Continuous immunotypes describe human immune variation and predict diverse responses

The immune system consists of many specialized cell populations that communicate with each other to achieve systemic immune responses. Our analyses of various measured immune cell population frequencies in healthy humans and their responses to diverse stimuli show that human immune variation is continuous in nature, rather than characterized by discrete groups of similar individuals. We show that the same three key combinations of immune cell population frequencies can define an individual’s immunotype and predict a diverse set of functional responses to cytokine stimulation. We find that, even though interindividual variations in specific cell population frequencies can be large, unrelated individuals of younger age have more homogeneous immunotypes than older individuals. Across age groups, cytomegalovirus seropositive individuals displayed immunotypes characteristic of older individuals. The conceptual framework for defining immunotypes suggested by our results could guide the development of better therapies that appropriately modulate collective immunotypes, rather than individual immune components. Keywords: human immune variation; immune cell composition; systems immunology; agingNational Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R01 HL120724

Lyme disease prevention fact sheet for golfers [Spanish]

Lyme disease prevention fact sheet for golfers [Spanish]Las garrapatas pueden transmitir enfermedades, como la enfermedad de Lyme. Prote\u301jase:\u2022 Utilice repelente contra insectos que contenga 20 a 30% de DEET.\u2022 Use ropa que haya sido tratada con permetrina.\u2022 Du\u301chese en cuanto vuelva de estar al aire libre.\u2022 Revise que su cuerpo no tenga garrapatas. Las garrapatas se pueden esconder debajo de las axilas, detra\u301s de las rodillas, en el cabello y en la ingle.\u2022 Ponga su ropa en la secadora a una temperatura alta durante 60 minutos para destruir las garrapatas que puedan haber quedado ahi\u301.CS216233G\ubfCo\u301mo prevenir las picaduras de garrapata al jugar al golf? -- Co\u301mo quitarse una garrapata -- Cua\u301ndo consultar al me\u301dico -- La enfermedad de Lyme se trata con antibio\u301ticos -- Que\u301 esperar de la recuperacio\u301n -- Informacio\u301n adicional.201