191 research outputs found
Degradation of water resources in rural Burkina Faso: drivers, local perceptions and solutions.
Burkina Faso reformed its water management institutions and adopted integrated water resources management (IWRM) for more than two decades, yet the country still suffers from weak institutions and ineffective implementation of water management reforms. The key institutional question is: âHow can IWRM reforms be adapted to increase effectiveness and sustainability of water management, and improve livelihoods of rural populations through increased participation of local stakeholders?â A key practical issue related to this bigger institutional question is to understand the barriers to adoption of good land and water management measures by riparian farmers and other land/water users, and the mechanisms to induce behavioral change among these users. Knowledge gaps exist in understanding the local perceptions and preferences of alternative management measures, and the incentive mechanisms to induce behavioral change. The aim of this study, which was part of a 3-year project entitled âParticipatory planning for more inclusive and sustainable water management in rural Burkina Fasoâ, was to understand the perceptions, preferences and willingness of farmers and other land/water users to adopt environmentally friendly land and water management measures. The study also examined potential mechanisms that could induce riparian economic actors to adopt such measures
Electrochemical monitoring of methyl parathion degradation based on carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFME)
The electrochemical degradation of methyl parathion (MP) has been investigated by using carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFME) as working electrode and acetate buffer pH 5.2 as supporting electrolyte. pnitrophenol (PNP) and p-aminophenol (PAP) recognized as by-products of MP degradation process have been detected and identified in real time using square wave voltammetry. This study shows for the first time that CFME could be used to follow MP degradation in real time and to identify its stables metabolites.Keywords: Organopollutants, decomposition, p-nitrophenol, p-aminophenol, Cyclic voltammetry, Square wave voltammetr
Les usagers de lâeau face Ă la dĂ©gradation des ressources : entre prise de conscience et volontĂ© dâagir
Cette Ă©tude menĂ©e en 2018 dans trois rĂ©gions du Burkina Faso avec lâappui de lâInternational Water Management Institute IWMI visait Ă comprendre les pratiques agricoles et de gestion des ressources naturelles, les choix ou prĂ©fĂ©rences des usagers de ces ressources ainsi que les mĂ©canismes pouvant les inciter Ă adopter des mesures de gestion plus respectueuses de lâenvironnement. Selon ses rĂ©sultats, beaucoup sont conscients de la rarĂ©faction et de la dĂ©gradation de la qualitĂ© des ressources et en identifient des causes. Les usagers interrogĂ©s se sont dit prĂȘts Ă adopter des mesures de gestion, y compris Ă travers une contribution financiĂšre
Effets des demi-lunes associées au scarifiage sur les productions fourragÚres en région sahélienne du Burkina Faso
Lâeffet des demi-lunes associĂ©es au scarifiage sur la production fourragĂšre a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ© dans quatre terroirs sahĂ©liens. Des parcelles dâobservation de un ha sur terrain amĂ©nagĂ© en demi-lune et un ha sur un tĂ©moin respectif ont Ă©tĂ© mises en place. Les observations ont concernĂ© lâanalyse de la composition floristique, la valeur fourragĂšre et le recouvrement. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent une amĂ©lioration de la composition floristique et le recouvrement de la vĂ©gĂ©tation. Les espĂšces fourragĂšres telles Panicum laetum (+9,8%), Cassia obtusifolia (+17,1%) et Alysicarpus ovalifolius (+2,7%) ont connu une amĂ©lioration tandis que Schoenefeldiagracilis (-30%) et Eragrostis tenella (-1,1%) ont subit une rĂ©gression. La production de fourrage a augmentĂ© significativement (P < 0,05) entre les parcelles amĂ©nagĂ©es (2115,9 kg de MS.ha-1) et les tĂ©moins (463 kg deMS.ha-1). Cependant, lâapparition de Cassia obtusifolia en trĂšs forte contribution spĂ©cifique suggĂšre que des essais dâalimentation soient menĂ©s sur cette espĂšce pour mieux valoriser lâimpact des amĂ©nagements en demilune surtout quâelle est bien appĂ©tĂ©e Ă lâĂ©tat sec. Les demi-lunes + scarification sont rentables mais des recherches doivent cependant ĂȘtre menĂ©es pour trouver les modalitĂ©s de gestion des espaces amĂ©nagĂ©s, afin dâĂ©viter leur surexploitation et leur dĂ©gradation.Mots clĂ©s : PĂąturage, fourrage, dĂ©gradation, Sahel, Burkina Faso
Combustibles des mĂ©nages et modes dâutilisation Ă lâĂ©chelle du terroir de Vipalogo, en zone nord soudanienne du Burkina Faso
