A study of comparision between open and closed hemorrhoidectomy

AIM OF THE STUDY: The Aim of this study is to compare these techniques with respect to operating time, post operative complication such as pain, soiling, healing, hospitals stay, duration of inability to work, healing time, and other late complications of surgery. METHODOLOGY: A prospective randomized study, in which 54 patients with second and Third Degree Hemorrhoids were selected. Group I having 27 patients were treated with open Haemorrhoidectomy and Group II having 27 patients were treated with closed Haemorrhoidectomy. Open Haemorrhoidectomy was performed according to Milligan Morgan operation. Closed Haemorrhoidectomy was done according to Ferguson technique. Type of analysis: Clinical data analysis. Data collection: The data of each patient was collected in a specially designed proforma which is enclosed. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: The following are the findings in our study of 54 patients with haemorrhoids treated at Kilpauk Medical College Hospital, Chennai during the period 2016-2017. 1. Post operative pain was significantly lower in closed method when compared to open method. 2. Pain and soiling are lower in closed method compared to open method after 3to 6 weeks follow up. 3. Wound healing was better in closed method compared to open method after 3 to 6 weeks follow up. 4. After 3 months follow up, closed method shows better outcome compared to the open method. 5. The operating time was slightly lower in open haemorrhoidectomy than in closed haemorrhoidectomy. 6. The peak age incidence is in between 40-50 years. There is male preponderance. 7. Most of our patients had bleeding and prolapse as presenting features. 8. Familial preponderance in our study is only 2%. By analyzing the various data available, these two methods will be compared for their complications and further management

Development of stimuli-responsive smart hydrogels using molecular imprinting and interpenetrating polymer networks

Different classes of stimuli-responsive smart hydrogels (SRSH) were synthesized in order to assess the usefulness of molecular imprinting and generation of interpenetrating polymer networks to obtain advanced materials with tailored properties/performance. Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer (RAFT) polymerisation was exploited as an additional tool to increase the control on the formation process of these materials. Batch adsorption and frontal analysis (e.g. for 3-aminopyridine (3AMP) as depicted in the graphical abstract) techniques were used to quantify the affinity of different drugs with the produced SRSH. Stimulated drug release (e.g. due to temperature/pH changes) and protein immobilisation/release were also tested. Results obtained show that molecular imprinting and generation of interpenetrating networks are effective routes to obtain tailored materials with a particular affinity to selected template molecules.FCT and FEDER under Programme COMPETE (Project PEst-C/EQB/LA0020/2013), QREN, ON2 and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0162-FEDER-000050) and QREN, ON2 and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0124-FEDER- 0000014 - Polymer Reaction Engineering)

Assessment of RAFT polymerization in the synthesis of crosslinked materials for energy storage

The synthesis and characterization of two different classes of polymer crosslinked materials, useful for energy storage and improving energy efficiency, is here studied. Products resulting from the encapsulation of phase change materials (PCM), which can be used for thermal energy storage/release, are considered as first case study. For this purpose, different kinds of PCM can be considered in the encapsulation process, namely renewable based PCM such as natural fatty acids (e.g. stearic/palmitic acids). The sulfur inverse-vulcanization process, producing materials with useful electrochemical properties, is considered as second case study. This latter process takes advantage of the excess of elemental sulfur that is generated in petroleum refining and allows the synthesis of sulfur-rich copolymers to be applied (e.g.) as active materials in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries.FCT and FEDER under Programme COMPETE (Project PEst-C/EQB/LA0020/2013), QREN, ON2 and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0162-FEDER-000050) and QREN, ON2 and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0124-FEDER- 0000014 - Polymer Reaction Engineering)

Synthesis and testing of polymer crosslinked materials for applications in energy storage and Li-S batteries

The feasibility of making polymer crosslinked materials with applications in improving energy efficiency is here demonstrated. The encapsulation of phase change materials (PCM), for thermal energy storage/release, and sulphur inverse-vulcanization (producing materials with useful electrochemical properties) are here used as case studies. Effective thermal properties of the produced encapsulated PCM materials were measured through TG/DSC analysis (see graphical abstract). Designing tools allowing the synthesis of materials with tailored thermal properties were exploited (e.g. use of controlled radical polymerization). Sulphur-rich networks are synthetized using different operation conditions (e.g. considering RAFT/NMRP). Testing of these materials in Li-S batteries to assess the impact of the synthesis conditions in their electrochemical properties is ongoing work.FCT and FEDER under Programme COMPETE (Project PEst-C/EQB/LA0020/2013), QREN, ON2 and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0162-FEDER-000050) and QREN, ON2 and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0124-FEDER- 0000014 - Polymer Reaction Engineering)

Production of RAFT imprinted smart hydrogel particles in a continuous flow micro-reactor

Feasibility of the production of RAFT imprinted smart hydrogel particles in continuous flow micro-reactor is here showed. Microfluidic continuous operation was combined with RAFT polymerization and molecular imprinting tecniques involving selected template molecules. New strategies for the production of advanced materials with tailored properties are thus developed. Particles syntetized in the continuous flow micro-reactor (set-up scheme depicted in the graphical abstract) were purified and characterized using different techniques, namely batch and continuous drugs adsorption and release processes. Particles were packed in small columns allowing the quick testing of these materials using frontal analysis. Therefore, the usefulness of these particles in biotechnology and biomedicine is likely.FCT and FEDER under Programme COMPETE (Project PEst-C/EQB/LA0020/2013), QREN, ON2 and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0162-FEDER-000050) and QREN, ON2 and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0124-FEDER- 0000014 - Polymer Reaction Engineering)

