26 research outputs found
Marriage patterns in Ankole, South-Western Uganda
This paper studies marriage patterns and systems in Ankole. Discussed in the study are age at marriage, proportion married,marriage dissolution, remarriages, types of marriage and bridewealth. The paper finds that most of the marriage patterns are among the major causes of high fertility in the area
Acute Leukemias Immunophenotypes at Agakhan University Hospital, Nairobi
Objective: The aim was to determine relative frequencies of acute leukemia immunophenotypes using commonly expressed markers and to describe the clinicopathological characteristics.Design: This was a prospective cross-sectional study.Setting: The study was based at Aga khan clinical laboratory department.Subjects: One hundred and thirty two (132) consecutive blood and bone marrow specimens from patients suspected to have acute leukemia were analysed for cytomorphological characteristics and immunophenotyping. The clinical-pathological characteristics were also recorded. Immunological category was assigned using the EGIL criteria.Results: There were 88 AML and 42 ALL patients analysed for immunophenotypes. Only tw cases of biphenotypic leukemia were found. The commonest overall AML morphological sub-type was AML-M2, 26 (29.5%). Majority of ALL cases were B-cell immunological sub-type (96.6%). Early pre-B phenotype constituted 62.07% and Common B-cell ALL 37.93%. There were only 4 cases of T-cell ALL. Majority of patientspresented with anaemia with a median hemoglobin of 7.5g/dl (range 2-15g/dl). The median platelet count was 55 (range 4-462 × 109/L).Conclusion: Immunophenotyping of acute leukemia is beneficial in accurate diagnosis of patients with these malignancies in this setup. T-cell ALL, AML-M6 and M7 are less frequent than what has been reported in most studies in Africa.Key words: acute leukemia, immunophenotype, WHO, EGIL, CD marker
Acute leukemias immunophenotypes at Agakhan University Hospital, Nairobi
Objective: The aim was to determine relative frequencies of acute leukemia immunophenotypes using commonly expressed markers and to describe the clinicopathological characteristics. Design: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was based at Aga khan clinical laboratory department. Subjects: One hundred and thirty two (132) consecutive blood and bone marrow specimens from patients suspected to have acute leukemia were analysed for cytomorphological characteristics and immunophenotyping. The clinical-pathological characteristics were also recorded. Immunological category was assigned using the EGIL criteria. Results: There were 88 AML and 42 ALL patients analysed for immunophenotypes. Only tw cases of biphenotypic leukemia were found. The commonest overall AML morphological sub-type was AML-M2, 26 (29.5%). Majority of ALL cases were B-cell immunological sub-type (96.6%). Early pre-B phenotype constituted 62.07% and Common B-cell ALL 37.93%. There were only 4 cases of T-cell ALL. Majority of patients presented with anaemia with a median hemoglobin of 7.5g/dl (range 2-15g/dl). The median platelet count was 55 (range 4-462 × 109/L). Conclusion: Immunophenotyping of acute leukemia is beneficial in accurate diagnosis of patients with these malignancies in this setup. T-cell ALL, AML-M6 and M7 are less frequent than what has been reported in most studies in Africa
Quantification and characterization of solid waste generated within Mulago national referral hospital, Uganda, East Africa
Hospital waste is a special category of waste that is quite detrimental as it may contain infectious and contaminated substances thus posing serious threats to the environment and public health. The knowledge of quantities and characteristics of hospital waste, helps in proper management. This study aimed at waste quantification, characterization, and assessment of the general waste management patterns at Mulago referral hospital, Uganda. The experiment was carried out for 30 consecutive days and solid waste generated within 24 hours were collected from different departments of the Mulago hospital in designated containers, sorted and weighed then grouped into general waste and clinical waste. The study established that general waste comprises 72% while clinical waste is 28% of the total waste generated in the facility. The average solid waste generation rate was found to be at 111.4kg per day with wards producing the highest quantities, followed by operating theatres, kitchen, public areas, laundry, and administration. Using the individualized Rapid Assessment