Au Burkina Faso, les besoins en combustibles Ă©nergĂ©tiques sont satisfaits surtout par le bois dâĂ©nergie. En milieu rural, le bois contribue pour 95% Ă la satisfaction des besoins Ă©nergĂ©tiques des mĂ©nages. Une meilleure connaissance de lâimportance du bois et autres combustibles dans la satisfaction des besoins et des modes de consommation du combustible permettraient une meilleure gestion des formations vĂ©gĂ©tales. Pour ce faire, Ă lâĂ©chelle du terroir de Vipalogo, 30 exploitations ont Ă©tĂ© retenues au hasard, et enquĂȘtĂ©es sur les combustibles Ă©nergĂ©tiques utilisĂ©s. Des mesures de consommation de combustibles ont aussi Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es rĂ©guliĂšrement Ă trois pĂ©riodes de lâannĂ©e, pĂ©riode froide et sĂšche, saison sĂšche et chaude et en saison pluvieuse. A Vipalogo, les mĂ©nages utilisent 1129,8 m3 de bois par an. La consommation maximale de bois par personne et par jour atteint 1,12 kg en pĂ©riode froide contre 0,90 kg en pĂ©riode chaude et 0,67 kg en pĂ©riode pluvieuse. En outre, il ressort quâil y a des espĂšces prĂ©fĂ©rentielles qui rĂ©pondent Ă un certain nombre de critĂšres en fonction de lâusage. Si pour tous les usages, lâaspect abondance est citĂ©, pour le bois de feu, le critĂšre qualitĂ© de combustion est le plus signalĂ©. Les ressources ligneuses sont prĂ©levĂ©es Ă 29,6% dans les champs de cases et de brousse et le reste dans les zones non cultivĂ©es, essentiellement les savanes. Les brousses et les jachĂšres apportent la plus grande contribution Ă la satisfaction des besoins des populations en ressources ligneuses. Il ressort aussi un Ă©loignement progressif des lieux de collecte qui dĂ©note dâune rarĂ©faction du produit.Mots clĂ©s : combustibles Ă©nergĂ©tiques, mĂ©nage, bois, rĂ©sidus de rĂ©colte, champ, jachĂšre
Nosocomial Urinary Infections at the Urogoly Unit of the National University Hospital (Yalgado Ouedraogo), Ouagadougou: Feb.-Sept. 2012
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors and the microorganisms susceptibilities of nosocomial urinary infections at the urology unit of the national university hospital of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso.Method: From February to September 2012, two bacteriological analyzes have been performed for any of the 75 inpatients in the urology unit of the national university hospital of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso.Results: During the study period, 43 cases of nosocomial urinary infection were identified (57.3%) and we found no statistically significant associated risk factors with age groups, sex, arterial blood pressure, kidney illness and urinary obstructive pathologies.The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (30.9%), Klebsiella spp (26.9%) and Staphylococcus spp (15.4%). The yeasts strains were very sensitive to antifungal but the bacteria susceptibility rate to antibiotics was very variable. Thus, the cocci were rather sensitive to association clavulanic acid + amoxicilline and ceftriaxone and enoughsensitive to gentamicine ; the bacilli were enough sensitive to gentamicin and very sensitive to imipenem.Conclusion: From the antibiogram results, we recommend gentamicin in combination with penicillin or metronidazole as the first antibiotics to be used in the treatment of nosocomial urinary tract infections.Keywords: urinary infection, nosocomial infection, bacteria, antibiotic
Community quality control monitoring of latrines and boreholes in the Central North Region of Burkina Faso
With funding from the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, Catholic Relief Services implemented the Kom-Yilma project, âHappy and Healthy Children.â The program served 118 schools in two provinces in the Central North region of Burkina Faso, Bam and Sanmatenga, from March 2014 to August 2017. The purpose of the program was to encourage the adoption of key hygiene practices by the teachers, students, as well as to facilitate access to water and sanitation through social behavior change strategies and by building sex segregated, child-friendly latrines and boreholes. The Kom-Yilma team developed a community accountability approach to more effectively empower and involve local communities in the process of constructing sound infrastructure. This strategy not only ensures the construction quality of the latrines and boreholes, but also sustainable buy-in and community ownership of these new latrines and boreholes so the communities maintain them after the project
Constraints and opportunities in rainwater management in crop-livestock systems of Volta Basin in Ghana and Burkina Faso
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