Menentukan Konduktivitas Termal Tandan Kosong Sawit dengan Polistiren (Polystyrene) sebagai Heat Flux Meter

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui besarnya konduktivitas termal dan tahanan termal tandan kosong sawit dengan menggunakan polistiren (polystyrene) sebagai heat flux meter. Sampel tandan kosong sawit diambil dari pengolahan pabrik sawit yang baru diproses oleh pabrik. Pengukuran hanya dilakukan untuk densitas bulk 0, 2728gr/cm3; variasi ketebalan dilakukan dengan memberikan tekanan pada sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa besarnya konduktivitas termal tandan kosong sawit berkisar antara 0,07686597 W/mk - 0,10275511 W/mK, sedangkan tahanan termalnya berkisar antara 2,392343586 hr ft2 _F/Btu - 3,868327764 hr ft2 _F/Btu

Menguji Kekuatan Bahan Elektroplating Pelapisan Nikel pada Substrat Besi dengan Uji Impak (Impact Test)

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang proses elektroplating dengan logam nikel sebagai pelapis dari logam besi. Proses ini dilakukan dengan memvariasi waktu dan temperaturnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pengujian impak terhadap sampel yang telah dielektroplating. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pada masing-masing sampel yang telah di uji impak untuk temperatur yang bervariasi (35_C,40_C,45_C, 50_C, dan 55_C) dengan waktu elektroplating konstan, didapatkan bahwa semakin tinggi temperatur saat elektropating, semakin besar energi impak yang di butuhkan untuk merusak lapisan sampel. Sedangkan pengujian untuk waktu yang bervariasi (8 menit, 10 menit , 13 menit dan 15 menit) pada temperatur konstan menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama waktu sampel yang di elektropating, semakin besar energi impak yang di butuhkan untuk merusak lapisan sampel tersebut

Experimental and ab initio molecular dynamics study of the structure and physical properties of liquid GeTe

GeTe is a prototypical phase-change material employed in data storage devices. In this work, the atomic structure of liquid GeTe is studied by x-ray and neutron diffraction in the temperature range from 1197 to 998 K. The dynamic viscosity is measured from 1273 to 953 K, which is 55 K below the solidification point, using an oscillating-cup viscometer. The density of liquid GeTe between 1293 and 973 K is determined by the high-energy γ-ray attenuation method. The experiments are complemented with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations based on density functional theory (DFT). Compatibility of the AIMD-DFT models with the diffraction data is proven by simultaneous fitting of all data sets in the frame of the reverse Monte Carlo simulation technique. It is shown that octahedral order dominates in liquid GeTe, although tetrahedral structures are also present. The viscosity of the equilibrium and weakly undercooled liquid GeTe obeys the Arrhenius law with a small activation energy of the order of 0.3 eV, which is indicative of a highly fragile liquid. The calculated density of states and electronic wave functions point to the existence of a pseudogap and localized electron states within the gap in the equilibrium liquid near the melting point as well as in the undercooled liquid

Viscosity of liquid Ag-In-Sb-Te: Evidence of a fragile-to-strong crossover.

The temperature-dependent viscosity η(T) is measured for the equilibrium liquid of the chalcogenide Ag-In-Sb-Te (AIST), the first time this has been reported for a material of actual interest for phase-change memory. The measurements, in the range 829-1254 K, are made using an oscillating-crucible viscometer, and show a liquid with high fragility and low viscosity, similar to liquid pure metals. Combining the high-temperature viscosity measurements with values inferred from crystal growth rates in the supercooled liquid allows the form of η(T) to be estimated over the entire temperature range from above the melting point down to the glass transition. It is then clear that η(T) for liquid AIST cannot be described with a single fragility value, unlike other phase-change chalcogenides such as liquid Ge-Sb-Te. There is clear evidence for a fragile-to-strong crossover on cooling liquid AIST, similar to that analyzed in Te85Ge15. The change in fragility associated with the crossover in both these cases is rather weak, giving a broad temperature range over which η(T) is near-Arrhenius. We discuss how such behavior may be beneficial for the performance of phase-change memory. Consideration of the fragile-to-strong crossover in liquid chalcogenides may be important in tuning compositions to optimize the device performance.JO and ALG acknowledge financial support by the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan.This is the author accepted manuscript. It is currently under an indefinite embargo pending publication by American Institute of Physics Publishing