Tool (I-RAT), it was found that Mulago hospital's authorities are aware of policies surrounding the handling and disposal methods of waste and gaps were observed in compliance. The average solid waste sorting compliance in the hospital was found very low, 37.4%, with the highest compliance in operating theatres at 62.8%, followed by the administration 51.7%, kitchen 32%, wards 27.3%, public areas 25.6%, and laundry 25%. The analysis of the discharged liquid waste revealed that Lead, Nitrate, COD, and BOD concentrations were beyond the permissible limits. Therefore, we recommend commitment on compliance with policies and legislation measures to safeguard the workers and environment. Technically, we recommend a bio-chemical pre-treatment of wastewater for the abatement of the pollutants prior to discharging it into the environment. Also, to minimize waste mixing and spillage at the waste generation points as a result of inappropriate bins, we recommend a combined 0.062 m3 capacity containers for general waste and 0.024 m3 for clinical waste in all hospital units
Some aspects of the determinants of fertility in Ankole, Uganda : findings of elders survey
A Recent Update Of Schistomiasis Mansoni Endemicity Around Lake Rweru
Background: Schistosomiasis remains a global public health challenge
with an estimated 200 million cases reported each year. In Rwanda, the
prevalence of schistosomiasis was recently examined by a countrywide
mapping conducted by the Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) Control
Programme of the Rwandan Ministry of Health in partnership with The
Access Project. Unfortunately, that study failed to consider one area
of endemicity -- Lake Rweru, located in Bugesera District, Eastern
Province, Rwanda. This screening aimed to evaluate Lake Rweru and its
environs in order to determine next steps for disease control. Methods:
The lake’s shore inhabitants, including children and adults, were
invited to be screened for intestinal schistosomiasis. The stool
examination was performed by Kato-Katz technique. Results: A total of
270 children and adults were parasitologically screened. Fifty seven
(57) cases of schistosomiasis mansoni were confirmed (21.1%). The
highest proportion of S. mansoni infection was observed at Mazane
Island (30.1% of 93 island inhabitants screened). Conclusion: The
present results confirm that Lake Rweru is a significant source of S.
mansoni infection in the country. We recommend further future
investigations in order to know the true disease prevalence. While the
mass de-worming campaign against schistosomiasis in addition to
soil-transmitted helminthiasis is being regularly conducted by the
Ministry of Health in all endemic areas, the population surrounding
Lake Rweru should receive special attention.Contexte: La schistosomiase demeure un problème important de
santé publique globalement avec environ 200 millions de cas
rapportés chaque année. Au Rwanda, la situation de la
schistosomiase a été récemment mise à jour par une
cartographie nationale conduite par le Programme de Contrôle des
Maladies Tropicales Négligées (MTN) du Ministère de la
Santé en collaboration avec The Access Project. Cependant, le lac
Rweru situé dans le District de Bugesera, Province de l’Est,
Rwanda, a été incorrectement manqué parmi les foyers les
plus endémiques. L’investigation visait à confirmer le
foyer afin de déterminer de prochaines étapes pour le
contrôle de l’infestation à Schistosoma mansoni.
Méthodes: La population habitant aux alentours du lac Rweru
comprenant des enfants et des adultes a été invitée
à fournir leurs échantillons de selles en vue
d’être examinés pour la schistosomiase intestinale.
L’examen de selles a été réalisé par la
technique de Kato-Katz. Résultats: Un total de 270 individus (des
enfants et des adultes) ont été examinés
parasitologiquement. Cinquante-sept (57) cas de schistosomiase mansoni
ont été confirmés (21.1%). On a observé la
proportion la plus élevée de l’infection à S.
mansoni à l’île de Mazane (30.1% de 93 habitants
insulaires testés). Conclusion: Les résultats actuels
confirment que le lac Rweru est une source importante de S. mansoni
dans le pays. Nous recommandons des enquêtes postérieures
afin de connaître la vraie prévalence de la maladie dans
cette zone. Pendant que la campagne de déparasitage de masse
contre la schistosomiase en plus des géo-helminthiases est
régulièrement organisée par le Ministère de la
Santé dans toutes les zones endémiques, la population
environnant le lac Rweru devrait recevoir une attention
particulière