 g), most yield per plant (3772 g) and most total yield (3772 g). Transplanting produced the highest fruit per plant (1.58 fruit). The 0.5 ml L–1 fertilizer treatment had the least time to maturity (92.08 days). The interaction between shading treatment, establishment methods and biozyme fertilizer improve the fruit quality and yield of muskmelon

Inhibition Evaluation of 5-(4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)-2-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazole for the Corrosion of Mild Steel in an Acidic Environment: Thermodynamic and DFT Aspects

In this investigation, an oxadiazole namely 5-(4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)-2-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PMO), was synthesized and explored as an inhibitor against the corrosion  of mild steel in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid environment at various solution temperature 303-333 K. gravimetric, and microscopic techniques, namely, weight loss (WL), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), have been used to evaluate the inhibitive performance of the tested PMO. The results of the WL method displayed that the inhibition efficiency (%IE) was found to increase with the inhibitor concentration, while it reduced with increasing temperature. Furthermore, the WL results reveal that PMO inhibits corrosion display an IE of 95% at the highest concentration of 0.005 M. The SEM images of the mild steel surface coupon after adding PMO revealed a wide coverage of PMO molecules on the mild steel surface. Hence, the high inhibiting efficiency acquired by the tested inhibitor was explained by the strong adsorption of PMO molecules on the surface of mild steel. A protective layer has been constructed and it separating the mild steel surface from the hydrochloric acid solution, and such adsorption was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption nature of PMO molecules on the coupon surface was chemo-physisorption. Quantum chemical calculations were conducted by density functional theory (DFT) which help correlate the methodological findings with the theoretical investigations. The mechanisms of PMO molecules as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel surface in the corrosive environment was also discussed

Optimization of dye extraction from Cordyline fruticosa via response surface methodology to produce a natural sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells

AbstractIn the present work, the application of response surface methodology (RSM) for the optimization of process parameters in the chlorophyll extraction from Cordyline fruticosa leaves was performed. The absorbance of the extract obtained from the extraction process under different conditions was estimated using the D-optimal design in RSM. Three different process parameters such as the nature of organic solvent based on their boiling point (ethanol, methanol, and acetonitrile), pH (4–8) and extraction temperature (50–90°C) were optimized for chlorophyll extraction. The effects of these parameters on the absorbance or concentration of the extract were evaluated using ANOVA results of quadratic polynomial regression. The results showed a high R2 and adjusted R2 correlation coefficients of 0.9963 and 0.9921 respectively. Moreover, the analysis of the final quadric model based on the design experiments indicated an optimal extraction condition of pH of 7.99, extraction temperature of 78.33°C, and a solvent boiling point, 78°C. The predicted absorbance was 1.006, which is in good agreement with the experimentally obtained result of 1.04 at 665nm wavelength. The application of pigment obtained under the optimal condition was further evaluated as a sensitizer for the dye sensitized solar cells. Maximum solar conversion efficiency (η) of 0.5% was achieved for the C. fruticosa leaf extract obtained under the optimum extraction conditions. Furthermore, the exposure of the leaf pigment to 100mW/cm2 simulated sunlight yielded a short circuit photocurrent density (Isc) of 1.3mA, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 616mV, and a fill factor (ff) of 60.16%