Optimizing mechanical properties of Fe26.7Co26.7Ni26.7Si8.9B11 high entropy alloy by inducing hypoeutectic to quasi-duplex microstructural transition

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have inspired considerable interest due to their attractive physical and mechanical properties. In this work, the microstructural evolution induced by different heat treatments on rapidly solidified hypoeutectic precursors of a Fe26.7Co26.7Ni26.7Si8.9B11 HEA is investigated and correlated with the corresponding mechanical properties. The microstructures of the rapidly solidified precursors are composed of primary fcc solid solution dendrites embedded in a eutectic matrix. When the samples are annealed at different temperatures after furnace cooling or quenching, respectively, the eutectic structure gradually decomposes into fcc, tetragonal (Fe,Co)2B, and hexagonal Ni31Si12 crystals with increasing annealing temperature, leading to a gradual increase of the content of the fcc crystals and both their aggregation and coarsening. Then the dominant structural framework gradually transforms from eutectic structures to fcc dendrites and ultimately the (Fe,Co)2B crystals become isolated as dominant reinforcement particles distributed in the interdendritic regions. This gradual microstructural transition from hypoeutectic to quasi-duplex structures leads to the change of the dominant deformation mechanism from crack-controlled to dislocation-dominated deformation, which allows to control both ductility and strength in a wide range. Hence, this study provides some guideline for how to tune the microstructure and mechanical properties of HEAs

Survival associated pathway identification with group Lp penalized global AUC maximization

It has been demonstrated that genes in a cell do not act independently. They interact with one another to complete certain biological processes or to implement certain molecular functions. How to incorporate biological pathways or functional groups into the model and identify survival associated gene pathways is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a novel iterative gradient based method for survival analysis with group Lp penalized global AUC summary maximization. Unlike LASSO, Lp (p < 1) (with its special implementation entitled adaptive LASSO) is asymptotic unbiased and has oracle properties [1]. We first extend Lp for individual gene identification to group Lp penalty for pathway selection, and then develop a novel iterative gradient algorithm for penalized global AUC summary maximization (IGGAUCS). This method incorporates the genetic pathways into global AUC summary maximization and identifies survival associated pathways instead of individual genes. The tuning parameters are determined using 10-fold cross validation with training data only. The prediction performance is evaluated using test data. We apply the proposed method to survival outcome analysis with gene expression profile and identify multiple pathways simultaneously. Experimental results with simulation and gene expression data demonstrate that the proposed procedures can be used for identifying important biological pathways that are related to survival phenotype and for building a parsimonious model for predicting the survival times

Diseases of the salivary glands in infants and adolescents

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Diseases of the salivary glands are rare in infants and children (with the exception of diseases such as parotitis epidemica and cytomegaly) and the therapeutic regimen differs from that in adults. It is therefore all the more important to gain exact and extensive insight into general and special aspects of pathological changes of the salivary glands in these age groups. Etiology and pathogenesis of these entities is still not yet fully known for the age group in question so that general rules for treatment, based on clinical experience, cannot be given, particularly in view of the small number of cases of the different diseases. Swellings of the salivary glands may be caused by acute and chronic inflammatory processes, by autoimmune diseases, by duct translocation due to sialolithiasis, and by tumors of varying dignity. Clinical examination and diagnosis has also to differentiate between salivary gland cysts and inflammation or tumors.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Salivary gland diseases are rare in childhood and adolescence. Their pattern of incidence differs very much from that of adults. Acute and chronic sialadenitis not responding to conservative treatment requires an appropriate surgical approach. The rareness of salivary gland tumors is particularly true for the malignant parotid tumors which are more frequent in juvenile patients, a fact that has to be considered in diagnosis and therapy.</p

Judah Folkman, a pioneer in the study of angiogenesis

More than 30 years ago, Judah Folkman found a revolutionary new way to think about cancer. He postulated that in order to survive and grow, tumors require blood vessels, and that by cutting off that blood supply, a cancer could be starved into remission. What began as a revolutionary approach to cancer has evolved into one of the most exciting areas of scientific inquiry today. Over the years, Folkman and a growing team of researchers have isolated the proteins and unraveled the processes that regulate angiogenesis. Meanwhile, a new generation of angiogenesis research has emerged as well, widening the field into new areas of human disease and deepening it to examine the underlying biological processes responsible for those diseases