Microreactor generated RAFT imprinted smart hydrogels

Stimuli-Responsive Smart Hydrogels (SRSH) are extensively used in biotechnology and biomedicine amongst many other fields1. SRSH can be obtained conventionally through a batch reactor process resulting in irregular shaped particles, whereas emulsion, inverse-suspension, precipitation polymerizations, etc., lead mostly to spherical shaped particles. Recently micro-reactors have been introduced as an alternative approach to produce spherical/conical particles continuously through implementation of a microfluidic droplet based technique.2 Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) controlled polymerization on the other hand has received a considerable attention in hydrogels provided the potential to produce macromolecules with a narrow molecular weight distribution.3 Having faced some classical deficiencies of conventional Free Radical Polymerization (FRP), owing to the importance of hydrogel particle morphology and the promising behavior of Controlled Radical Polymerization (CRP) using RAFT agent, here we try to combine the continuous flow microreactor and RAFT to overcome the obstacles. Besides, one additional goal is to create molecular memory (imprinting) inside hydrogel network. Pharmaceutical drugs with different classifications are employed as templates to obtain molecular imprinted hydrogels (MIH) in a continuous flow microreactor.The authors thank FCT and FEDER under Programme COMPETE (Project PEst- C/EQB/LA0020/2013), QREN, ON2 and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0162-FEDER-000050) andm QREN, ON2 and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0124-FEDER- 0000014 - Polymer Reaction Engineering). P.K. thanks NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-0000014 for the Post Doctoral grant

Development of tailored hydrogels using RAFT polymerization in continuous flow microreactor

This research is devoted to the development of tools aiding the production of smart hydrogels with tailored molecular architecture and properties. Molecular imprinting, RAFT polymerization and operation in continuous flow microreactor are individually considered and also simultaneously combined in order to try the synthesis of materials with improved performance.FCT and FEDER under Programme COMPETE (Project PEst-C/EQB/LA0020/2013), QREN, ON2 and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0162-FEDER-000050) and QREN, ON2 and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0124-FEDER- 0000014 - Polymer Reaction Engineering)

Investigations on Anti-Diabetic Medicinal Plants Used by Tribal Inhabitants of Nalamankadai, Chitteri Reserve Forest, Dharmapuri, India

An ethnobotanical survey was conducted to collect information about medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetics and associated complications by tribals in Nalamankadai village of Chitteri Hills, Dharmapuri District. The indigenous knowledge of local traditional healers and native plants used for the treatment of diabetics related health disorders were collected through questionnaire and personal interviews. A total of 10 informants with in the age group of 50 to 68 were interviewed, among them two were tribal practitioners. The investigation revealed that, the traditional healers and the inhabitants use 29 species of plants distributed in 28 genera belonging to 22 families to treat diabetics and related complications. Results depict that fresh plant materials were invariably preferred for the treatment of long term complications associated with diabetics. Anti-diabetic medicinal plants used by Malayali’s in Chitteri have been listed along with plant parts used

Molecular imprinting in hydrogels using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and continuous flow micro-reactor

Abstract BACKGROUND Stimuli responsive imprinted hydrogel micro-particles were prepared using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization for targeting genotoxic impurity aminopyridine in aqueous environment using a continuous flow micro-reactor. RESULTS The feasibility of operation with a continuous flow micro-reactor for particles production was demonstrated. A comparative evaluation was carried out between batch and micro-reactor produced imprinted and non-imprinted hydrogels. Experimental results proved that molecular imprints generated by free radical polymerization and controlled radical polymerization showed outstanding performance in adsorption behavior: the q value estimate was about 1000 times higher than the value presented by other researchers. Solid phase extraction results further evidenced the promising imprinting with hydrogels using free radical polymerization and controlled radical polymerization by retaining c. 100% of 3-aminopyridine. The imprinting factor of 4.3 presented in this research appears to be the best value shown so far. CONCLUSION The imprinted materials were successfully prepared both in batch and with a continuous flow micro-reactor. The inclusion of a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agent in controlled radical polymerization was important in optimizing the experimental conditions in the continuous microfluidic approach. Though the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agent was very useful in controlling the reaction kinetics, imprinted micro-particles showed the existence of both non-specific and imprinted sites. It is worth extending this work to demonstrate the impact of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agents in molecular imprinting, considering also operation in a continuous flow micro-reactor to obtain tailored smart hydrogel particles. © 2015 Society of Chemical IndustryThe authors thank FCT and FEDER under Programme COMPETE (Project PEst-C/EQB/LA0020/2013), QREN, ON2 and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0162-FEDER-000050) and QREN, ON2 and FEDER (Project NORTE-07-0124-FEDER- 0000014 - Polymer Reaction Engineering). P.K. thanks NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-0000014 for the Post Doctoral grant